閱讀理解中的“寫作目的”真題演練

舒清海 李華軍

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

（浙江卷）

Central Park

Outside among the trees， watch the wildlife —— both the human and animal varieties. Call（212）360-3465 or（212）360 -2726 for daily events and tours. Central Park stretches from 59th to 110th Sts. ， and from 5th Ave. to Central Park West.

Empire State building

This is among the most striking buildings in the city， the nation， even the world. The observation deck（瞭望臺）on the 86th floor is open to general public， offering a wonderful view of the city. On the second floor youll find the New York Skyride， a simulated（模擬的）helicopter ride over Manhattan. 5th Ave. at 34th St. ， Midtown/（212）736-3100.

Intrepid Sea-Air-Space Museum

Five blocks west of Time Square， this museum has hundreds of air， deep-sea and space exhibits. Walk the fight deck of the 900-foot-long aircraft carrier Intrepid， see dozens of old and modern aircraft and ride the Intrepid Navy Flight Simulator. Pier 86， W. 46th St. and 12th Ave./（212）245-0072.

Madison Square Garden

If its big， it probably happens at the Garden. Check out sporting events， concerts and much more. Tours are available. 7th Ave. ， btwn. 31st and 33rd Sts.， Midtown /（212）465-6741.

1. What is the New York Skyride used for？

A. Sightseeing. B. Fight training.

C. Model plane sports. D. City transportation.

2. What is the purpose of these texts？

A. To provide information of living in New York.

B. To provide directions of city traffic in New York.

C. To give visitors a guide to New York.

D. To give a brief introduction to the history of New York.

（江蘇卷）Su Hua is studying at Cambridge， UK. She has bought a bicycle and is worried about security（安全）. Her friend， Kate， found this article and sent it to her.

Introduction

A lot of crime is against bicycles. About 150，000 bicycles are stolen every year and most are never found. You can prevent this happening by following a few careful steps.

Basic Security

Do not leave your bicycle in out-of-the-way places. Always lock your bicycle when you leave. Secure it to lampposts or trees. Take off smaller parts and take them with you， for example lights and saddles （車座）.

Locks

Get a good lock. There are many different types in the shops. Buy one that has been tested against attack. Ask for a recommendation from a bike shop.

Marking

Security marking your bike can act as a deterrent to a thief. It can also help the police find your bicycle. It should be clearly written and include your postcode and your house or flat number. This will provide a simple way to identify your bicycle.

Registration

There are a number of companies who will security mark your bicycle for you. They will then put your registration number and personal details on their computer database. Then if your bicycle is found it will be easy to contact you.

Finally

Keep a record of the bicycle yourself： its make， model and registration number. You can even take a photograph of it. This will prove the bicycle belongs to you.

1. Which part of the text gives you information on how to lock up your bicycle when you leave it？

A. Locks. B. Marking.

C. Registration. D. Basic Security.

2. What does the underlined phrase“act as a deterrent to a thief”mean？

A. Help you recognize your bike.

B. Help the police find your bicycle.

C. Stop someone stealing your bicycle.

D. Stop you worrying about your bike.

3. What is the main purpose of this article？

A. To tell you what to do if your bicycle is stolen.

B. To suggest ways of keeping your bicycle safe.

C. To give you advice on where to buy a good lock.

D. To say why you shouldnt keep your bicycle in a quiet place.s

（北京卷）EP Portable Heater

We all know that the cost of heating our homes will continue to be a significant burden on the family budget. Now millions of people are saving on their heating bills with the EP portable heater. With over one million satisfied customers around the world， the new EP heats better and faster， saves more on heating bills， and runs almost silent.

The EP has no exposed heating parts that can cause a fire. The outside of EP only gets warm to the touch so that it will not burn children or pets.

The EP will not reduce oxygen in the room. With other heaters， youll notice that you get sleepy when the heat comes on because they are burning up oxygen.

The advanced EP also heats the room evenly， wall to wall and floor to ceiling. It comfortably covers an area up to 350 square feet. Other heaters heat rooms unevenly with most of the heat concentrated to the center of the room. And they only heat an area a few feet around the heater. With the EP， the temperature will not vary in any part of the room.

The EP comes with a 3-year warranty（保修）and a 60-day， no questions asked， satisfaction guarantee. If you are not totally satisfied， return it at our expense and your money will be given back to you.

