李育 孟蕾 楊鳴旭
據(jù)2017美國Open Door公開數(shù)據(jù)顯示,在2016-2017學(xué)年超過35萬的中國學(xué)生就讀于美國學(xué)校,美國成為中國學(xué)生和家長的首選留學(xué)目的國。但近年成倍增長的高分申請人數(shù)與美國名校的“不擴(kuò)招”給中國學(xué)生的申請帶來了愈發(fā)激烈的競爭。如何在數(shù)萬人中脫穎而出,如何在招生官八分鐘篩選中抓人眼球,是這次美國三所學(xué)校招生官將要向廣大留學(xué)生群體講述的。
雖然2018年美國名校的錄取結(jié)果頻頻刷爆朋友圈,每天總有幾個(gè)學(xué)生收到康奈爾大學(xué)、華盛頓大學(xué),甚至耶魯、哈佛的offer,但與往年相比,2018美國高校的錄取結(jié)果卻是不盡人意。究其原因,創(chuàng)歷史新低的錄率取是成倍增加的申請數(shù)與美國名校不擴(kuò)招之間的矛盾的妥協(xié)。
申請成倍增長與“不擴(kuò)招”矛盾僵化 錄取形勢并不樂觀
2017年12月16號是美國大學(xué)早期申請第一階段的發(fā)榜日,從那一天開始,錄取喜報(bào)頻頻牽動著中國學(xué)生和家長的心。緊接著,2018年1月底至2月初是美國大學(xué)早期申請第二階段的發(fā)榜期,接下來的常規(guī)申請發(fā)榜期從3月1日開始一直到4月1日截止。
從前兩個(gè)階段的早期申請發(fā)榜情況來看,2018美國名校的錄取結(jié)果并不樂觀,以往的錄取經(jīng)驗(yàn)和錄取數(shù)據(jù)難以在2018早期申請中得到有效的驗(yàn)證。最新統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)顯示,許多著名大學(xué)的錄取率繼續(xù)下滑,創(chuàng)最低紀(jì)錄。哈佛今年的錄取率甚至跌破了5%,降至4.6%;賓尼法尼亞大學(xué)今年的錄取率8.39%,早申請的錄取率也只有18.5%,雙雙達(dá)到歷史新低;杜克大學(xué)常規(guī)申請共錄取2123位同學(xué),申請人數(shù)則高達(dá)33300人,整體錄取率為8.3%,下降0.9 %。
“這個(gè)學(xué)生的學(xué)業(yè)還算扎實(shí),但成績并不出眾;雖然選修了幾門難度大的大學(xué)預(yù)修課,但數(shù)量不夠多,成績嘛,確實(shí)是低了點(diǎn)?!?/p>
“不過呢,和他周圍的同學(xué)相比,這個(gè)學(xué)生還算比較優(yōu)秀:申請書寫得不錯,課外活動中表現(xiàn)出了堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的意志,家里人還和咱們大學(xué)有點(diǎn)關(guān)系”
“所以啊,錄取還是不錄取,我覺得都行”
……
某大學(xué)招生官花了幾分鐘和同事研究之后,這樣說道。他們最終的結(jié)論是—候補(bǔ)。美國大學(xué)的申請從去年冬天就已開始,在這個(gè)冬天,各個(gè)大學(xué)的錄取官都在進(jìn)行這樣的對話。
中國學(xué)生平均1450的SAT成績、至少110的托福高分申請人數(shù)成倍增加,但錄取率卻沒有顯著提升,多種跡象表明,高分申請美國名校錄取的優(yōu)勢已經(jīng)不在。
委員會評估縮短為八分鐘 招生官小組決定申請成敗
持續(xù)上升的申請人數(shù)與學(xué)校的不擴(kuò)招顯然成為了一對矛盾,而篩選學(xué)生則成為學(xué)校重要的工作。為了解決這種矛盾,美國大學(xué)在錄取規(guī)則上做出相應(yīng)調(diào)整,明顯下調(diào)錄取率,并且為提高篩選速度,將評估時(shí)間縮短為8分鐘。
為了應(yīng)對持續(xù)上升的申請量,美國目前有30多所名校采取委員會式的(Committee-based)評估方法,以提高評估效率。
在這種評估方式中,一個(gè)招生委員會只有兩個(gè)人。兩個(gè)招生官組成一個(gè)小組,分工審查申請者的材料,其中一個(gè)招生官審查成績單、標(biāo)化考試成績和推薦信,另一個(gè)招生官則閱讀課外活動部分和大學(xué)文書。兩位招生官同時(shí)閱讀他們自己的份內(nèi)材料,然后討論自己對申請人的印象,并標(biāo)記錄取、拒絕或其他意見,然后繼續(xù)審閱下一份申請書。
雖然還有第三位招生官檢查這些招生小組的招生筆記和錄取建議,但是在大多數(shù)情況下,招生小組可能是這些大學(xué)申請材料僅有的閱讀者。這樣看來,整個(gè)申請書的審閱時(shí)間甚至不超過8分鐘。
