齊福權(quán) 楊華
[摘要] 目的 探討比索洛爾對(duì)下呼吸道感染患者肺功能及相關(guān)炎癥介質(zhì)的影響研究。 方法 選取我院2015年10月~2016年10月的60例下呼吸道感染患者,將患者隨機(jī)分為治療組和對(duì)照組,各30例。對(duì)照組患者進(jìn)行常規(guī)治療,治療組患者發(fā)病24 h內(nèi)在對(duì)照組的基礎(chǔ)上使用比索洛爾進(jìn)行治療,觀察兩組患者治療前后第1秒用力呼氣量(FEV1)、第1秒用力呼氣量占用力肺活量比值(FEV1/FVC)、第1秒用力呼氣量占預(yù)計(jì)值百分比(FEV1%)等肺功能情況,觀察兩組患者白細(xì)胞介素6(IL-6)、白細(xì)胞介素8(IL-8)、腫瘤壞死因子α(TNF-α)、降鈣素原(PCT)等相關(guān)炎癥介質(zhì)水平。 結(jié)果 治療后兩組患者肺功能及相關(guān)炎癥介質(zhì)水平均較治療前改善,治療組FEV1、FEV1/ FVC、FEV1%均明顯高于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);治療組的IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α、PCT水平明顯低于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。 結(jié)論 比索洛爾治療下呼吸道感染,能夠明顯改善患者肺功能,有效降低患者相關(guān)炎癥介質(zhì)水平,值得推廣應(yīng)用。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 比索洛爾;下呼吸道感染;肺功能;炎癥介質(zhì)
[中圖分類(lèi)號(hào)] R563.9 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] B [文章編號(hào)] 1673-9701(2017)21-0037-03
Effects of bisoprolol on pulmonary function and inflammatory mediators in patients with lower respiratory tract infection
QI Fuquan YANG Hua
Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhejiang Rongjun Hospital, Jiaxing 314000, China
[Abstract] Objective To study the effects of bisoprolol on pulmonary function and inflammatory mediators in patients with lower respiratory tract infection. Methods A total of 60 patients with lower respiratory tract infection in our hospital from October 2015 to October 2016 were collected, all patients were randomly divided into treatment group(n=30) and control group(n=30). Patients of control group were treated with conventional therapy. The treatment group was treated with bisoprolol for 24 hours on the basis of the control group. Two groups of patients were observed in the first second forced expiratory volume (FEV1), forced expiratory volume in the first second accounted for the ratio of forced vital capacity(FEV1/FVC), forced expiratory volume in the first second(FEV1%). The levels of interleukin 6(IL-6), interleukin (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α), procalcitonin(PCT) and other inflammatory mediators were observed of the two groups. Results After treatment, two groups of patients with pulmonary function and inflammatory mediators were improved than before treatment. The FEV1, FEV1/FVC, FEV1% of the treatment group were significantly higher than those of the control group, with statistical significance (P<0.05). The levels of IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α and PCT of the treatment group were significantly lower than those of the control group, with statistical significance(P<0.05). Conclusion Bisoprolol of the treatment of patients with lower respiratory tract infection could significantly improve the lung function and reduce the level of inflammatory mediators, it is worthy of popularization and application.
