二維碼建筑—印度昌迪加爾知識(shí)博物館設(shè)計(jì)方案

朱文一

2015年，印度Archasm舉辦了“未建成的昌迪加爾：知識(shí)博物館設(shè)計(jì)競賽”，以紀(jì)念建筑大師勒·柯布西耶逝世50周年。大師在印度留下了堪稱經(jīng)典的一座城和一組建筑。這就是著名的昌迪加爾城及其行政建筑群。其中，位于行政建筑群東北部的省長官邸就是競賽標(biāo)題提到的未建成建筑。大師對這幢建筑傾注了大量心血。這是柯布西耶設(shè)計(jì)的整座昌迪加爾城東北端的建筑，其背景是延綿不斷的喜馬拉雅山脈。競賽主辦方以這幢未建成建筑為場地，功能設(shè)定為知識(shí)博物館公共建筑類型。

朱文一工作室提交的“二維碼建筑”（QR Code Architecture）方案探索了數(shù)字時(shí)代新建筑類型的可能性，方案有以下特點(diǎn)。

第一是關(guān)于大師遺產(chǎn)。方案尊重建筑大師勒·柯布西耶針對行政辦公區(qū)的總體設(shè)計(jì)，延續(xù)其空間肌理，在原址布置知識(shí)博物館的主體建筑（圖1）。此外，通過對整個(gè)行政辦公區(qū)規(guī)劃的分析和研究，方案在主體建筑底層和前面布置大面積水池，增加整個(gè)行政辦公區(qū)的水景，同時(shí)創(chuàng)造視線貫通的寬闊視野，將主入口設(shè)置在東南面，與勒·柯布西耶著名的“手”雕塑廣場連接，整合為對市民和游客開放的公共空間片區(qū)（圖2）。

第二是關(guān)于知識(shí)博物館的功能。它不僅是收藏知識(shí)的地方，還是一個(gè)探索未來的地方。在建筑物二層，設(shè)計(jì)了宗教、科學(xué)、文學(xué)、歷史、社會(huì)、技術(shù)、藝術(shù)和建筑8個(gè)靈活的、多功能的、友好的知識(shí)單元（圖3）。每一個(gè)單元本身就是一個(gè)知識(shí)的容器，供城市居民和游客體驗(yàn)。單元之間是半室外的、相互交融的公共交流空間，人們在這里可以體驗(yàn)不同知識(shí)碰撞出的靈感火花。建筑表皮則由若干讀書小方體構(gòu)成。這是為一個(gè)人或幾個(gè)人讀書研討而專門設(shè)計(jì)的安靜空間（圖4—圖6）。

第三是關(guān)于建筑創(chuàng)新。勒·柯布西耶是現(xiàn)代建筑大師，他大膽而富有激情的創(chuàng)新所開創(chuàng)的建筑新時(shí)代影響至今。如何通過建筑設(shè)計(jì)紀(jì)念這位偉大的建筑大師？方案“二維碼建筑”以二維碼為介質(zhì)來設(shè)計(jì)建筑，創(chuàng)造性地實(shí)現(xiàn)了現(xiàn)實(shí)和虛擬建筑的連接和互動(dòng)。建筑表皮的讀書小方體是現(xiàn)實(shí)的讀書空間。其中，建筑屋頂?shù)男》襟w組成的二維碼圖案代表昌迪加爾知識(shí)博物館（Chandigarh Museum of Knowledge），也可以設(shè)置為其網(wǎng)站的網(wǎng)址。

圖1 / Figure 1勒·柯布西耶的首都行政區(qū)建筑群中的設(shè)計(jì)場地The Site in the Capitol Complex Designed by Le Corbusier

第四是關(guān)于萬能視角。在數(shù)字時(shí)代，人們已經(jīng)習(xí)慣于在衛(wèi)星地圖上查找建筑。這種萬能視角優(yōu)先的體驗(yàn)建筑方式，將建筑物的屋頂或第五立面提升到建筑主立面的地位。在衛(wèi)星地圖上，方案“二維碼建筑”屋頂?shù)亩S碼圖案提供了虛擬和現(xiàn)實(shí)連接的可能性。只需用手機(jī)上的二維碼讀碼APP掃描建筑屋頂，即可獲得建筑的虛擬信息（圖7）。

近100年前，勒·柯布西耶倡導(dǎo)“走向新建筑”。今天，何謂數(shù)字時(shí)代的新建筑？這是當(dāng)代建筑師面臨的挑戰(zhàn)。方案“二維碼建筑”在這方面探索了一種可能性。

圖片來源

Figure Sources

文中圖片均為朱文一工作室提供

All figures are provided by ZHU Wenyi Atelier

FULL TEXTS TRANSLATED FROM CHINESE

In 2015, Archasm of India hosted the “Chandigarh Unbuilt: Knowledge Museum Design Competition” to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the death of great architect Le Corbusier. The master created a classic city and architecture, Chandigarh City and it's the Capitol complex. Among them, the governor‘s house is the unbuilt building mentioned in the title of the competition. The program takes this unbuilt building area as the site and functions as the public building of the Knowledge Museum.

The “QR Code Architecture” proposal submitted by ZHU Wenyi Atelier explores a new typology of architecture in the digital age.

First, Respecting the existing Capitol complex and continuing its fabric, the main building of the Knowledge Museum is arranged at the original site (Figure 1). In addition, the large-scale pool is arranged on the ground floor and front of the main building to increase the waterscape of the entire Capitol complex. The main entrance is located in the southeast and is connected to Le Corbusier‘s famous “Open Hand” sculpture square, which is integrated into a public space area (Figure 2).

Second, It is not only a place to collect knowledge,but also a place to explore the future. On the second floor of the building, eight flexible, versatile and friendly knowledge units (Figure 3). The in-between units is semi-outdoor space where you can experience the spark of inspiration from different knowledge. The building skin is made up of many reading cubes (Figure 4—6).

Third, The scheme shows a smart way to make the real building connecting the virtual one through QR code as the medium. The QR code pattern consisting of the reading cube on the building roof represents the Chandigarh Museum of Knowledge,and of course it can be set as the website address.

Fourth, On the satellite map, the QR code pattern provides the possibility of virtual and realistic connections. It would be very easily to get the virtual information of the building through scanning the building roof with the QR code reading app on your smart phone (Figure 7).

Nearly 100 years ago, Le Corbusier advocated“Towards a New Architecture”. Today, what is the new architecture in the digital age? This is a challenge for contemporary architects. The scheme “QR Code Architecture” explores a possibility in this regard.

圖2 / Figure 2二維碼建筑與自由手雕塑QR Code Architecture and Open Hand Sculpture

圖3 / Figure 3二維碼建筑各層平面圖Plans of QR Code Architecture

圖4 / Figure 4二維碼建筑立面Facade of QR Code Architecture

圖5 / Figure 5二維碼建筑入口立面Entrance Facade of QR Code Architecture

圖6 / Figure 6二維碼建筑剖面圖Section of QR Code Architecture

圖7 / Figure 7二維碼建筑總圖Master Plan of QR Code Architecture