想要在這8分鐘里脫穎而出,并不容易。每名錄取官每天要看30到40份申請材料,對學(xué)生進(jìn)行多輪篩選,錄取官有權(quán)在第一輪自助淘汰掉一部分學(xué)生。杰出、行動派、改革派、必修課成績大部分是A、積極參與課堂互動、對所申請大學(xué)有了解—如果學(xué)生的申請資料能體現(xiàn)出這些品質(zhì),那么他們進(jìn)入下一輪篩選的可能性就很大。
成績平平、大學(xué)預(yù)修課選的少、個(gè)人故事沒特色、對所申請大學(xué)知之甚少—如果學(xué)生的申請資料給錄取官留下這樣的印象,那么他們基本在第一輪就被“剩下” 了。
中國高分申請美國名校的優(yōu)勢不復(fù)存在,加之持續(xù)走低的錄取率的嚴(yán)峻形勢,申請美國名校成為“高手”與“高手”之間的對決,那么在這場對決中,中國學(xué)生該如何脫穎而出?
《留學(xué)》采訪三所美國知名大學(xué)的現(xiàn)任招生官,聽他們講一講錄取學(xué)生的心得體會,畢竟知己知彼才能百戰(zhàn)不殆,留學(xué)申請也講究謀略。
采訪摘要
Q=《留學(xué)》記者
A=亞利桑那州立大學(xué)招生辦主任Matt López
Q:在錄取的中國學(xué)生中,有哪些共同的特質(zhì)?
What common factors make admission officersdecision to admit these Chinese applicants? Please illuminate.
A:亞利桑那州立大學(xué)一直在尋找終生學(xué)習(xí)者,擁有理智的好奇心并且積極參加到社團(tuán)活動和教育中。擁有這樣的心態(tài)并且能夠批判性思考的學(xué)生是最成功的。學(xué)生的積極本性讓他很容易獲得實(shí)習(xí)機(jī)會,取得良好成績,并且與新朋友保持良好關(guān)系,在畢業(yè)后獲得眾多工作機(jī) 會。
At ASU,we look for students who are lifetime learners, intellectually curious and who actively participate in their community and education. Students who bring this mindset to ASU and can think critically are the most successful. That active nature leads to internship placements, success in class, and excellent relationships with new friends and countless opportunities upon graduation.
Q:什么樣的學(xué)生會被美國大學(xué)淘汰 掉?
What students would be eliminated?
A:根據(jù)我的經(jīng)驗(yàn),除去最低錄取要求,美國大學(xué)希望錄取一些積極參與學(xué)術(shù)生活,并成為終生學(xué)習(xí)者的學(xué)生。許多中國學(xué)生習(xí)慣性地套用模板,或者跟著其他申請人的套路走。在亞利桑那州立大學(xué),我們正在尋找那些學(xué)生,他們很清楚如何把自己的獨(dú)一無二的經(jīng)歷與學(xué)術(shù)興趣聯(lián)系起來,他們很清楚為什么亞利桑那州立大學(xué)是自己非常合適的選擇,而不是基于學(xué)術(shù)成績上的唯一選擇。
I've had the privilege to work for a few different universities. Beyond the minimum admission requirements,U.S. universities want to find students who want to actively participate in their education and who are lifetime learners. Many Chinese students are accustomed to following templates and structured paths.At ASU,we're looking for students who can articulate how his or her unique experiences have formed their academic interests and why ASU is a good fit,not solely based on their academic performance.
Q:學(xué)校為學(xué)生提供哪些校內(nèi)外的實(shí)習(xí)機(jī)會?
What kind of opportunities for internships in the U.S. and abroad does ASU provide for students?