Now， we have a special offer for 10 days， during which you can enjoy a half price discount and a free delivery. If you order after that， we reserve the right to either accept or reject order requests at the discounted price.

Take action right now！

1. What is mainly discussed in paragraph 2？

A. The heat of the EP. B. The safety of the EP.

C. The appearance of the EP. D. The material of the EP.

2. What does the underlined word“evenly”in Paragraph 4 probably mean？

A. Continuously. B. Separately.

C. Quickly. D. Equally.

3. What is the main purpose of the passage？

A. To persuade people to buy the product.

B. To advise people to save on heating bills.

C. To report the new development of portable heaters.

D. To compare the functions of different heart brands.

（重慶卷）There have always been a lot of commonly believed but false ideas about being fat and doing exercise. Some people believe that they cant help putting on weight as they get older， while others hold that if they stop exercising， their muscles will turn into fat. Here are some more myths：

Ill never lose weight——I come from a fat family

Wrong！While we cant change the body type we are born with， we cant blame our genes for making us fat. Theres plenty of evidence that fatness runs in families， and the main reason is that they share the same habits of eating too much and exercise too little.

I am fat because I burn calories slowly

Wrong！Fatness is not caused by a slow metabolism （新陳代謝）. If fact， although fat people consume more energy than slim people， they also fail to realize how much they eat！Keeping a diary can help you work out your daily food intake more accurately.

Exercise is boring

Wrong！Anything will become boring if you do it repetitively. The key is to develop a balanced and varied program thats fun as well as progressive. If you enjoy a Sunday walk， take a different route. If you do Yoga， try a tai chi class. If you like swimming， set yourself a distance or time challenge.

No pain， no gain

Wrong！Exercise is not meant to hurt. Indeed， pain is your body telling you somethings wrong， and continuing to exercise could lead to serious injury. You may experience mild discomfort as you begin to exercise regularly， but this is your body adapting to the positive changes in your lifestyle and the aches should disappear relatively quickly. If they dont， rest and seek medical advice.

1. What does the author think about being fat？

A. It is the family genes that make people fat.

B. People are fat because they consume too little energy.

C. A diary of exercise can prevent people from becoming fat.

D. It is the consequence of peoples unbalanced lifestyle.

2. What is the authors opinion about“No pain， no gain” in exercising？

A. Keeping fit is essentially a painful experience.

B. Exercise should be stopped if continuous pain is felt.

C. Pain in exercise is a precondition for reaching your goal.

D. Getting used to pain leads to positive changes in your body.

3. What is the purpose of the passage？

A. To declare the importance of keeping fit.

B. To clarify some misconceptions about fatness and exercise.

C. To confirm what has long been believed about keeping fit.

D. To explain some medical facts about being fat and doing exercise.

（江蘇卷）

Hi， everybody ！

Welcome to our newly-opened Richards Cinema Bookstore！

Now let me introduce to you some of the new film books in our store.

Are you Chinese film fans？ OK， here comes the latest 25 New Takes about Chinese films. It is a collection of 25 fresh readings of different Chinese films from the 1930s to the present. In recent years， Chinese films are very popular in the States， such as Crouching Tiger and Hidden Dragon， Hero， and Flowers of Shanghai.

Do you like French films？ Well， here is The French Cinema Book. It covers French films from the 1890s to the beginning of the 21st century. It is written for all lovers of French cinema： students and teachers， specialists and fans， and so on.

Maybe you are Indian film fans and star-chasers. Then here is Encyclopedia（百科全書）of Indian Cinema. The book is a complete introduction to all the best Indian films. It also offers a full list of names of the famous and successful film stars in the past ten years. You know， the Indian film industry is the largest in the world after our Hollywood.

If you like British films， we have The British Cinema Book. It is a good review of British cinema. This book contains a good many nice pictures.

In our bookstore， you can also find books about Mexican， Japanese， Australian， German and Italian films.

Well， please help yourselves to some coffee or tea， and have a good time here！

1. Who is the speaker of the passage likely to be？

A. The author of 25 New Takes.

B. A tourist in the cinema bookstore.

C. The manager of the cinema bookstore.

D. A reader of Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema.

2. How many Asian countries does the speaker refer to when he talks about the film books？

A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Nine.

