霍 靜 羅 雯 李明瑋 王佩佩首都醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬復(fù)興醫(yī)院風(fēng)濕免疫科(100038)
·論 著·
ICAM-1、VCAM-1和I-FABP在狼瘡腸病小鼠中表達(dá)的研究*
霍 靜 羅 雯#李明瑋 王佩佩
首都醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬復(fù)興醫(yī)院風(fēng)濕免疫科(100038)
背景:系統(tǒng)性紅斑狼瘡并發(fā)狼瘡腸病的預(yù)后差,目前有關(guān)狼瘡腸病的發(fā)生機制研究甚少。目的:探討細(xì)胞間黏附分子-1(ICAM-1)、血管細(xì)胞黏附分子-1(VCAM-1)、腸脂肪酸結(jié)合蛋白(I-FABP)在狼瘡腸病小鼠中的表達(dá)。方法:將20只MRL/lpr自發(fā)性狼瘡小鼠隨機分為狼瘡腸病組和對照組。以TNBS灌腸誘導(dǎo)狼瘡腸病模型。行組織學(xué)評分,以免疫組化染色檢測ICAM-1、VCAM-1、I-FABP表達(dá),并分析其與組織學(xué)評分的相關(guān)性。結(jié)果:與對照組相比,狼瘡腸病組結(jié)腸組織學(xué)評分顯著升高(8.1±5.8對0.8±0.5,P=0.000),ICAM-1(9.4%±2.1%對6.2%±1.1%)、VCAM-1(15.1%±2.1%對12.2%±1.9%)、I-FABP(17.5%±2.5%對6.1%±0.9%)表達(dá)均顯著升高(P<0.05)。狼瘡腸病組結(jié)腸組織ICAM-1、VCAM-1和I-FABP表達(dá)與組織學(xué)評分呈正相關(guān)(r=0.870,P=0.010;r=0.881,P=0.010;r=1.000,P=0.000)。結(jié)論: ICAM-1、VCAM-1和I-FABP可能與狼瘡腸病的發(fā)病相關(guān)。
紅斑狼瘡, 系統(tǒng)性; 狼瘡腸?。?細(xì)胞黏附分子; 血管細(xì)胞黏附分子1; 脂肪酸結(jié)合蛋白質(zhì)類
系統(tǒng)性紅斑狼瘡(SLE)是一種多系統(tǒng)受累、血清中含有多種自身抗體的自身免疫性疾病,好發(fā)于年輕育齡女性。消化道是SLE最常見的受累系統(tǒng)之一,約半數(shù)患者在病程中出現(xiàn)腸道癥狀[1]。病情一旦進(jìn)展,內(nèi)科治療常無效,而外科治療不能阻止病變,導(dǎo)致預(yù)后差、病死率高。細(xì)胞間黏附分子-1(ICAM-1)、血管細(xì)胞黏附分子-1(VCAM-1)作用于粒細(xì)胞和淋巴細(xì)胞表面,促進(jìn)粒細(xì)胞、淋巴細(xì)胞增殖、活化、遷移以及對組織的攻擊,導(dǎo)致組織損傷[2]。分子生物學(xué)研究證實免疫紊亂導(dǎo)致的組織炎性損傷與黏附分子的表達(dá)和上調(diào)有關(guān),尤其是ICAM-1、VCAM-1[3]。腸脂肪酸結(jié)合蛋白(I-FABP)大量表達(dá)于腸黏膜上皮中,當(dāng)遭受炎癥、缺氧、缺血和再灌注損傷時,腸上皮細(xì)胞壞死,I-FABP釋出,導(dǎo)致腸屏障損傷[4]。MRL/lpr小鼠是一種經(jīng)典的自發(fā)性狼瘡小鼠模型,由于缺失Fas基因而使機體自身免疫過度上調(diào),表現(xiàn)出部分狼瘡樣病理特征[5]。本研究的預(yù)實驗通過對MRL/lpr小鼠進(jìn)行TNBS/乙醇灌腸,成功誘發(fā)狼瘡小鼠的腸病。在此基礎(chǔ)上,本研究通過檢測ICAM-1、VCAM-1和I-FABP在狼瘡腸病小鼠結(jié)腸組織中的表達(dá),旨在探討狼瘡腸病的發(fā)病機制。
一、實驗動物
8周齡雌性MRL/lpr小鼠20只,體質(zhì)量(20.9±1.6) g,購于北京維通利華實驗動物技術(shù)有限公司,飼養(yǎng)于首都醫(yī)科大學(xué)動物部清潔級動物房。
二、研究方法
1. 動物分組:飼養(yǎng)2周小鼠出現(xiàn)SLE表現(xiàn)后,隨機分為狼瘡腸病組(n=10)和對照組(n=10)。以TNBS/乙醇灌腸制備狼瘡小鼠腸病模型[6]。將TNBS(5% W/V)20 μL、無水乙醇50 μL、蒸餾水30 μL 充分混勻。小鼠禁食不禁飲24 h,腹腔注射3.6%水合氯醛進(jìn)行麻醉。將導(dǎo)管從肛門插入腸道深約5 cm處,灌注TNBS 1.0 mg/50%乙醇灌腸劑100 μL,然后將小鼠倒置60 s,灌腸1次。對照組小鼠不給任何干預(yù),相同條件飼養(yǎng)。所有小鼠灌腸后1周處死,取結(jié)腸組織行后續(xù)實驗。
2. 一般情況:灌腸后給予小鼠正常飲食,每日觀察精神狀態(tài)、進(jìn)食、活動、體質(zhì)量和糞便性狀等。
3. 組織學(xué)評分:取小鼠結(jié)腸組織,4%甲醛溶液固定,石蠟包埋,4 μm厚切片,行HE染色。參照Dieleman等[7]研究的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),結(jié)合炎癥、病變深度、隱窩破壞和病變范圍評估組織學(xué)損傷程度。隨機選取10個高倍視野(×400),取均值作為組織學(xué)評分。