[Key words] Bisoprolol; Lower respiratory tract infection; Pulmonary function; Inflammatory mediators
下呼吸道感染是臨床上常見(jiàn)的感染性疾病,臨床表現(xiàn)以程度不同的噴嚏、發(fā)熱、流鼻涕、咳嗽等癥狀[1],主要是由病毒、細(xì)菌等感染引起,會(huì)對(duì)患者肺功能及相關(guān)炎癥介質(zhì)造成影響[2],如未得到有效治療可能會(huì)引起慢性系統(tǒng)疾病,嚴(yán)重時(shí)會(huì)危及到患者生命安全。臨床上主要通過(guò)藥物對(duì)炎癥進(jìn)行控制[3],也有報(bào)道對(duì)下呼吸道感染治療進(jìn)行研究,主要側(cè)重于藥物療效,本文使用比索洛爾治療下呼吸道感染并分析其對(duì)肺功能及相關(guān)炎癥介質(zhì)的影響,通過(guò)分析白細(xì)胞介素-6(IL-6)、白細(xì)胞介素-8(IL-8)、腫瘤壞死因子-α(TNF- α)、降鈣素原(PCT)的水平與炎癥感染的關(guān)系深入闡述比索洛爾在治療過(guò)程中的作用。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
選取我院2015年10月~2016年10月收治的60例下呼吸道感染患者進(jìn)行分析。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[4]:(1)所有患者均確診為下呼吸道感染;(2)所有患者近3周內(nèi)均未采用其他藥物及方法治療;(3)經(jīng)過(guò)本醫(yī)院倫理委員會(huì)同意。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)妊娠及哺乳期患者;(2)嚴(yán)重精神疾病患者;(3)比索洛爾藥物過(guò)敏患者。患者均知情并簽訂同意書(shū)。將患者隨機(jī)分為治療組和對(duì)照組,各30例。治療組患者男17例,女13例;年齡41~63歲,平均(53.7±5.7)歲。對(duì)照組患者男18例,女12例;年齡42~64歲,平均(54.3±6.1)歲。兩組患者在年齡、性別等基本資料方面比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。
1.2 方法
對(duì)照組:進(jìn)行常規(guī)治療,采用吸入糖皮質(zhì)激素類(lèi)藥物丙酸倍氯米松氣霧劑(山東京衛(wèi)制藥有限公司,國(guó)藥準(zhǔn)字H37022928)進(jìn)行治療,每日3~4次,每次0.1 mg,可根據(jù)患者具體情況適當(dāng)增加用量,最大劑量每日不超過(guò)1 mg。茶堿緩釋片(廣州邁特興華制藥廠有限公司,國(guó)藥準(zhǔn)字1724H49)每日2次,每次0.1 g,早晚各1次,最大劑量每日不超過(guò)0.9 g[5]。
治療組:在對(duì)照組基礎(chǔ)上采用比索洛爾進(jìn)行治療,比索洛爾片(德國(guó)默克公司,國(guó)藥準(zhǔn)字:X19990258)每日1次,每次2.5 mg,連續(xù)用藥1周,可根據(jù)患者耐受程度過(guò)程中適當(dāng)增加劑量,最大劑量不超過(guò)10 mg,2個(gè)月為1個(gè)療程[6]。
1.3 觀察指標(biāo)
肺功能指標(biāo):患者在治療前和治療后2個(gè)月進(jìn)行肺功能檢查,患者在檢查前做適應(yīng)性練習(xí),進(jìn)行快速吹氣,然后采用肺功能檢測(cè)儀對(duì)患者FEV1、FEV1/FVC、FEV1%進(jìn)行檢測(cè)[7]。
炎癥介質(zhì)水平:治療前后,于上午采集患者空腹靜脈血15 mL,3000轉(zhuǎn)/min離心10 min,取血清置于-20℃保存?zhèn)溆?。采用日本協(xié)和醫(yī)藥株式會(huì)社AP-960全自動(dòng)酶聯(lián)免疫分析儀,通過(guò)酶聯(lián)免疫吸附法(ELISA法)測(cè)定血清腫瘤壞死因子-α(TNF-α)、白細(xì)胞介素-6(IL-6)、白細(xì)胞介素-8(IL-8)、降鈣素原(PCT)水平[8]。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
研究數(shù)據(jù)采用SPSS23.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行處理,計(jì)量資料符合正態(tài)分布,結(jié)果以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,比較采用t檢驗(yàn),計(jì)數(shù)資料采用χ2檢驗(yàn),P<0.05表示差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 兩組患者治療前后肺功能指標(biāo)比較
治療后,治療組患者的FEV1、FEV1/FVC、FEV1%指標(biāo)明顯優(yōu)于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。
2.2 兩組患者治療前后炎癥介質(zhì)水平比較
