⊙ By Charlie Chaplin翻譯:旭文
Fight for 1)Liberty為自由而戰(zhàn)
⊙ By Charlie Chaplin翻譯:旭文
20世紀杰出的喜劇大師查理·卓別林(1889-1977)是一位才華橫溢的電影人,他集編、導(dǎo)、演于一身,有時甚至還兼任制作與攝影。從1914年到1967年,他一共參與攝制了82部電影,被《時代》周刊評為“20世紀最重要的人物”。
《大獨裁者》是卓別林執(zhí)導(dǎo)并主演的一部電影,于1940年首映。影片假借第二次世界大戰(zhàn)的背景,刻畫了一個殘酷迫害猶太人,企圖統(tǒng)治全世界的大獨裁者。卓別林在人物造型上非常明顯地仿效法西斯頭子希特勒,并通過夸張的表演對其進行辛辣的諷刺。
影片的主人公理發(fā)師查理是個猶太人,由于他與大獨裁者亨格爾容貌相似,在逃亡時被軍隊誤認為是他們的元首亨格爾,給了他最高級的禮遇,并請他發(fā)表演說。理發(fā)師查理在臺上作了一場維護民主的演說,說出了他的——也是人民的心聲:“獨裁者終將滅亡,他們從人民手中奪走的權(quán)力將會重新回到人民的手中。”這是電影史上最精彩的演講之一,在卓別林逝世40周年之際,我們以這篇演講向他致敬。
只要稍稍把這篇演講與我們平??吹降难葜v相比較,就不難發(fā)現(xiàn),這篇旨在批判反人性和反自由的演講并沒有幾個“高大上”的詞語,相反,它使用的都是日常生活中的普通詞匯,實實在在,沒有花架子,卻也能很好地把意思表達出來,建議同學們認真加以體會。
I’m sorry, but I don’t want to be an emperor. That’s not my business. I don’t want to rule or conquer anyone. I should like to help everyone if possible: Jew,2)gentile,black man, white.
We all want to help one another.Human beings are like that. We want to live by each other’s happiness, not by each other’s3)misery. We don’t want to hate and4)despise one another.
In this world, there is room for everyone,and the good earth is rich and can provide for everyone. The way of life can be free and beautiful, but we have lost the way.5)Greed has6)poisoned men’s souls, has7)barricaded the world with hate, has8)goose stepped us into misery and9)bloodshed. We have developed speed but we have shut ourselves in.10)Machinery that gives abundance has left us in11)want. Our knowledge has made us12)cynical, our13)cleverness, hard and unkind. We think too much and feel too little. More than machinery, we need humanity. More than cleverness, we need kindness and gentleness. Without these qualities, life will be violent and all will be lost. The14)aeroplane and radio have brought us closer together. The very nature of these inventions15)cries out for the goodness in men, cries out for universal brotherhood,for the16)unity of us all. Even now my voice is reaching millions throughout the world,millions of17)despairing men, women and little children, victims of a system that makes men18)torture, and19)imprison innocent people.
To those who can hear me I say, “Do not despair.” The misery that is now upon us is but the20)passing of greed, the21)bitterness of men who fear the way of human progress.The hate of men will pass, and22)dictators die, and the power they took from the people will return to the people. And so long as men die, liberty will never23)perish.
Soldiers, don’t give yourselves to24)brutes,men who despise you,25)enslave you, who26)regiment your lives, tell you what to do,what to think and what to feel, who27)drill you, diet you, treat you like cattle, use youas28)cannon fodder. Don’t give yourselves to these unnatural men, machine men with machine minds and machine hearts. You are not machines, you are not cattle, you are men! You have the love of humanity in your hearts. You don’t hate. Only the unloved hate,the unloved and the unnatural. Soldiers, don’t fight for slavery, fight for liberty!