4. ICAM-1、VCAM-1、I-FABP的測定:取小鼠結(jié)腸組織,常規(guī)脫蠟水化,抗原修復(fù),分別加入ICAM-1、VCAM-1和I-FABP一抗(均購自英國Abcam公司,工作濃度均為1∶200)4 ℃過夜;加入二抗,37 ℃ 20 min;DAB顯色。Image-Pro Plus 4.1圖像分析軟件處理結(jié)果。
結(jié)果判定:以細(xì)胞膜和細(xì)胞質(zhì)呈棕黃色作為ICAM-1、VCAM-1、I-FABP表達(dá)陽性。高倍(×400)鏡下隨機選取5個視野,觀察細(xì)胞染色情況。以陽性細(xì)胞數(shù)占總細(xì)胞的比例作為目的蛋白的表達(dá)。
三、統(tǒng)計學(xué)分析
一、一般情況
狼瘡腸病組小鼠灌腸第1天即出現(xiàn)精神狀態(tài)不佳、進(jìn)食量減少、懶動、體質(zhì)量逐漸減輕等表現(xiàn),并出現(xiàn)了稀便、血便癥狀。對照組小鼠精神狀態(tài)、進(jìn)食、活動、體質(zhì)量和糞便性狀均未出現(xiàn)明顯變化。
二、結(jié)腸組織病理學(xué)變化
狼瘡腸病組小鼠結(jié)腸黏膜層碎裂,結(jié)腸上皮細(xì)胞不完整。腸腺管狀和橢圓形結(jié)構(gòu)破壞(圖1A);黏膜下層、肌層和漿膜層以及固有層大量淋巴細(xì)胞聚集,黏膜層被破壞,黏膜肌層斷裂形成潰瘍,肌層直接接觸腸腔內(nèi)容物(圖1B)。對照組小鼠結(jié)腸黏膜層顯示完整的上皮細(xì)胞和腸腺。腸腺被縱切成管狀,或橫切、斜切成橢圓形。腸上皮與腺上皮之間夾雜大量杯狀細(xì)胞,固有層可見散在的淋巴細(xì)胞。黏膜下層由疏松結(jié)締組織組成,可見血管、黏膜下神經(jīng)叢和淋巴管等(圖1C)。狼瘡腸病組組織學(xué)評分顯著高于對照組(8.1±5.8對0.8±0.5,P=0.000)。
三、結(jié)腸組織ICAM-1、VCAM-1、I-FABP表達(dá)
狼瘡腸病組結(jié)腸組織細(xì)胞膜和細(xì)胞質(zhì)中可見ICAM-1、VCAM-1和I-FABP呈棕黃色(圖2~4)。與對照組相比,狼瘡腸病組ICAM-1、VCAM-1和I-FABP表達(dá)均顯著升高(P<0.05)(表1)。
組別例數(shù)ICAM?1VCAM?1I?FABP狼瘡腸病組109.4±2.115.1±2.117.5±2.5對照組106.2±1.112.2±1.96.1±0.9
四、結(jié)腸組織ICAM-1、VCAM-1和I-FABP表達(dá)與組織學(xué)評分的相關(guān)性分析
狼瘡腸病組ICAM-1、VCAM-1和I-FABP表達(dá)與組織學(xué)評分均呈正相關(guān)(r=0.870,P=0.010;r=0.881,P=0.010;r=1.000,P=0.000)。
A:狼瘡腸病組;B:對照組
A:狼瘡腸病組;B:對照組
SLE的基礎(chǔ)病理改變是血管炎改變和結(jié)締組織纖維蛋白樣變性。結(jié)締組織廣泛存在于全身各系統(tǒng)和臟器,故SLE常呈現(xiàn)多系統(tǒng)受累。狼瘡腸病是SLE常見的并發(fā)癥。文獻(xiàn)報道狼瘡腸病在歐美SLE患者的發(fā)病率高達(dá)50%[1],我國達(dá)22%[8]。但有關(guān)狼瘡腸病發(fā)病機制的研究甚少。多項研究顯示多種病因均能誘發(fā)SLE患者的腸病,如腸壁缺血、黏膜屏障受損、針對腸道平滑肌的自身免疫反應(yīng)、血栓栓塞、藥物作用,并通過CT、超聲、結(jié)腸鏡、病理以及同位素等臨床檢查手段進(jìn)行了驗證[9-10]。狼瘡腸病的主要表現(xiàn)包括蛋白丟失性腸病、假性腸梗阻、腸系膜血管炎[11]。上述狼瘡腸病的研究僅限于臨床層面,與機制相關(guān)的學(xué)說均是建立在SLE前期研究以及SLE其他系統(tǒng)的研究基礎(chǔ)上,缺乏針對狼瘡腸病的基礎(chǔ)實驗。本研究通過TNBS灌腸誘發(fā)狼瘡小鼠發(fā)生腸病,并利用免疫組化法檢測結(jié)腸組織ICAM-1、VCAM-1、I-FABP表達(dá),旨在初步探究狼瘡腸病的發(fā)病機制。
黏附分子可分為選擇素類、結(jié)合素類和免疫球蛋白超家族。ICAM-1和VCAM-1屬于免疫球蛋白超家族。在多種炎癥因子,包括腫瘤壞死因子、白細(xì)胞介素-1等刺激下,由內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生ICAM-1、VCAM-1,并作用于白細(xì)胞,起黏附和驅(qū)化白細(xì)胞的作用,最終導(dǎo)致炎癥組織損傷[2,12-13]。這一過程被認(rèn)為是SLE重要的發(fā)病機制之一[14-15]。有研究[14]發(fā)現(xiàn),狼瘡小鼠中腎臟、心臟、腦組織中ICAM-1、VCAM-1表達(dá)明顯升高。然而,狼瘡小鼠中結(jié)腸組織ICAM-1、VCAM-1表達(dá)的研究尚未見報道。本研究顯示,狼瘡腸病小鼠結(jié)腸組織ICAM-1、VCAM-1表達(dá)明顯高于對照組,說明ICAM-1、VCAM-1可能是狼瘡腸病的發(fā)病機制之一。
