葉小燕
摘?要:詞匯學(xué)習(xí)是語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)中的重要環(huán)節(jié),詞匯復(fù)習(xí)教學(xué)是高中英語(yǔ)教學(xué)的重要組成部分。在新課程改革的背景下,秉持著核心素養(yǎng)的基本要求,探索有效的高中英語(yǔ)詞匯復(fù)習(xí)的學(xué)習(xí)策略和方法具有極重要的意義,這對(duì)提高學(xué)生的詞匯學(xué)習(xí)和運(yùn)用能力,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生英語(yǔ)綜合能力大有裨益。
關(guān)鍵詞:詞匯復(fù)習(xí);高中英語(yǔ);核心素養(yǎng);策略;方法
中圖分類號(hào):G633.41文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A ????文章編號(hào):1992-7711(2018)24-073-2
詞匯是構(gòu)成語(yǔ)言的基本要素,是語(yǔ)音、語(yǔ)法和語(yǔ)義的直接體現(xiàn),是進(jìn)行思維和交際的工具之一。詞匯量的大小制約著學(xué)習(xí)者聽、說(shuō)、讀、寫能力的發(fā)展,直接影響著學(xué)生英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)興趣和其綜合語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力的提高。筆者下面以牛津高中英語(yǔ)模塊2第二單元的詞匯復(fù)習(xí)課為例,談?wù)勅绾斡行нM(jìn)行詞匯復(fù)習(xí)。
一、教材分析
本單元的教學(xué)內(nèi)容是牛津高中英語(yǔ)模塊2第二單元的詞匯復(fù)習(xí)課,該單元的主題是有關(guān)旅游景點(diǎn)的介紹。本堂課是繼Reading和Project兩篇文章學(xué)習(xí)結(jié)束后的詞匯復(fù)習(xí)課。這一課生詞主要涉及的是Reading文中有關(guān)南非介紹的相關(guān)詞匯以及Project中有關(guān)香格里拉介紹的詞匯。此外還有些許詞匯是來(lái)源于Word power, grammar以及task部分。
二、學(xué)情分析
高一第一學(xué)期后半階段的學(xué)生經(jīng)過(guò)近2個(gè)多月的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí),已逐漸適應(yīng)了高中英語(yǔ)詞匯學(xué)習(xí)的強(qiáng)度,詞匯積累達(dá)到一定的水平,基本的口語(yǔ)表達(dá)和組織能力相較于初中階段獲得了一定的提高。但是很多學(xué)生對(duì)于詞匯學(xué)習(xí)的熱情并沒有很高漲,這源于詞匯記憶的枯燥與機(jī)械化。因此,教師在詞匯復(fù)習(xí)課的設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中須重視在課堂上調(diào)動(dòng)全體學(xué)生共同參與到課堂中,激發(fā)他們對(duì)詞匯學(xué)習(xí)的積極性。
三、教學(xué)目標(biāo)
1)通過(guò)本堂課的詞匯復(fù)習(xí),有關(guān)南非各景點(diǎn)以及香格里拉介紹的相關(guān)詞匯能夠靈活運(yùn)用
2)鍛煉學(xué)生的英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)表達(dá)能力,調(diào)動(dòng)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)興趣
3)培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的創(chuàng)造性思維的能力和合作精神
四、教學(xué)步驟
Step 1 Warmingup
Show students several pictures related to adventurous sports and give them a certain definition of the word “adventure”—— an unusual, extraordinary or dangerous experience, journey or series of events. Then the teacher shares her own adventurous experience in 2013, cycling around the Qinghai Lake in 5 days, to arouse students'?interest in adventurous activities. During the sharing presentation, related vocabulary like arrange, adventure, flight, tent, cycle, helmet, photograph will be taken as language input in this part. A question about the items a traveler will take will be posed to the students: what items should be taken to make a travel more comfortable? 12 pictures will be presented to all of them and students are required to tell the names of the pictures respectively.
設(shè)計(jì)意圖:由教師向?qū)W生展示幾張與“冒險(xiǎn)”相關(guān)的活動(dòng)圖片,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生對(duì)單詞“adventure”進(jìn)行理解,借此讓學(xué)生進(jìn)行口語(yǔ)表達(dá)。接著由教師自己通過(guò)實(shí)踐經(jīng)歷講述她的冒險(xiǎn)故事,進(jìn)一步加深學(xué)生們對(duì)“冒險(xiǎn)”含義的理解。在學(xué)生表達(dá)的過(guò)程中,涉及到的相關(guān)詞匯,如“arrange, adventure, flight, tent, cycle, helmet, photograph”會(huì)不斷地進(jìn)行輸入與強(qiáng)調(diào),達(dá)到復(fù)習(xí)的效果。這一過(guò)程不僅僅激發(fā)了學(xué)生意圖口語(yǔ)表達(dá)的渴望,同時(shí)也強(qiáng)化了他們對(duì)于已學(xué)詞匯知識(shí)點(diǎn)的鞏固與復(fù)習(xí)。
Step 2 Adventure in Africa
Students in this period will be required to do a general revision of the reading text based on the travelling route of Toby from Sahara Desert to the last destination Himalayas. For each tourist spot, the teacher will present the students with 1 to 2 pictures. The most important step for this part is that students are asked to introduce each tourist spot with their own words by the word clues given by the teacher.