You the people have the power, the power to create machines, the power to create happiness. You the people have the power to make this life free and beautiful, to make this life a wonderful adventure. Then in the name of democracy, let us use that power. Let us all unite, let us fight for a new world, a29)decent world that will give men a chance to work, that will give you a future,and old age security.
By the promise of these things, brutes have risen to power. But they lie. They do not30)fulfill that promise. They never will!Dictators free themselves but they enslave the people. Now let us fight to fulfill that promise! Let us fight to free the world, to do away with national barriers, to do away with greed, with hate and31)intolerance.
Let us fight for a world of reason, a world where science and progress will lead to all men’s happiness. Soldiers, in the name of democracy, let us all unite!
我們都知道,排比句是演講的利器,它以結(jié)構(gòu)相似的平行句法層層推進,可以很好地闡述觀點,重申立場,引起共鳴。而在演講中,簡明有力的排比更是造勢的有力武器。卓別林在演講中也用了不少排比句,但使用方法與我們常見的不盡相同。
一是常見的排比句多以三個結(jié)構(gòu)相似的句子為起點,但卓別林則用兩個結(jié)構(gòu)相似的句子(如:More than machinery, we need humanity. More than cleverness, we need kindness and gentleness.和You the people have the power, the power to create machines, the power to create happiness. You the people have the power to make this life free and beautiful, to make this life a wonderful adventure.)。
二是這篇演講的排比用得不太“規(guī)范”,如在做謂語排比時,會“漏”了其中的一個謂語(如:The very nature of these inventions cries out for the goodness in men, cries out for universal brotherhood, for the unity of us all.)。
三是常見的排比句多為主句結(jié)構(gòu)的重復(fù),但卓別林的演講有時會把排比用在從句中(如:Soldiers, don’t give yourselves to brutes, men who despise you, enslave you, who regiment your lives, tell you what to do, what to think and what to feel, who drill you, diet you, treat you like cattle, and use you as cannon fodder.)。
這些特點與人物在影片中的身份與演講的場合有關(guān):演講者查理只是一名理發(fā)師,并不是能言善辯之人;這是一次即興演講,而非有備而來。從整體上看,這些不同的排比方式因應(yīng)演講在不同位置的具體需要,靈活變化,不僅不會讓人有詫異之感,而且恰到好處,很好地為整篇演講服務(wù)。
參考譯文
抱歉,我不想當皇帝。那不是我該做的事。我既不想統(tǒng)治,也不想征服任何人,相反,我愿意盡可能地幫助每個人:無論是猶太人還是非猶太人,是黑人還是白人。
我們都愿意互相幫助,人類的天性如此。我們都愿意追求彼此的幸福,而非彼此的痛苦。我們不希望互相憎恨,互相唾棄。
世界幅員遼闊,每人都有立足之地。土地物產(chǎn)充沛,每人都有飽腹之食。生活本可以是自由而美好的,但是我們迷失了方向。貪婪讓人類的靈魂受到毒害,讓世界充滿仇恨,讓我們邁向痛苦與廝殺。我們提升了速度,卻又自我封閉。機器帶來富足生活的同時,也讓我們貪得無厭。知識讓我們變得憤世嫉俗,機智讓我們變得冷酷無情。我們思慮的太多而感受的太少。相比之下,我們需要的是人性,而不是機器;我們需要的是仁慈與和善,而不是聰明。缺少了這些品格,生活將充滿暴力,我們將失去一切。飛機和廣播拉近了我們的距離。這些發(fā)明本身呼喚人類的善良,呼喚全世界的手足情誼,呼喚我們團結(jié)一心。就在這一刻,我的聲音正傳到世界上數(shù)百萬民眾的耳朵里,傳到數(shù)百萬絕望的男人、女人和孩子的耳中。在這個摧殘、囚禁無辜民眾的體制中,他們都是受害者。
我要對那些能夠聽到我講話的人們說:“不要絕望?!蔽覀冋馐艿目嚯y恰好表明貪欲在消散,那只不過是懼怕人類進步者的怨恨。人類的仇恨終將結(jié)束,獨裁者終將滅亡,他們從人民手中奪走的權(quán)力將會重新回到人民的手中。只要人類的生命有限,自由將永不消亡。
士兵們,不要替那些禽獸賣命,那些禽獸鄙視你們、奴役你們,任意擺布你們,對你們的行為、想法和感受指手畫腳,他們訓練你們的身體,限制你們的飲食,把你們看作牲口,拿你們當炮灰。不要把自己的命運交給這些殘忍之徒,這些都是長著機器頭腦和機器心腸的機器人。你們不是機器,你們不是牲口,你們是人!你們心中都有對人性的熱愛。你們不要心懷恨意,只有那些沒有人愛的人才會心懷恨意,只有沒有人愛和沒有人性的人才會如此。士兵們,不要為奴役而戰(zhàn),要為自由而戰(zhàn)!
