曲峻鋒 常浩 廖飛 趙智宏 王巨
[摘 要] 目的:比較PET-CT術(shù)前檢測食管癌(EC)、非小細胞肺癌(NSCLC)淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的準確度,觀察其診斷EC、NSCLC淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的臨床價值。方法:43例EC患者及113例NSCLC患者術(shù)前1周接受PET-CT檢查,以術(shù)后病理檢查結(jié)果為金標準,計算并對比術(shù)前PET-CT診斷EC、NSCLC淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的靈敏度、特異性及準確率,分析其臨床參考價值。結(jié)果:43例EC患者共切取淋巴結(jié)350枚(188組),病理診斷檢出59枚淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移(16.86%),113例NSCLC患者共切取淋巴結(jié)494枚(215組),病理診斷檢出131枚淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移(26.52%)。術(shù)前PET-CT檢測EC淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的靈敏度、陰性預測值高于NSCLC,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05),術(shù)前PET-CT檢測EC、NSCLC淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的特異性、準確率、陽性預測值比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05)。結(jié)論:PET-CT術(shù)前檢測EC、NSCLC淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的參考價值均較高,且評估EC淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的靈敏度更為理想。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 正電子發(fā)射型計算機斷層掃描;食管癌;非小細胞肺癌;淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移
中圖分類號:R734.2 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:2095-5200(2017)05-018-03
DOI:10.11876/mimt201705008
Comparative analysis on the test accuracy of PET-CT on esophagus cancer and non-small cell lung cancer QU Junfeng, CHANG Hao, LIAO Fei, ZHAO Zhihong, WANG Ju. (Department of Thoracic Surgery,F(xiàn)irst Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, china)
[Abstract] Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the accuracy of PET-CT on EC and NSCLC lymphatic metastasis and observe its clinical value in diagnose these lymphatic metastasis. Methods: 43 cases of EC patients and 113 NSCLC patients were examined by means of PET-CT one week before operation. The pathological results were considered as the criteria to measure the accuracy. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the preoperative and postoperative PET-CT were calculated and compared. Results: Of 43 EC patients, 350 (188 groups) lymphatic gland were excised and the pathological results showed that 59 lymphatic metastasis occurred (16.86%); of 113 NSCLC patients, 494 (215 groups) lymphatic gland were excised and the pathological results showed that 131 lymphatic metastasis occurred (26.52%). The test accuracy and negative predictive value of PET-CT on EC before operation were higher than that on NSCLC, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The specificity, positive predicative value and the accuracy of PET-CT on EC and NSCLC were compared and the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusions: PET-CT has higher reference value in the test accuracy of EC and NSCLS lymphatic metastasis and the sensitivity on the evaluation of EC lymphatic metastasis is relatively ideal.
[Key words] position emission computed tomography; esophagus cancer; non-small cell lung cancer; lymphatic metastasis
食管癌(EC)是一種侵襲性極強的惡性腫瘤,居癌癥相關(guān)病死率第6位,其5年生存率不足25%;非小細胞肺癌(NSCLC)約占肺癌的75%~80%,患者5年生存率僅為15.6%[1]。術(shù)前淋巴結(jié)分期對確定手術(shù)方案具有重要意義 [2]。
正電子發(fā)射型計算機斷層掃描(PET-CT)可自分子代謝水平了解惡性腫瘤分期,評估淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的準確度優(yōu)于傳統(tǒng)影像。但尚無文獻就該技術(shù)在EC、NSCLC兩種惡性腫瘤淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移診斷中的效能進行對比[3-4]。為彌補這一空白,此次研究選取156例患者進行報道。endprint
1 資料與方法
1.1 研究對象
選擇2011年3月至2017年2月期間接受手術(shù)治療的43例EC患者及113例NSCLC患者。