A:超過13000名國際學(xué)生在ASU注冊入學(xué)或者參加選擇性實(shí)習(xí)訓(xùn)練(Optional Practical Training),ASU能夠深刻體會到國際學(xué)生獨(dú)特的職業(yè)發(fā)展需要,并且為幫助他們追求事業(yè)發(fā)展提供資源和方法。ASU的課堂作業(yè)經(jīng)常要求學(xué)生至少有一個(gè)學(xué)期的實(shí)習(xí),在此期間,教員和教授們?yōu)閷W(xué)生去聯(lián)系相應(yīng)工作領(lǐng)域的雇主。例如,ASU的中國校友何心, 最近畢業(yè)于社會工作碩士的項(xiàng)目,曾經(jīng)在美國國會Kyrsten Sinema 的辦公室實(shí)習(xí)。此外,ASU的就業(yè)服務(wù)和國際學(xué)生學(xué)者中心致力于鼓勵擁有國際雇主的教員為學(xué)生尋找實(shí)習(xí)和工作機(jī)會。
With more than 13,000 international students enrolled at ASU or participating in Optional Practical Training (OPT),ASU understands the unique career development needs of international students and provides resources and tools to help them pursue their dream careers.
Coursework at ASU often times requires at least a practicum session,during which faculty and advisors look to connect students with employers in the fields of study for internship opportunities. For instance,Xin He,a Chinese alum who recently graduated from Master's Social Work program at ASU, had completed an internship at U.S. Congress woman Kyrsten Sinema's Office.
Additionally,ASU's Career Services and International Students & Scholars Center have dedicated staff members who engage with employers internationally to find internship and job opportunities for our students.
采訪摘要
Q=《留學(xué)》記者
A=夏威夷大學(xué)馬諾校區(qū)國際學(xué)生招生官Joyce
Q:夏威夷大學(xué)更青睞什么樣的中國學(xué)生?
What Chinese students do you prefer to?
A:我們青睞學(xué)術(shù)背景優(yōu)秀和英語語言能力較強(qiáng)的學(xué)生。我們希望,錄取的學(xué)生,愿意從事社區(qū)服務(wù)和志愿者活動,隨時(shí)準(zhǔn)備好挑戰(zhàn)自我和敢于冒險(xiǎn),同時(shí)擁有開放的心態(tài),愿意接受和嘗試新生事物。
Students from China are welcome from all regions. Preferred are students with excellent academic background and a high level of English; students who get involved in community service and volunteer work; students who are always prepared to challenge themselves and take adventures; students who are open and willing to embrace new things.
Q:夏威夷大學(xué)希望通過學(xué)校的培養(yǎng),讓學(xué)生成為怎樣的青年人?
What abilities could be cultivated?
A:通過大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí),我們希望我們的學(xué)生具備以下幾個(gè)方面的屬性:
1.對自己的身份形成明確的認(rèn)知。認(rèn)識到自己是個(gè)具有潛能的生命個(gè)體,能夠發(fā)展自己的獨(dú)特天賦去實(shí)現(xiàn)自我價(jià)值,有著為家庭、學(xué)校和社會做貢獻(xiàn)的強(qiáng)烈愿望。懂得在身體上,心理上,精神上和信仰上滋養(yǎng)自己,確保全方位的健康和適性。
2.成為一名終生學(xué)習(xí)者。始終保持好奇心和對周遭世界的驚奇,具備成長型思維模式,具有批判性思維和創(chuàng)造性思維,有著解決問題的能力。
3.珍視人文精神。在同情心、交流、合作以及沖突調(diào)停方面得到提升,欣賞大自然和所有生命體,彰顯夏威夷大學(xué)也馬諾校區(qū)的校訓(xùn):人性超越國界。
4.強(qiáng)烈的社會責(zé)任心。能夠把個(gè)人與社會聯(lián)接起來,時(shí)刻準(zhǔn)備為社會服務(wù),敢于超前領(lǐng)先,并通過探索重要問題以求變革。在某個(gè)領(lǐng)域做出深層次的研究與貢 獻(xiàn)。
Through their Manoa Experience, we want our students to be equipped with the following characteristics:
1.Know clearly who they are-as individual with great potential, grow their own unique talents to achieve self-value and cultivate strong desire to contribute to family, school and a bigger community. Nurture their own physical, psychological, mental, spiritual health and fitness.
2.Become a life-long learners-keep curiosity and wonder the world around; growth-mindset; critical and creative thinking; problem-solving skills; foster self-directed learning, will power and self-evaluation.
3.Value humanity–promote caring, communication, cooperation and conflict resolution; appreciation for nature and all living things; to showcase UHM's motto "Above all nations is humanity".
4.Strong social responsibility-connect self to a bigger community and be ready to serve community; take initiatives and make changes by investigating important questions;touch deep roots of a certain field.