3. What is the purpose of the speaker？

A. To satisfy the customersvarious tastes.

B. To keep the authors in the cinema bookstore.

C. To offer the tourists chances to meet the film stars.

D. To take the readers into film producers.

（北京卷）

December 15，2014

Dear Alfred，

I want to tell you how important your help is to my life.

Growing up， I had people telling me I was too slow， though， with an IQ of 150+ at 17， Im anything but stupid. The fact was that I was found to have ADHD （注意力缺陷多動障礙）. Anxious all the time， I was unable to keep focused for more than an hour at a time.

However， when something did interest me， I could become absorbed. In high school， I became curious about the computer， and built my first website. Moreover， I completed the senior course of Computer Basics， plus five relevant pre-college courses.

While I was exploring my curiosity， my disease got worse. I wanted to go to college after high school， but couldnt. So， I was killing my time at home until June 2012 when I discovered the online computer courses of your training center.

Since then， I have taken courses like Data Science and Advanced Mathematics. Currently， Im learning your Probability course. I have hundreds of printer paper， covered in self-written notes from your video. This has given me a purpose.

Last year， I spent all my time looking for a job where， without dealing with the public， I could work alone， but still have a team to talk to. Luckily， I discovered the job——Data Analyst——this month and have been going full steam ahead. I want to prove that I can teach myself a respectful profession， without going to college， and be just as good as， if not better than， my competitors.

Thank you. Youve given me hope that I can follow my heart. For the first time， I feel good about myself because Im doing something， not because someone told me I was doing good. I feel whole.

This is why youre saving my life.

Yours，

Tanis

1. Why didnt Tanis go to college after high school？

A. She had learned enough about computer science.

B. She had more difficulty keeping focused.

C. She preferred taking online courses.

D. She was too slow to learn.

2. What is the Taniss purpose in writing this letter？

A. To explain why she was interested in the computer.

B. To share the ideas she had for her profession.

C. To show how grateful she was to the center.

D. To describe the courses she had taken so far.

（重慶卷）Since many of you are planning to study at a college or university in this country， you may be curious to know what you usually do in a typical week， how you can get along with your fellow students， and so on. These are the questions I want to discuss with you today.

First， lets talk about what your weekly schedule will look like. No matter what your major may be， you can expect to spend between four and six hours a week for each class attending lectures. Lectures are usually in very large rooms because some courses such as introduction to sociology （社會學(xué)） or economics often have as many as two or three hundred students， especially at large universities. In lectures， its very important for you to take notes on what the professor says because the information a lecture is often different from the information in your textbooks. Also， you can expect to have exam questions based on the lectures. So it isnt enough to just read your textbooks； you have to attend lectures as well. In a typical week you will also have a couple of hours of discussion for every class you take. The discussion section is a small group meeting usually with fewer than thirty students where you can ask questions about the lectures， the reading， and the homework. In large universities， graduate students， called teaching assistants， usually direct discussion sections.

If your major is chemistry， or physics， or another science， youll also have to spend several hours a week in the lab， or laboratory， doing experiments. This means that science majors spend more time in the classroom than non-science majors do. On the other hand， people who major in subjects like literature or history usually have to read and write more than science majors do.

1. What is the main purpose of this text？

A. To help the students to learn about university life.

B. To persuade the students to attend lectures.

C. To encourage the students to take part in discussions.

D. To advise the students to choose proper majors.

2. According to the author， which of the following is TRUE about science majors ？

A. They have to work harder than non-science majors.

B. They spend less time on their studies than non-science majors.

C. They consider experiments more important than discussions.

D. They read and write less than non-science majors.

（重慶卷）There is no better way to enjoy Scottish traditions than going fishing and tasting a little bit whisky （威士忌） at a quiet place like the Inverlochy Castle. When Queen Victoria visited the castle in 1873 she wrote in her diary， “I never saw a lovelier spot.” And she didnt even go fishing.

Scotland is not easily defined. In certain moments， this quiet land of lakes and grasses and mountains changes before your very eyes. When evening gently sweeps the hillside into orange light， the rivers， teeming with fish， can turn into streams of gold. As you settle down with just a fishing pole and a basket on the bank of River Orchy， near the Inverlochy Castle， any frustration （煩惱） will float away as gently as the circling water. Its just you and purple， pink， white flowers， seeking a perfect harmony. If you are a new comer to fishing， learning the basics from a fishing guide may leave you with a lifetimes fun. Four many， fishing is more than a sport； it is an art.