人民是有能力的,有制造機器的能力,有創(chuàng)造幸福的能力;人民有能力讓生命變得自由而美好,讓生命變成美妙的旅程。那么,讓我們以民主的名義使用這種能力吧。讓我們聯(lián)合起來,讓我們?yōu)樾率澜缍鴬^斗,創(chuàng)建一個人人都有工作機會,對未來充滿希望,老有所養(yǎng)的公平世界。
憑借這樣的承諾,禽獸們執(zhí)掌了大權(quán),但他們滿嘴謊言,他們并沒有兌現(xiàn)承諾,他們永遠不會這么做!獨裁者解放了自己,卻奴役著人民?,F(xiàn)在,讓我們?yōu)閷崿F(xiàn)這些承諾而奮斗吧!讓我們?yōu)榻夥攀澜?,為消除國界,消除貪念,消除仇恨和偏狹而戰(zhàn)。
讓我們?yōu)槔硇缘氖澜缍鴳?zhàn),為一個讓科學和進步為全人類創(chuàng)造幸福的世界而戰(zhàn)。士兵們,以民主的名義,讓我們團結(jié)起來吧!
1) liberty [?l?b?t?] n. 自由
2) gentile [?d?enta?l] n. 非猶太人
3) misery [?m?z?r?] n. 痛苦
4) despise [d??spa?z] v. 蔑視,鄙視
5) greed [ɡri?d] n. 貪婪,貪欲
6) poison [?p??z(?)n] v. 毒殺,毒害
7) barricade [b?r??ke?d] v. 設(shè)柵防守
8) goose step 正步
9) bloodshed [?bl?d?ed] n. 流血,殺戮
10) machinery [m???i?n?r?] n. 機器,機械
11) want [w?nt] n. 欲望
12) cynical [?s?n?k(?)l] adj. 憤世嫉俗的
13) cleverness [?klev?n?s] n. 聰明
14) aeroplane [?e?r?ple?n] n. 飛機
15) cry out for 迫切需要
16) unity [?ju?n?t?] n. 一致,統(tǒng)一,聯(lián)合
17) despairing [d?s?pe?r??] adj. 感到絕望的
18) torture [?t??t??(r)] v. 折磨
19) imprison [?m?pr?z(?)n] v. 監(jiān)禁
20) passing [?p?s??] n. 消逝
21) bitterness [?b?t?n?s] n. 痛苦,悲傷
22) dictator [?d?kte?t?r] n. 獨裁者,專制君主
23) perish [?per??] v. 枯萎,毀滅
24) brute [bru?t] n. 野獸,禽獸
25) enslave [?n?sle?v] v. 奴役
26) regiment [?red??m?nt] v. 管轄,嚴格控制
27) drill [dr?l] v. 訓練,操練
28) cannon fodder 炮灰
29) decent [?di?s?nt] adj. 公平的
30) ful fi ll [f?l?f?l] v. 履行,遵守
31) intolerance [?n?t?l?r?ns] n. 不寬容