Q:大學(xué)在審核資料時(shí),會看重學(xué)生的哪些素質(zhì)?
What qualities do you value when reviewing students' data?
A:我們首先會關(guān)注學(xué)生的成績,審查學(xué)生高中階段的綜合平均成績GPA,體現(xiàn)他們英語能力的托福或雅思的成績,以及寫作能力等。我們看重學(xué)生的個(gè)性、交往能力、責(zé)任心、志愿者精神以及領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力等。我們還看重老師推薦信,希望老師的視角更多地去了解學(xué)生。
The qualities we value are evidence of academic success (GPA–grade point average);evidence of English ability (TOEFL or IELTS),evidence of ability to communicate in writing;we value students personality,communication ability, responsibility,volunteerism and leadership;we also value teachers'recommendation letters to get to know students from their teachers' perspectives.
Q:申請者有什么可以引起招生官額外注意的方法 嗎?
Is there any way for applicants to draw attention to admissions officer?
A:所有的申請者都是基于他們的申請的優(yōu)秀程度而評估的。好的推薦信應(yīng)該是有幫助的,但是務(wù)必排除公式化形式的推薦信。
All applicants are evaluated on the merits of their applications. Good letters of recommendation (ones that are not "boilerplate"formulaic letters) can be helpful.
采訪摘要
Q=《留學(xué)》記者
A=西雅圖大學(xué)國際招生辦主任Dana Brolley
Q:對于新生選擇專業(yè),您有什么忠吿?
Any recommendations for new students who have not selected a major yet?
A:我會為那些還沒有選擇專業(yè)的同學(xué)歡呼,因?yàn)檫@個(gè)世界變化太快了。在西雅圖大學(xué),我們竭盡所能幫助學(xué)生找到屬于自己的職業(yè)方向。同時(shí),也通過添加新專業(yè)的方式, 為學(xué)生們提供新的機(jī)會。在大學(xué)生活的前兩年,我們鼓勵你找到自己的興趣,了解你自己與眾不同的才能,找到你的“超能力”。每個(gè)人都有自己的天賦或強(qiáng)項(xiàng)。比如,你很擅長于激勵別人?擅長于解開謎題?又或者你能說出所有見過的昆蟲的名字?這些都是你超能力的根源,就是那些讓你做起來得心應(yīng)手的事情。教育應(yīng)是在你原有天賦的基礎(chǔ)上,再教授于你受用終身的技能。你的專業(yè)只是你學(xué)習(xí)的領(lǐng)域,并不代表你是誰,或你將成為誰。因?yàn)榻K生學(xué)習(xí)的過程會一直伴隨著你。
Hooray for those who haven't decided yet. The world is changing rapidly. At Seattle University, we help students find their pathway and we work to provide new, innovative opportunities for students by adding new majors as readily as possible. In the first two years of your studies we encourage you to explore your interests to find your area of focus. What is most helpful is to reflect on your unique talents or what I call, "super powers". Everyone has natural abilities or strengths that you will rely on for the rest of your life. Are you good at motivating people? Do you enjoy puzzles? Can you name all the insects you've ever seen? These are the roots of your super powers......the things that come easiest to you. Your education should build on your natural abilities and teach you skills that you can apply throughout your life. Your major is an area of study, it is not who you are or who you will be. It's likely you will continue to study and learn throughout your life.
Q:在年青一代成長的道路上,什么更重要?
For the young, what are more important?
A:世界在不斷變化,我也常常鼓勵孩子們可以換種視角看待大學(xué)教育。大學(xué)教育不該僅僅成為通向職業(yè)道路選擇的工具。在未來,工作種類會變化多樣,對學(xué)生而言,如何在大學(xué)生活中培養(yǎng)軟實(shí)力才是至關(guān)重要的。合作精神、跨文化溝通能力、領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力、理財(cái)能力、分析能力、抗挫力、變通力、演講能力等等,這些能力的培養(yǎng)不僅會讓學(xué)生受益終身,也能幫助他們更好地適應(yīng)未來不斷變化的工作環(huán)境和挑 戰(zhàn)。
As the world changes I encourage students to think about education in new ways. Students and families should think about university education as more than a degree that leads to a specific career pathway. Jobs of the future are likely to change significantly. It is important to think about the skills students will develop through their university experience: collaboration, cross-cultural literacy, digital skills, financial literacy, leadership, analysis, resilience, flexibility, presenting, mentoring and more. These critical skills will serve students throughout their lives and will be helpful for anyone who may need to adapt to new work conditions in the future.