Scotland offers interesting places where you can rest after a long days fishing. Set against a wild mountain and hidden behind woodland， the beautiful Inverlochy Castle Hotel below the Nevis is a perfect place to see the beauty of Scotlands mountains. Ben Nevis is the highest of all British mountains， and reaching its 1343-metre top is a challenge. But its not just what goes up that matters； what comes down is unique. More than 900 metres high， on the mountains north face， lies an all-important source of pure water. Its name comes from the Gaelic language “usquebaugh” or “water of life”； And it is the single most important ingredient （原料） in Scotlands best known drink： whisky.

1. The story of Queen Victoria is to show that __________.

A. the queen is rich in tour experience

B. the Castle is a good place to go in Scotland

C. tasting whisky is better than going fishing

D.1873 is a special year for the Queen

2. How is Paragraph 2 mainly developed？

A. By giving descriptions.

B. By following time order.

C. By analyzing causes.

D. By making comparisons.

3. What is the main purpose of the passage？

A. To introduce Scottish traditions to tourists.

B. To show the attractions of Scotland to readers.

C. To explore geographical characteristics of Scotland.

D. To describe the pleasure of life in Scotland.

（重慶卷）It is widely known that any English conversation begins with The Weather. Such a fixation with the weather finds expression in Dr. Johnsons famous comment that“When two English meet， their first talk is of weather.” Though Johnsons observation is as accurate now as it was over two hundred years ago， most commentators fail to come up with a convincing explanation for this English weather-speak.

Bill Bryson， for example， concludes that， as the English weather is not at all exciting， the obsession with it can hardly be understood. He argues that “To an outsider， the most striking thing about the English weather is that there is not very much of it.” Simply， the reason is that the unusual and unpredictable weather is almost unknown in the British Isles.

Jeremy Paxman， however， disagrees with Bryson， arguing that the English weather is by nature attractive. Bryson is wrong， he says， because the English preference for the weather has nothing to do with the natural phenomena.“The interest is less in the phenomena themselves， but in uncertainty.” According to him， the weather in England is very changeable and uncertain and it attracts the English as well as the outsider.

Bryson and Paxman stand for common misconceptions about the weather-speak among the English. Both commentators， somehow， are missing the point. The English weather conversation is not really about the weather at all. English weather-speak is a system of signs， which is developed to help the speakers overcome the natural reserve and actually talk to each other. Everyone knows conversations starting with weather-speak are not requests for weather data. Rather， they are routine greetings， conversation starters or the blank “fillers”. In other words， English weather-speak is a means of social bonding.

1. The author mentions Dr. Johnsons comment to show that __________.

A. most commentators agree with Dr. Johnson

B. Dr. Johnson is famous for his weather observation

C. the comment was accurate two hundred years ago

D. English conversations usually start with the weather

2. What does the underlined word “obsession” most probably refer to？

A. A social trend.

B. An emotional state.

C. A historical concept.

D. An unknown phenomenon.

3. What is the authors main purpose of writing the passage？

A. To explain what English weather-speak is about.

B. To analyse misconceptions about the English weather.

C. To find fault with both Bill Bryson and Jeremy Paxman.

D. To convince people that the English weather is changeable.

（重慶卷）Sports can help you keep fit and get in touch with nature. However， whether you are on the mountains， in the waves， or on the grassland， you should be aware that your sport of choice might have great influence on the environment.

Some sports are resource-hungry. Golf， as you may know， eats up not only large areas of countryside， but also tons of water. Besides， all sorts of chemicals and huge amounts of energy are used to keep its courses（球場）in good condition. This causes major environmental effects. For example， in the dry regions of Portugal and Spain， golf is often held responsible for serious water shortage in some local areas.

There are many environment-friendly sports. Power walking is one of them that you could take up today. You dont need any special equipment except a good pair of shoes； and you dont have to worry about resources and your purse. Simple and free， power walking can also keep you fit. If you walk regularly， it will be good for your heart and bones. Experts say that 20 minutes of power walking daily can make you feel less anxious， sleep well and have better weight control.

