吳元培
before用作連詞時(shí),意為:在……之前;到……為止,到……之前;以免,不然;寧可……(而)不,用來(lái)引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句。從歷年的高考試題可以看出,before是高考考查的熱點(diǎn)詞匯之一。為了幫助大家掌握,現(xiàn)將它的用法歸納如下:
一、before表示“在……之前”。這時(shí)主句與before從句中的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作按時(shí)間先后依次發(fā)生。
You must learn to consult your feelings and your reason________________you reach any decision.
A.although B.before C.because D.unless
解析:句意是:在你做任何決定之前,你得學(xué)會(huì)顧及你的感覺(jué)和你做此決定的原因。before意為“在……之前”,根據(jù)句意,故選擇B項(xiàng)。
二、表示“在……之后才……”。副詞“才”在漢語(yǔ)中強(qiáng)調(diào)某事發(fā)生得晚或慢。如果在含有before從句的復(fù)合句中,強(qiáng)調(diào)從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生得晚或慢時(shí),就可以應(yīng)用這種譯法。
He was told that it would be at least three more months________________he could recover and return to work.
A.when B.before C.since D.that
解析:根據(jù)句意,此句是由“It+be+時(shí)間段+before+從句”表示“要過(guò)多久才……”;而句式“It is/has been+時(shí)間段+since從句”表示“自從……以來(lái)已有……”。故選擇B項(xiàng)。
三、表示“……還沒(méi)來(lái)得及……就……”。目的在于強(qiáng)調(diào)從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生之前,主句動(dòng)作已發(fā)生。
—Why didn't you tell him about the meeting?
—He rushed out of the room________________I could say a word.
A.before B.until C.when D.after
解析:本題考查連詞before表示“……還沒(méi)來(lái)得及……就……”的用法。句意是“我還沒(méi)來(lái)得及說(shuō)一句話(huà),他就沖出了房間”。故選擇A項(xiàng)。
四、表示“趁……”“等到……”或“沒(méi)等……就……”等。
He made a mistake,but then he corrected the situation________________it got worse.
A.until B.when C.before D.as
解析:由made a mistake和轉(zhuǎn)折詞but可知本題句意是“他出了差錯(cuò),但沒(méi)等其進(jìn)一步惡化,他就調(diào)整了局勢(shì)”。故選擇C項(xiàng)。
五、用于句型“It+will/would be+時(shí)間段+before...”中,表示“要過(guò)多久才……”,也可用于“It+may be+時(shí)間段+before...”,表示“也許要過(guò)多久才……”。其否定形式“It will/would not be+時(shí)間段+before...”表示“不久就……,沒(méi)過(guò)(多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間)就……”。
(1)I'm sorry you've been waiting so long,but it'll still be some time________________Brian get back.
A.before B.since C.till D.after
解析:此句是由before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,構(gòu)成“It will be/was+一段時(shí)間+before...”,主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用肯定式時(shí),意思是“……多久后(某人)才……”。句意為:對(duì)不起讓你久等了,但是還得再過(guò)一段時(shí)間布萊恩才回來(lái)。故選擇A項(xiàng)。
(2)John thinks it won't be long________________he is ready for his new job.
A.when B.after C.before D.Since
解析:before在本題中用于否定句,意為“過(guò)不了多久就會(huì)……”,再由狀語(yǔ)從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)的用法可知C項(xiàng)為正確答案。句意是:約翰認(rèn)為要不了多久他就能為他的新工作做好準(zhǔn)備了。故選擇C項(xiàng)。
六、和hardly連用,表示“剛一……就……”。該結(jié)構(gòu)主句常用過(guò)去完成時(shí),當(dāng)hardly位于句首時(shí),要用倒裝語(yǔ)序。
例如:I had hardly sat down before the telephone rang.
=Hardly had I sat down before the telephone rang.我剛一坐下電話(huà)就響了。
七、和其他相似句型的區(qū)別
before引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句可構(gòu)成句型“It will not be...before...”與“It was not...before...”表示“沒(méi)過(guò)多久就……”;而“It will be...before...”和“It was...before...”表示“過(guò)了多久就/才……”;since意為“自從……”,可構(gòu)成“It is/was+一段時(shí)間+since...”這一句型。since與終止性動(dòng)詞連用,表示“自……以來(lái)已有多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”;since與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用,表示“自從不做某事有多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了”。從句中常用過(guò)去時(shí),主句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
(1)As is reported,it is 100 years________________Tsing University was founded.endprint
A.when B.before C.after D.since
解析:根據(jù)主從句中用的時(shí)態(tài),主句中的years是一段時(shí)間,然而它修飾的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞was founded卻是一個(gè)終止性動(dòng)詞,這顯然用的是“It is/was+一段時(shí)間+since...”這一句型。since與終止性動(dòng)詞連用,表示“自……以來(lái)已有多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”;since與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用,表示“自從不做某事有多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了”。本句中was founded是一個(gè)終止性動(dòng)詞,從動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)算起;句意是“正如所報(bào)道的,自從清華大學(xué)建校已有100年的時(shí)間了”。故選擇D項(xiàng)。
(2)It was April 29,2001________________Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.
A.that B.when C.since D.before
解析:根據(jù)句法,句中“April 29,2001”表示時(shí)間點(diǎn),所以用“It+is/was+具體的時(shí)間點(diǎn)+when...”這一結(jié)構(gòu),主句中的“it”指時(shí)間,用“when”來(lái)引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。句意是:2001年4月29日威廉王子與凱蒂·米德?tīng)栴D步入他們婚禮儀式的殿堂。故選擇B項(xiàng)。
八、before long和long before的區(qū)別
before long意為“不久,很快”(其中before是介詞,long是名詞),常在句中作狀語(yǔ),多與動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)或?qū)?lái)時(shí)連用。
例如:The work will be finished before long.工作不久就會(huì)完成。
Before long he had to move on again.不久,他被迫再次遷移。
long before意為“很久以前”(其中l(wèi)ong是副詞。long before單獨(dú)使用時(shí),before是介詞;long before后接從句時(shí),before是連詞。)這個(gè)詞組常與過(guò)去時(shí)或過(guò)去完成時(shí)連用,跟從句時(shí)也可用在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的句子中。
例如:She said that she had heard of it long before.她說(shuō)她早就聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)此事。
It will be long before he arrives.還要等很久他才能到達(dá)。
練一練
從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇最佳答案。
1.—How long will you graduate from Qianqiao Senior Middle School?
—It will be less than one year________________I graduate from this school.
A.when B.that C.before D.since
2.I knew Mr.Green________________I knew Mrs.Green.
A.long before B.before long C.long ago D.after long
3.It was a long time________________I went to sleep again.
A.when B.while C.before D.until
4.The government has taken some measures to solve the shortage of electricity,but it may be some time________________the situation improves.
A.before B.when C.unless D.since
5.—It is a long time________________I saw you last.
—Yes.And it will be a long time________________we see each other again.
A.when;before B.after;when C.since;before D.since;until
Keys:1~5 CACACendprint