I-FABP是脂肪酸結(jié)合蛋白家族中的一種低分子質(zhì)量的胞液蛋白,主要存在于胃腸黏膜上皮細(xì)胞中,參與長鏈脂肪酸的攝取、轉(zhuǎn)運、代謝[16-17]。有研究[18-19]顯示當(dāng)胃腸黏膜遭受炎癥、缺氧、缺血和再灌注損傷時,腸上皮細(xì)胞被破壞,腸黏膜組織釋放I-FABP,造成局部組織和血清I-FABP升高。然而,狼瘡小鼠中I-FABP的表達(dá)尚未見報道。本研究顯示,狼瘡腸病小鼠結(jié)腸組織中I-FABP表達(dá)明顯高于對照組,說明I-FABP可能是狼瘡腸病的發(fā)病機制之一。
綜上所述,狼瘡腸病小鼠結(jié)腸組織中ICAM-1、VCAM-1和I-FABP表達(dá)升高,且其表達(dá)與結(jié)腸組織評分呈正相關(guān)。提示ICAM-1、VCAM-1、I-FABP可能是狼瘡腸病小鼠的發(fā)病機制之一。
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(2016-12-29收稿;2017-03-10修回)
Expressions of ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and I-FABP in Lupus Enteropathy in Mice
HUOJing,LUOWen,LIMingwei,WANGPeipei.
epartmentofRheumatology,FuxingHospital,CapitalMedicalUniversity,Beijing(100038)
LUO Wen, Email: fxlw2006@163.com
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Lupus Enteropathy; Cell Adhesion Molecules; Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins
10.3969/j.issn.1008-7125.2017.08.003
*本課題由北京市教委科技計劃面上項目(KM201410025020)資助
#本文通信作者,Email: fxlw2006@163.com
Background: The prognosis of systemic lupus erythematosus complicated with lupus enteropathy is poor. At present, studies on pathogenesis of lupus enteropathy are rare. Aims: To investigate the expressions of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP) in lupus enteropathy in mice. Methods: Twenty MRL/lpr lupus mice were randomly divided into two groups: lupus enteropathy group and control group. Lupus enteropathy model was established by administration with TNBS enema. Histological score was assessed, expressions of ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and I-FABP were determined by immunohistochemistry, and correlations with histological score were analyzed. Results: Compared with control group, histological score was significantly increased (8.1±5.8vs. 0.8±0.5,P=0.000), expressions of ICAM-1 (9.4%±2.1%vs. 6.2%±1.1%), VCAM-1 (15.1%±2.1%vs. 12.2%±1.9%) and I-FABP (17.5%±2.5%vs. 6.1%±0.9%) were significantly increased (P<0.05) in lupus enteropathy group. Expressions of ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and I-FABP in colon tissue in lupus enteropathy group were positively correlated with histological score (r=0.870,P=0.010;r=0.881,P=0.010;r=1.000,P=0.000). Conclusions: ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and I-FABP may be associated with pathogenesis of lupus enteropathy.