Whatever sport you take up， you can make it greener by using environment-friendly equipment and buying products made from recycled materials. But the final goal should be “green gyms”. They are better replacements for traditional health clubs and modern sports centers. Members of green gyms play sports outdoors， in the countryside or other open spaces. There is no special requirement for you to start your membership. And best of all， its free.

1. Which of the following is the author most probably in favor of？

A. Cycling around a lake.

B. Motor racing in the desert.

C. Playing basketball in a gym.

D. Swimming in a sports center.

2. Why does he author use power walking as an example？

A. Because it is an outdoor sport.

B. Because it improves our health.

C. Because it uses fewer resources.

D. Because it is recommended by experts.

3. What is the authors purpose in writing the passage？

A. To show us the function of major sports.

B. To encourage us to go in for green sports.

C. To discuss the major influence of popular sports.

D. To introduce different types of environment-friendly sports.

（重慶卷）Getting rid of dirt， in the opinion of most people， is a good thing. However， there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.

In the early 16th century， people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease， as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538， the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV， King of France， was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath， the king ordered that， to avoid the attack of disease， the nobleman should not go out.

Though the belief in the merit（優(yōu)點(diǎn)）of dirt was long-lived， dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking， cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet， it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War Ⅱ. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea： clothes need to be whiter than white， cloths ever softer， surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt， however， gone too far？

Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt， which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary， Mary Ruebush， an American immunologist（免疫學(xué)家）， encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter position is gaining some ground.

1. Which of the following best describes Henry IVs attitude to bathing？

A. Afraid. B. Curious.

C. Approving. D. Uninterested.

2. How does the passage mainly develop？

A. By providing examples.

B. By making comparisons.

C. By following the order of time.

D. By following the order of importance.

3. What is the authors purpose in writing the passage？

A. To stress the role of dirt.

B. To introduce the history of dirt.

C. To call attention to the danger of dirt.

D. To present the change of views on dirt.

（重慶卷）To take the apple as a forbidden fruit is the most unlikely story the Christians （基督教徒） have ever cooked up. For them， the forbidden fruit from Eden is evil （邪惡的）. So when Columbus brought the tomato back from South America， a land mistakenly considered to be Eden， everyone jumped to the obvious conclusion. Wrongly taken as the apple of Eden， the tomato was shut out of the door of Europeans.

What made it particularly terrifying was its similarity to the mandrake， a plant that was thought to have come from Hell （地獄）. What earned the plant its awful reputation was its roots which looked like a dried-up human body occupied by evil spirits. Though the tomato and the mandrake were quite different except that both had bright red or yellow fruit， the general population considered them one and the same， too terrible to touch.

Cautious Europeans long ignored the tomato， and until the early 1700s most of the Western people continued to drag their feet. In the 1880s， the daughter of a well-known plant expert wrote that the most interesting part of an afternoon tea at her fathers house had been the “introduction of this wonderful new fruit——or is it a vegetable？” As late as the twentieth century some writers still classed tomatoes with mandrakes as an “evil fruit”.

But in the end tomatoes carried the day. The hero of the tomato was an American named Robert Johnson， and when he was publicly going to eat the tomato in 1820， people journeyed for hundreds of miles to watch him drop dead. “What are you afraid of？” he shouted. “Ill show you fools that these things are good to eat！” Then he bit into the tomato. Some people fainted. But he survived and， according to a local story， set up a tomato-canning factory.

1. What can we infer the underlined part in Paragraph 3 ？

A. The process of ignoring the tomato slowed down.

B. There was little progress in the study of the tomato.

C. The tomato was still refused in most western countries.

D. Most western people continued to get rid of the tomato.

2. What is the main reason for Robert Johnson to eat the tomato publicly ？

A. To make himself a hero.

B. To remove peoples fear of the tomato.

C. To speed up the popularity of the tomato.

D. To persuade people to buy products from his factory.

3. What is the main purpose of the passage？

A. To challenge peoples fixed concepts of the tomato.

B. To give an explanation to peoples dislike of the tomato.

C. To present the change of peoples attitudes to the tomato.

D. To show the process of freeing the tomato from religious influence.

答案與點(diǎn)撥

（一）本文是廣告類閱讀，主要介紹了紐約幾處景點(diǎn)的相關(guān)信息，包括中央公園、帝國大廈、無畏號海空博物館和麥迪遜廣場花園。

1. A 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由the New York Skyride可定位到第二則廣告，再根據(jù)第二句The observation deck （瞭望臺） on the 86th floor is open to general public， offering a wonderful view of the city. 可知，Skyride是用于觀光的，故選A。

