閱讀理解的小竅門

景一

There is a right way to read a book for pleasure， and a right way to read a book for learning. You can read a book for pleasure one time through and be just fine. Youll get all you need out of that one reading—which is pleasure. However， it is harmful to assume that you should approach academic reading the same way. In order to read and comprehend a book or article for school， you need to be much more intentional1 and strategic2. That is， if you want to earn a good grade！

In most reading tests， the student is asked to read a passage and predict3 what might happen next. Prediction4 is a common reading comprehension strategy. The purpose for this strategy is to make sure youre able to infer information from the clues in the text.

Heres a passage to clarify this point：

Clara gripped5 the handle of the heavy glass pitcher6 and lifted it from the refrigerator shelf. As she watched the pitcher crash into a thousand pieces， she saw the figure of her mother appear in the kitchen doorway.

So， what do you think will happen next？ We could guess that Claras mother reacts angrily， or we might guess that the mother bursts into laughter.

But if I told you that this passage was a short paragraph from a thriller7， that fact might change your answer. Similarly， if I told you this passage came from a comedy， youd make a very different prediction.

Understanding the genre of a book helps you make predictions about the action—which helps you comprehend the action.

Any time you read to learn （and not for plea sure）， you should use active reading skills. There are good tools to use as you read， and there are tools that are not so good to use.

A pencil is a good tool. You can use a pencil to make annotations8 in the margins9 of your text without doing any permanent10 damage to the text. Another good tool is a pack of sticky notes. Use your notes to write down thoughts， impressions， predictions， and questions as you read.

A highlighter11， on the other hand， can be a really bad tool. Not only do you create some serious damage when you highlight12 a book， you also give yourself the false impression that you have done anything significant by doing so.

The only thing you do by highlighting is marking passages that you may want to read again. But if a passage impresses you enough to highlight it， you must indicate why it impresses you. Other wise， you will go back to read isolated sentences and try to remember why they were important.endprint

Its a no doubt that you should take the time to identify and look up new and unfamiliar words as you read. But its important to make a note of those new words， and revisit them long after youve finished reading that book.

Once a text is completed， the writer may re flect on the true message or purpose as a final step and come up with a new title. This means you can use the title as a clue to help you understand the message or purpose of your text.

有為了消遣而閱讀的合適的方式，也有為了學(xué)習(xí)而閱讀的合適的方式。你每次讀一本書用以消遣也很好。你會(huì)從愉快的閱讀中得到你所需要的一切。然而，假設(shè)你以同樣的方式來對(duì)待學(xué)術(shù)閱讀則是有害的。為了學(xué)業(yè)，也就是說，如果你想取得好成績(jī)的話，去閱讀和理解一本書或一篇文章，你需要更加有目的性和策略性。

大多數(shù)閱讀測(cè)試要求學(xué)生閱讀一篇文章并預(yù)測(cè)下一步可能發(fā)生什么。預(yù)測(cè)是閱讀理解的一種常見策略。這個(gè)策略的目的是確保你能夠推斷出文本中的線索信息。

下面用一段文字來說明這一點(diǎn)：

克拉拉抓住沉重的玻璃水罐把手，從冰箱擱板上抬起。當(dāng)她望著水罐摔成碎片時(shí)，她看到她母親的身影出現(xiàn)在廚房門口。

那么，你認(rèn)為下一步會(huì)發(fā)生什么？我們可以猜測(cè)，克拉拉的母親反應(yīng)會(huì)是很生氣，或者我們可以猜測(cè)，母親爆發(fā)出笑聲。

但是如果我告訴你這一段文字節(jié)選自一部驚悚小說，這個(gè)事實(shí)可能會(huì)影響你的答案。同樣，如果我告訴你這段話來自一部喜劇，你又會(huì)做出一個(gè)非常不同的預(yù)測(cè)。

了解一本書的類型能幫你在閱讀時(shí)做出預(yù)測(cè)，這有助于你對(duì)文本的理解。

任何時(shí)候你看書學(xué)習(xí)（而不是看書作為娛樂），都應(yīng)該使用積極的閱讀技巧。當(dāng)你閱讀時(shí)，有好的工具可以使用，也有些工具不太好用。

鉛筆是一種很好的工具。你可以用鉛筆在文字邊緣作注釋而不會(huì)對(duì)文本產(chǎn)生任何永久損壞。另一種好工具是便利貼。在閱讀時(shí)，可以用便利貼記錄下你的想法、印象、預(yù)測(cè)和問題。

熒光筆，從另一方面講，可以說是一個(gè)非常糟糕的工具。當(dāng)你標(biāo)記一本書的時(shí)候，你不僅會(huì)對(duì)書造成一些嚴(yán)重的損壞，也會(huì)給自己一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤的印象，認(rèn)為這樣做之后你就已經(jīng)完成了所有重要的事情。

你通過熒光筆唯一能標(biāo)記的是你可能想再讀一遍的段落。但如果某一段讓你印象深刻地到想要用熒光筆來標(biāo)記強(qiáng)調(diào)，你必須標(biāo)明為什么它令你印象深刻。否則，你只會(huì)回頭去讀孤立的句子，去努力回憶為什么它們很重要。

當(dāng)你閱讀的時(shí)候，毫無疑問，你應(yīng)該花時(shí)間去辨別和查出生詞或不熟悉的單詞。但重要的是要做好這些生詞的筆記，并在讀完書后再?gòu)?fù)習(xí)這些詞。

一旦一篇文章完成，作者也許會(huì)把真實(shí)的信息或目的作為最后一步來思考，并且起一個(gè)新的標(biāo)題。這意味著你可以將標(biāo)題作為線索來幫助自己理解文本的信息或目的。

Notes：

1. intentional [ ] adj. 故意的；蓄意的；策劃的

2. strategic [ ] adj. 戰(zhàn)略上的，策略的 3. predict [ ] vt. 預(yù)報(bào)，預(yù)言；預(yù)知

4. prediction [ ] n. 預(yù)報(bào)；預(yù)言；預(yù)測(cè) 5. grip [ ] vt. 緊握；夾緊

6. pitcher [ ] n. 大水罐 7. thriller [ ] n. 驚險(xiǎn)小說

8. annotation [ ] n. 注釋；注解；釋文

9. margin [ ] n. 邊緣；頁(yè)邊的空白

10. permanent [ ] adj. 永久的，永恒的；不變的

11. highlighter [ ] n. 熒光筆，高光色

12. highlight [ ] vt. 突出；強(qiáng)調(diào)；使顯著；加亮endprint