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      廣州市南沙區(qū)兒童社區(qū)獲得性肺炎病原調(diào)查及臨床特點(diǎn)分析

      2017-09-07 14:33:22夏厚才彭惠軒羅小兵
      中國(guó)實(shí)用醫(yī)藥 2017年20期
      關(guān)鍵詞:肺炎支原體社區(qū)獲得性肺炎病原

      夏厚才 彭惠軒 羅小兵

      【摘要】 目的 調(diào)查廣州市南沙區(qū)社區(qū)獲得性肺炎(CAP)患兒的病原體構(gòu)成情況及臨床特點(diǎn), 為臨床診治工作提供參考。方法 207例住院CAP患兒, 采用細(xì)菌培養(yǎng)、直接免疫熒光法檢測(cè)7種呼吸道病毒、酶聯(lián)免疫吸附實(shí)驗(yàn)(ELISA)檢測(cè)血清肺炎支原體和肺炎衣原體, 分析患兒的臨床特點(diǎn)。結(jié)果 207例

      CAP患兒, 病原總檢出率為84.1%(174/207)。其中細(xì)菌、病毒、肺炎支原體和肺炎衣原體陽性率分別為29.5%(61/207)、20.3%(42/207)、28.5%(59/207)和5.8%(12/207)。病原混合感染24.6%(51/207);呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)感染57.1%(24/42)。細(xì)菌、病毒和肺炎衣原體各年齡段檢出率比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。肺炎支原體在4~6歲年齡段檢出率高于其他年齡段, 差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=11.711, P=0.008<0.05)。各病原體在不同季度檢出率比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。不同病原體感染病例的臨床特點(diǎn)有所不同。

      結(jié)論 廣州市南沙區(qū)CAP患兒病原體主要是金黃色葡萄球菌、RSV和肺炎支原體。病原體的檢出與季節(jié)和年齡無關(guān);不同病原體感染的患兒, 主要的臨床特點(diǎn)各有側(cè)重。

      【關(guān)鍵詞】 兒童;社區(qū)獲得性肺炎 ;病原; 病毒 ;肺炎支原體

      DOI:10.14163/j.cnki.11-5547/r.2017.20.003

      【Abstract】 Objective To investigate composition and clinical characteristics of pathogens of community acquired pneumonia (CAP) for children in Nansha district of Guangzhou, so as to provide reference for clinical diagnosis. Methods Serum Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae in 207 hospitalized CAP children were detected by bacteria culture, direct immunofluorescence testing of 7 kinds of respiratory virus, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and their clinical characteristics were analyzed. Results The total pathogen detection rate was 84.1% (174/207) in 207 CAP children, with positive rates of bacteria, virus, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae respectively as 29.5% (61/207), 20.3% (42/207), 28.5% (59/207) and 5.8% (12/207). Pathogen mixed infection was 24.6% (51/207), and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection was 57.1% (24/42). There were no statistically significant difference in detection rate of bacteria, virus and Chlamydia pneumoniae in all age groups (P> 0.05). The detection rate of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in 4~6 years old group was higher than that of other age groups, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=11.711, P=0.008<0.05). There were no significant difference in the detection rates of pathogens in different seasons (P>0.05). The clinical characteristics of different pathogens were different. Conclusion The pathogens of CAP in Nansha District of Guangzhou are mainly Staphylococcus aureus, RSV and mycoplasma pneumoniae, and the detection of pathogens has nothing to do with season and age. The main clinical characteristics are focused for different pathogens infected children.

      【Key words】 Children; Community acquired pneumonia; Pathogenic; Viruses; Mycoplasma pneumoniae

      社區(qū)獲得性肺炎(community acquired pneumonia, CAP)是兒童常見的呼吸道疾病之一, 2005年世界衛(wèi)生組織(WHO)對(duì)《全球兒童死亡評(píng)估報(bào)告》中公布, 肺炎是5歲以下兒童死亡的首要病因(占19%)[1-5]。在我國(guó), 兒童急性呼吸道感染占兒科住院患兒的24.5%~62.5%, 每年約有2000萬兒童發(fā)生肺炎, 也是我國(guó)兒童死亡的主要病因[6-9]。為了解廣州市南沙區(qū)兒童CAP病原分布、流行狀況及臨床特點(diǎn), 為臨床診治兒童CAP提供科學(xué)依據(jù), 本研究對(duì)207例CAP患兒病例進(jìn)行分析報(bào)告如下。

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