2. C 寫作目的題。本文主要介紹了紐約幾處景點(diǎn)的相關(guān)信息，其目的是給游客提供紐約旅游指南，故選C。

（二）本文為說明文，本文就如何保護(hù)自己的自行車不被盜竊提了五條建議。

1. D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由Always lock your bicycle when you leave. Secure it to lampposts or trees. 可知，在Basic Security這部分中給了我們關(guān)于離開時鎖自行車的信息，故選D。

2. C 推理判斷題。由下文的“It can also help the police find your bicycle.”可推斷出它既是一種防止小偷偷車的方法，也是幫助警察找車的方法，選項(xiàng)C正確。此外，我們也可根據(jù)生活常識推斷，在自行車上做安全標(biāo)記，對于小偷來說當(dāng)然是起到了防盜作用，換句話說，這么做的目的是為了“防止有人偷你的自行車”。

3. B 寫作目的題。文章第一段提到了蘇華買了一輛自行車，她非常擔(dān)心自行車的安全，她的朋友就給她發(fā)了一篇關(guān)于保障自行車安全的文章，文章主要就如何保護(hù)自己的自行車不被盜竊提了五條建議，即本文的主要目的是建議保證你自行車安全的方法，故選B。

（三）本文是一則廣告，主要介紹了EP便捷式取暖器的優(yōu)點(diǎn)及特色。

1. B 段落大意題。由第二段內(nèi)容可知，EP便捷式取暖器沒有外露的加熱部件，不會引起火災(zāi)。只有在觸碰時EP取暖器外部才會發(fā)熱，所以不會燙傷小孩或?qū)櫸?。由此可見，本段主要講EP便捷式取暖器的安全性，故選B。

2. D 推理判斷題。由第四段最后一句“With the EP， the temperature will not vary in any part of the room.”可知，EP取暖器能夠使房間內(nèi)任何地方的溫度都是一樣的。換言之，這種取暖器能夠使房間均勻受熱，因此evenly在此處理解為“均勻地”，故選D。

3. A 寫作目的題。由文章最后兩段，特別是最后一句“Take action right now！”可知，本文是一則廣告，廣告的目的是吸引讀者來購買這款產(chǎn)品，故選A。

（四）本文主要闡明了關(guān)于肥胖和鍛煉的幾個誤區(qū)。

1. D 作者觀點(diǎn)題。由第二段最后一句“and the main reason is that they share the same habits of eating too much and exercise too little.”可知，作者認(rèn)為肥胖跟不平衡的生活方式有關(guān)，故選D。

2. B 作者觀點(diǎn)題。由最后一段第三句“Indeed， pain is your body telling you somethings wrong， and continuing to exercise could lead to serious injury.”可知，如果在鍛煉過程中感受到疼痛還繼續(xù)鍛煉會對身體造成嚴(yán)重的傷害。由此可推斷，如果當(dāng)身體感到持續(xù)的疼痛就要停止鍛煉，故選B。

3. B 寫作目的題。由第一段第一句“There have always been a lot of commonly believed but false ideas about being fat and doing exercise.”可知，對于肥胖和鍛煉一直存在著許多人普遍相信卻是錯誤的觀點(diǎn)，接著文章講了四個這樣的錯誤觀點(diǎn)并逐一澄清。因此這篇文章的目的是想澄清關(guān)于肥胖和鍛煉的一些錯誤觀念，故選B。

（五）本文主要介紹了全世界各地有關(guān)電影方面的書籍，以滿足不同讀者的口味。

1. C 推理判斷題。題目問的是：誰可能是這篇文章的演講者？由第二段Welcome to our newly-opened Richards Cinema Bookstore！及下文描述，再結(jié)合答案選項(xiàng)，可推斷演講者可能是電影書店的經(jīng)理，故答案選C。