患者均于術(shù)前1周接受PET-CT檢查,空腹6 h以上,明確空腹和(或)隨機血糖濃度正常后,靜脈注射2-氟-18-氟-2-脫氧-D-葡萄糖(18F-FDG),注射劑量3.7~5.5 MBq/kg,平臥1 h,排空膀胱,使用Gemini TF 16 PET-CT(荷蘭飛利浦公司),自顱頂至大腿上1/3掃描(NSCLC)或顱頂至雙側(cè)腎臟下緣(EC),4 min/床位,共采集6個床位。將數(shù)據(jù)均傳輸至Xeleris工作站,經(jīng)數(shù)據(jù)迭代重建后,獲取冠狀面、矢狀面、橫斷面圖像[5-6]。
1.2 研究方法
由2名高年資影像科醫(yī)師對淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移狀態(tài)進行判斷,以術(shù)后病理組織學檢查結(jié)果為金標準,計算PET-CT評估EC、NSCLC淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的靈敏度、特異性及準確率,計算公式[7]:靈敏度=真陽性/(真陽性+假陰性);特異性=真陰性/(真陰性+假陽性);準確率=(真陽性+真陰性)/總例數(shù);陽性預測值=真陽性/(真陽性+假陽性);陰性預測值=真陰性/(真陰性+假陰性)。
SPSS 18.0處理數(shù)據(jù),χ2檢驗,以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 病理分期
43例EC患者均為鱗狀細胞癌,臨床分期:T1期17例,T2期13例,T3期13例;113例NSCLC患者中,鱗癌37例,腺癌61例,鱗腺癌8例,肺泡癌4例,其他3例,臨床分期(TNM分期):T1期58例,T2期28例,T3期27例。
2.2 淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移
43例EC患者共切取淋巴結(jié)350枚(188組),病理診斷檢出59枚淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移,PET-CT檢出71枚淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移,見表1;113例NSCLC患者共切取淋巴結(jié)494枚(215組),病理診斷檢出131枚淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移,PET-CT檢出122枚淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移,見表2。
2.3 診斷效能
術(shù)前PET-CT檢測EC淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的靈敏度、陰性預測值高于NSCLC,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05),術(shù)前PET-CT檢測EC、NSCLC淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的特異性、準確率、陽性預測值比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05)
3 討論
手術(shù)根治性切除是當前EC、NSCLC的首選方法,而淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移是影響根治性手術(shù)效果與患者遠期預后的重要原因,因此,術(shù)前準確判斷淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移狀態(tài),對于指導分期判斷、治療方案調(diào)整與淋巴結(jié)清掃范圍選擇均有著重要意義[8]。當前臨床判斷EC淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的依據(jù)包括消化道鋇餐、食管腔內(nèi)超聲等,判斷NSCLC淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移主要借助胸部CT,但經(jīng)病理驗證均不理想,其原因與炎癥所致淋巴結(jié)增大、微小轉(zhuǎn)移不會影響淋巴結(jié)體積等多種原因有關(guān)[9-10]。
PET-CT是當前最為先進的影像學檢查技術(shù)之一,該技術(shù)融合了PET與CT的雙重優(yōu)勢,一方面可從解剖學層面顯示淋巴結(jié)異常狀態(tài),另一方面可實現(xiàn)病灶功能顯像,從而將病灶功能代謝信息與解剖結(jié)構(gòu)信息有機融合,為臨床診斷評估提供更為全面、可靠的參考[11]。此次研究就術(shù)前PET-CT檢測EC、NSCLC淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的效能進行了分析與對比,結(jié)果顯示,PET-CT在判斷EC淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的靈敏度、陰性預測值方面具有更為明顯的優(yōu)勢。
當前PET-CT判斷NSCLC淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的主要依據(jù)為淋巴結(jié)最大標準攝取值(SUVmax)超過2.5[12],基于這一標準,PET-CT檢測NSCLC淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的靈敏度、特異性分別為74.05%、93.11%,其靈敏度偏低的原因與真陽性率稍低、假陰性率較高有關(guān),造成這一現(xiàn)象的機制可能為:部分微小轉(zhuǎn)移淋巴結(jié)的淋巴結(jié)直徑小于PET-CT空間分辨率范圍,可能造成假陰性出現(xiàn),而腫瘤侵及肺門或縱膈可導致與淋巴結(jié)分界不清,影響結(jié)果判斷[13-14]。此外,由于18F-FGD并非腫瘤特異性顯像劑,在淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的判斷中也可能造成真陽性率的下降[15]。
與NSCLC淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移標準一致,PET-CT判斷EC淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的標準亦為SUVmax>2.5,但在這一框架下,PET-CT判斷EC淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的靈敏度高于NSCLC,可能是由于肺部感染性疾病被認為是導致PET-CT顯像SUVmax高于正常范圍的主要原因,而EC患者肺部感染性疾病患病率往往低于NSCLC患者,也是導致假陰性率上漲的重要因素[17-18]。與此同時,由于陰性預測值是由真陰性率、假陰性率計算而來,假陰性率的下降也有助于陰性預測值的上升,故PET-CT在檢測EC淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移方面的效能明顯優(yōu)于NSCLC。
總體而言,PET-CT術(shù)前檢測EC、NSCLC淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的效能均值得肯定,但PET-CT檢測EC淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的靈敏度、陰性預測值更高,其原因可能與NSCLC患者肺部感染灶有關(guān),因此,在今后的臨床實踐中,更應注重合并肺部感染NSCLC患者PET-CT圖像的判別,盡可能為術(shù)中淋巴結(jié)清掃范圍的選擇提供更為合理、可靠的參考。
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