設(shè)計(jì)意圖:教師引導(dǎo)學(xué)生回顧Reading課文,通過(guò)幾張簡(jiǎn)易的圖片讓學(xué)生回顧課文主人公Toby的非洲之旅。輸入形式通過(guò)語(yǔ)篇填詞的形式呈現(xiàn)。舉一例如下:
Sahara Desert:
After we take a flight to Morocco, we will ride ?through the , which is the biggest desert in the world. No doubt that it is dry, hot and ?there. Lots of people say that there is no ?during the day, and we may have the chance to see quite ?stars at night.
Step 3 Let's get to know Shangrila better
In this part, students are guided to do an interview about Shangrila by using the vocabulary they have learnt in the class. Before the interview, the teacher will lead them to have a general understanding of how to get to know a tourist spot from the aspects of location, scenery, eating, people living there, transportation, weather and so on.
Students are needed to work in pairs, one acting as the journalist, the other the interviewee (locals living in Shangrila).
Words for reference
location & weatherview & peoplestory of its origin
southwest, highway, tourist spot, weather, mildsunshine, beauty, reflect, diamond surrounding, cattle, wander, harmonyclassic, novel, kingdom, publish announce, officially
Questions for reference
1. Can you tell me where is Shangrila exactly located?
2. What is the weather like here? The average temperature?
3. What can we see in Shangrila? The mountains? The rivers? How about the natural beauty?
4. What is the life like for the locals? What food do you like to eat?
5. Do you know the origin of the word Shangrila? Can you describe the story behind it?
設(shè)計(jì)意圖:該環(huán)節(jié)充分發(fā)揮了學(xué)生的主觀能動(dòng)性。教師要求學(xué)生以一對(duì)一的合作模式,一名學(xué)生充當(dāng)記者,另一名學(xué)生則為香格里拉的當(dāng)?shù)鼐用?。記者采訪的目的是想要更多地了解旅游勝地香格里拉。學(xué)生在練習(xí)之前,教師將相關(guān)詞匯呈現(xiàn)于學(xué)生,以及所涉及的一部分問題預(yù)設(shè)給學(xué)生。預(yù)設(shè)問題的目的在于引導(dǎo)學(xué)生使用已學(xué)詞匯學(xué)以致用。
Step 4 Word puzzle game
The rest of the vocabulary of Unite 2 is as follows: cage, explore, temple, altogether, tower, crane, endless, afterwards, schedule, sleeve, cheek, bury. The teacher designs a crossword search puzzle for them to complete.
設(shè)計(jì)意圖:該單元詞匯大多數(shù)與旅行經(jīng)歷和旅游勝地有關(guān)。在經(jīng)歷過(guò)前面3個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)的教學(xué)活動(dòng),學(xué)生對(duì)于該單元的Reading和project的理解更為深入透徹。剩下的詞匯取自于其他兩個(gè)模塊:task & grammar,分別是由幾個(gè)小短故事引申出來(lái)。這些詞匯看似有些零散,記憶難度并不大。因此采用字謎圖的游戲方式讓學(xué)生進(jìn)行頭腦風(fēng)暴,能夠幫助學(xué)生鞏固新舊知識(shí)的同時(shí)獲得樂趣。
四、小結(jié)
本課的教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)主要是圍繞如何進(jìn)行單元詞匯復(fù)習(xí)的教學(xué)。教師在整體設(shè)計(jì)上精心地考慮了該如何充分調(diào)動(dòng)學(xué)生積極地參與。教師設(shè)計(jì)的情景和活動(dòng)不僅僅要貼合課文的主題,還要貼近學(xué)生的日常生活實(shí)際以及他們現(xiàn)有的認(rèn)知水平。
本堂詞匯課教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)的重點(diǎn)是引導(dǎo)學(xué)生運(yùn)用所學(xué)詞匯,這也完全契合了詞匯復(fù)習(xí)的宗旨以及核心素養(yǎng)要求下的英語(yǔ)詞匯教學(xué)。學(xué)生對(duì)于反復(fù)枯燥的機(jī)械式記憶有排斥心理,教師采用詞匯的運(yùn)用性原則,將創(chuàng)設(shè)情景和英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)表達(dá)完美結(jié)合在一起,可以提高學(xué)生的感知效應(yīng),激發(fā)他們口語(yǔ)表達(dá)的欲望;同時(shí),情景教學(xué)法、語(yǔ)篇教學(xué)以及模擬訪談的方法,將所學(xué)詞匯聯(lián)系在一起,有助于學(xué)生對(duì)于詞匯的強(qiáng)化記憶,增加詞匯的復(fù)現(xiàn)率,從而達(dá)到詞匯活學(xué)活用的教學(xué)目標(biāo)。
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