2. B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。該題問的是文中提到幾個亞洲國家，我們只要數(shù)一數(shù)即可。文中提到的國家有：Chinese-China，F(xiàn)rench-France，Indian-India，British-Britain，Mexican-Mexico，Japanese-Japan，Australian-Australia，German-Germany，Itlian-Itlia。其中是歐洲的有：France，Britain，Germany，Itlia；Mexico是美洲的；Australia是大洋洲的；屬于亞洲的有：China，India，Japan。故選項(xiàng)B正確。

3. A 寫作目的題。文章問的是演講者的目的是什么？電影書店的經(jīng)理向大家介紹了全世界各地的書籍，目的顯然是為了吸引顧客，滿足顧客的不同需求。B“把顧客留在電影書店里”，雖說演講者的其中一個目的是想留住顧客，但演講者主要還是想吸引新的顧客，所以B答案過于片面；C“提供顧客見電影明星的機(jī)會”和D“讓讀者做電影制片商”明顯不符合文意，故答案選A。

（六）因患有注意力缺陷多動障礙而無法上大學(xué)的作者在網(wǎng)上發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個教育中心的計(jì)算機(jī)培訓(xùn)課程，從而使她能夠像正常人一樣學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)算機(jī)課程，并因此改變了她的生活。

1. B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段最后兩句“The fact was that I was found to have ADHD... I was unable to keep focused for more than an hour at a time.”可知，“我”患有注意力缺陷多動障礙，不能集中注意力超過一個小時；再結(jié)合第四段第一、二句“... my disease got worse. I wanted to go to college after high school， but couldnt.”可知，“我”本想在高中后去上大學(xué)，但“我”的病情加重了，因此注意力更難以集中了，故選項(xiàng)B正確。

2. C 寫作目的題。由文章的第一段“I want to tell you how important your help is to my life.”及倒數(shù)第二段的“Thank you.”可知，作者寫信的目的是想表達(dá)自己對該教育中心的感謝。A項(xiàng)“解釋她為何對電腦感興趣”；B項(xiàng)“分享她關(guān)于自己職業(yè)的觀點(diǎn)”；D項(xiàng)“描述她目前為止所上過的課程”均不是寫信的目的，故選C。

（七）本文主要介紹了大學(xué)的每周日程安排及專業(yè)課程學(xué)習(xí)的相關(guān)內(nèi)容，旨在幫助學(xué)生更好地了解大學(xué)生活。

1. A 寫作目的題。第一段提到，許多人或許會對在大學(xué)一周的時間里通常會做些什么以及如何與你的同學(xué)相處等感到很好奇。這些就是“我”今天想要探討的問題。由此可見，本文的主要目的是幫助學(xué)生了解大學(xué)生活，故選A。B項(xiàng)和C項(xiàng)屬于文章的細(xì)節(jié)，不夠全面，因此不能入選；文章沒有涉及到如何選專業(yè)的問題，可排除D項(xiàng)。

2. D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由最后一段最后一句“On the other hand， people who major in subjects like literature or history usually have to read and write more than science majors do.”可知，文學(xué)專業(yè)或歷史專業(yè)的學(xué)生所讀所寫的東西通常比科學(xué)專業(yè)的學(xué)生要多，故選D。

（八）本文主要介紹了蘇格蘭的風(fēng)景及重要景點(diǎn)，旨在展示蘇格蘭的種種魅力。

1. B 推理判斷題。由第一段第一句中的“There is no better way to enjoy Scottish traditions ... at a quiet place like the Inverlochy Castle.”可知，作者用Queen Victoria的故事是來證明第一句話的，為了更好地說明Inverlochy Castle確實(shí)是個好地方，故選B。

2. A 篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。由第二段內(nèi)容可知，其主要描寫了在Inverlochy Castle釣魚時可以欣賞到的美麗景色，所使用的手法是描寫，故選A。

3. B 寫作目的題。本文主要介紹了蘇格蘭的風(fēng)景及重要景點(diǎn)，目的是想吸引游客到蘇格蘭旅游，所以本文主要是向讀者展示蘇格蘭的吸引人之處，故選B。

（九）本文分析了英國人為什么總是喜歡談?wù)撎鞖狻?/p>

1. D 作者意圖題。由第一段第一句“It is widely known that any English conversation begins with The Weather.”可知，眾所周知，英國人的任何對話都是以天氣開始的。因此引用Dr. Johnson的評論是為了舉例說明這一現(xiàn)象，故選D。