治療后,治療組患者的IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α、PCT水平降低程度明顯優(yōu)于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)
2.3 兩組患者不良反應(yīng)情況
兩組患者治療過(guò)程中均無(wú)嚴(yán)重不良反應(yīng)情況發(fā)生,其中治療組出現(xiàn)失眠1例(3.3%),對(duì)照組出現(xiàn)失眠1例、腹脹1例共2例(6.7%),兩組患者不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率無(wú)明顯差異(P>0.05),兩組患者不良反應(yīng)均未對(duì)治療造成影響。
3 討論
下呼吸道感染主要表現(xiàn)為肺炎、支氣管炎及支氣管擴(kuò)張等[9],是臨床上常見(jiàn)的感染性疾病,其發(fā)病與微生物感染、年齡、微量元素缺乏、環(huán)境污染等危險(xiǎn)因素有關(guān)。發(fā)病機(jī)制尚未完全明確,患者發(fā)病過(guò)程中經(jīng)常會(huì)引起肺功能及白細(xì)胞介素6(IL-6)、白細(xì)胞介素8(IL-8)、腫瘤壞死因子α(TNF- α)、PCT等相關(guān)炎癥介質(zhì)水平的變化[10]。IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α是多功能因子,在人體免疫應(yīng)答、炎癥反應(yīng)中具有重要作用。有報(bào)道[11]顯示IL-6、IL-8、TNF- α水平與肺部炎癥有相關(guān)性。PCT是一種蛋白質(zhì),可以作為診斷細(xì)菌炎性疾病感染的參照指標(biāo)。比索洛爾是β1腎上腺素能受體阻滯劑,具有高選擇性,在正常用藥過(guò)程中能夠抑制炎癥反應(yīng)控制病情,并且不會(huì)對(duì)肺功能產(chǎn)生明顯影響[12]。而常規(guī)的治療方法主要是通過(guò)控制氣管炎癥和緩解氣管擴(kuò)張等急性癥狀為主,雖然能夠在短時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)揮一定作用,但是長(zhǎng)時(shí)間用藥會(huì)使患者對(duì)藥物產(chǎn)生耐受性,不利于后期的治療[13]。
本研究結(jié)果顯示比索洛爾能夠改善患者的臨床癥狀,治療組患者治療后FEV1、FEV1/FVC、FEV1%等肺功能指標(biāo)得到明顯改善,臨床效果明顯優(yōu)于對(duì)照組(P<0.05),表明比索洛爾在治療過(guò)程中能夠有效改善患者的肺功能。治療后患者IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α、PCT水平明顯降低,治療組IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α、PCT降低程度明顯優(yōu)于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。下呼吸道感染患者的T淋巴細(xì)胞、中性粒細(xì)胞、巨噬細(xì)胞等受到影響而分泌IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α。IL-6是一種多功能細(xì)胞因子能夠誘導(dǎo)T淋巴細(xì)胞激活產(chǎn)生一系列反應(yīng),并促進(jìn)炎癥持續(xù)惡化[14-15]。在患者病情發(fā)作過(guò)程中IL-6水平明顯升高,而在患者病情緩解后IL-6水平迅速下降,有研究[16]發(fā)現(xiàn)IL-6水平與患者病情的嚴(yán)重程度有相關(guān)性。IL-8能夠趨化多種炎癥細(xì)胞從而促使炎癥介質(zhì)的釋放,適量的IL-8對(duì)預(yù)防感染有積極作用,但是過(guò)量的IL-8會(huì)促使炎癥反應(yīng)加劇[17],研究[18]發(fā)現(xiàn)IL-8水平與炎癥情況具有相關(guān)性,在患者病情發(fā)作過(guò)程中IL-8水平會(huì)明顯升高。TNF-α是一種多肽類(lèi)細(xì)胞因子,具有介導(dǎo)炎癥反應(yīng)、抗感染等作用,TNF-α與IL-6、IL-8具有相互誘生的作用[19],患者在病情發(fā)作時(shí)TNF- α水平明顯升高,TNF-α過(guò)量可能引起炎癥反應(yīng)的加劇。研究[20]發(fā)現(xiàn)TNF-α水平與感染情況的嚴(yán)重程度有關(guān)。PCT是診斷細(xì)菌性炎癥的特異性指標(biāo),患者在病情發(fā)作過(guò)程中會(huì)升高,在炎癥得到控制患者逐漸恢復(fù)后,PCT水平會(huì)逐漸降低?;颊卟捎帽人髀鍫栔委熀驣L-6、IL-8、TNF-α、PCT水平得到了明顯改善,表明比索洛爾在治療感染抑制炎癥方面具有良好的效果。
綜上所述,比索洛爾治療下呼吸道感染患者,能夠明顯改善患者肺功能,有效降低患者相關(guān)炎癥介質(zhì)水平,值得推廣應(yīng)用。
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(收稿日期:2017-04-17)