高考“動詞的時態(tài)”常見考點解讀

徐霞

從近幾年各省的高考試題，我們不難看出其考點主要分布在動詞時態(tài)基本用法和已混時態(tài)的比較，以及特定情景和特定句式中時態(tài)運用，除了掌握時態(tài)基本概念和表現(xiàn)形式，還要特別強化具體語境中的活用。

時態(tài)考點及高考

一、一般過去時和過去進行時比較

一般過去時強調(diào)動作結(jié)束，而過去進行時對過去某時刻正在進行或過去某一階段持續(xù)的動作

— Did you watch the basketball match yesterday？

— Yes， I did， You know， my brother __ in the match .

A. is play B. was playing C. has played D. had played

解讀：根據(jù)yesterday可知，動作發(fā)生在過去，答語“當時我兄弟正在打這場比賽”，選B

二、一般過去時，現(xiàn)在完成時與過去完成時比較

一般過去時表過去發(fā)生的動作，常和明確的時間狀語連用；現(xiàn)在完成時表動作發(fā)生在過去，且對現(xiàn)在有影響，即過去為因現(xiàn)在為果；而過去完成時強調(diào)某動作發(fā)生在過去在另一個動作前就已經(jīng)完成，即“過去的過去”。

1. We first met on a train in 2000. We both felt immediately that we ___ each other for years.

A. knew B. have known C. had known D. know

解讀：For years 是完成時的時間狀語，know是在met前.選C

2. I dont believe youve already finished reading the book — I __ it to you this morning！

A. would lend B. was lending C. had lent D. lent

解讀：從句中this morning可知用過去時，表示“我今天早晨才借給你這本書”. 選D

三、現(xiàn)在進行時與完成進行時的比較

現(xiàn)在進行時表正在進行的動作；而完成進行時表從過去某一時間開始一直持續(xù)到說話時停止或仍繼續(xù)進行的動作。

1. Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at a Night School， where she___ English for a year.

A. studies B. studied C .is studying D. has been studying

解讀：study動作到目前還在進行中，for a year又是完成時態(tài)時間狀語，選D

2. — Did you find the missing tourists in the mountains yesterday？

— No， but we ___ to get in touch with them ever since.

A. ha tried B. have been trying C. ha tried D. ha been trying

解讀：答語中“No”和”ever since”可知，用現(xiàn)在完成進行時表示“一直和他們設(shè)法聯(lián)系”。選B

四、時態(tài)的特殊運用

特殊時態(tài)和特定句型中的特定時態(tài)。條件狀語從句中，常用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時，有時表示按日程、時刻定時發(fā)生的動作，用進行時表即將發(fā)生的動作。

1. The wet weather will continue tomorrow when a cold front __ to arrive

A. is expected B .is expecting C. expects D. will be expected

解讀：當主句用了一般將來時從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時.選A

2. Look at the timetable. Hurry up！ Flight 6120___ off at 18：20.

A. takes B. took C. will be taken D. has taken

解讀：用一般現(xiàn)在時表示定時發(fā)生的動作。選A

3. Id rather you ___ tomorrow than today.

A. come B .are coming C. came D. have come

解讀：would rather后面的從句用一般過去時，選C

類似的特殊句型還有：It is high /about time that s.b + 過去時

It is the+序數(shù)詞+time + that s.b + 現(xiàn)在完成時

It was the+序數(shù)詞+time + that s.b + 過去完成時

五、時態(tài)的綜合運用及比較

1.根據(jù)對話或語境判斷時態(tài)。這一題目一般不會直接給出時間狀語，而要求考生根據(jù)具體語境或說話人意圖來判斷

時態(tài)。

— Whats that noise？

— oh， I forgot to tell you， The new machine ___

A. was tested B. will be tested

C. is being tested D. has been tested

解讀：從問句可知，指目前正在發(fā)生的事情。選C

— Do you know if Terry will go camping this weekend？

— Terry？Never ！ she ___ tents and fresh air！

解讀：此情景指Terry的一貫行為，所以選用一般現(xiàn)在時。選D

2.根據(jù)句意判斷時態(tài)。這類題目較難，考生只有理解了句子本身的含義，理清動作內(nèi)在的聯(lián)系才能做出正確的判斷。

The telephone___， but by the time I got indoors， it stopped.

A had rung B. was ringing C. rings D. has rung

解讀：從題干可知，描述當時電話一直在響。選Bendprint