2. B 推理判斷題。由劃線詞所在句“as the English weather is not at all exciting， the obsession with it can hardly be understood.”可知，英國的天氣一點(diǎn)也不令人興奮，英國人對談?wù)撎鞖獾陌V迷，讓人很難理解。A項(xiàng)“一種社會趨勢”；B項(xiàng)“一種情緒狀態(tài)”；C項(xiàng)“一個歷史概念”；D項(xiàng)“一種未知的現(xiàn)象”，故選B。

3. A 寫作目的題。通讀全文可知，本文主要分析了英國人為什么總是喜歡談?wù)撎鞖?。作者在文中列出了兩個人對這一問題的誤解并在最后一段指出，英國人談?wù)撎鞖馐菓T常的問候語、開場白，這是社會聯(lián)系的一種方式，故選A。

（十）運(yùn)動可以幫助你保持健康和與接觸大自然，作者建議人們要多進(jìn)行環(huán)保的、不消耗資源的運(yùn)動。

1. A 作者觀點(diǎn)題。由全文內(nèi)容可知，作者主張的是環(huán)保型運(yùn)動，選項(xiàng)中符合環(huán)保型運(yùn)動的是環(huán)湖騎車，故選A。

2. C 作者意圖題。第三段首先提出：There are many environment-friendly sports.（有很多環(huán)境友好型的運(yùn)動），然后介紹“Power walking is one of them that you could take up today. You dont need any special equipment except a good pair of shoes； and you dont have to worry about resources and your purse.（快走運(yùn)動除了一雙好鞋，不需要任何特殊器材；也不用擔(dān)心資源和你的錢包）”，所以作者用power walking為例是因?yàn)樗妮^少的能源，故選C。

3. B 寫作目的題。文章開頭提到人們選擇的運(yùn)動對環(huán)境產(chǎn)生巨大影響，然后以高爾夫?yàn)槔榻B了消耗資源的運(yùn)動項(xiàng)目，接著由以快走運(yùn)動為例介紹了環(huán)境友好型的運(yùn)動，最后一段又提到無論是何種運(yùn)動，你都可以通過使用環(huán)保的器材，購買可循環(huán)材料制造的產(chǎn)品來使這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動更環(huán)保。由此可見，文章的目的是想鼓勵人們參加綠色的運(yùn)動，故選B。

（十一）本文以時間為順序主要講述了人們對待污垢的態(tài)度。

1. A 推理判斷題。由第二段最后兩句“Henry IV， King of France， was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath， the king ordered that， to avoid the attack of disease， the nobleman should not go out.”可知，法國國王Henry IV是出了名的臟，他聽說有個貴族洗了澡，就下令其不得外出，以免疾病侵襲。由此可見，Henry IV對于洗澡的態(tài)度是“害怕的（afraid）”，故選A。

2. C 篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。由“In the early 16th century（16世紀(jì)早期）”“since the 18th century（18世紀(jì)）”“nowadays（現(xiàn)在）”等時間可看出文章是按照時間順序發(fā)展的，故選C。

3. D 寫作目的題。第一段第二句“However， there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.”為文章的主題句，即“人們對于污垢的態(tài)度不是一成不變的”，接著文章分別講了16世紀(jì)早期、18世紀(jì)以及現(xiàn)在的人們對污垢的態(tài)度，由此可見作者寫這篇文章的目的是呈現(xiàn)人們對于污垢的態(tài)度的變化，故選D。

（十二）本文主要講述了西紅柿從最開始被認(rèn)為是“邪惡的水果”到最終被接受的過程。

1. C 推理判斷題。由劃線部分的前半句“Cautious Europeans long ignored the tomato”可知，謹(jǐn)慎的歐洲人長時間忽視西紅柿；再結(jié)合劃線部分的中的“continued”可推斷，西紅柿在很多西方國家仍然是不被接受的，故選C。

2. B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由最后一段中Robert Johnson所說的話“What are you afraid of？”“Ill show you fools that these things are good to eat！” 可知，Robert Johnson當(dāng)眾吃下西紅柿是為了消除人們對它的恐懼，故選B。

3. C 寫作目的題。本文主要講述了西紅柿從最開始被認(rèn)為是“邪惡的水果”到最終被接受的過程。即本文主要展示了人們對西紅柿的態(tài)度的變化，故選C。

責(zé)任編輯 蔣小青