吳榮華
近幾年全國(guó)卷的書(shū)面表達(dá)所提供的要點(diǎn)信息較為簡(jiǎn)單,但同時(shí)也指出“可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié),以使行文連貫”。這種靈活的命題方式既給了考生較大的發(fā)揮空間,又對(duì)考生提出了更高要求。但寫(xiě)作時(shí),有些考生僅僅簡(jiǎn)單翻譯所給信息點(diǎn),文章就顯得單調(diào)乏味,字?jǐn)?shù)不足,達(dá)不到交際的目的。還有些考生信口開(kāi)河,信馬由韁,結(jié)果詳略不當(dāng),偏離主題。此時(shí),我們應(yīng)該合理拓展顯性信息,運(yùn)用以下技巧挖掘隱性信息,才能做到適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)。
一、增加原因
(2008年全國(guó)II卷)參加中文學(xué)習(xí)班。
Here are a few suggestions. First, it is important to take a Chinese course, as youll be able to learn from the teacher and practice with your fellow students. 以下是幾點(diǎn)建議。首先,上漢語(yǔ)課很重要,因?yàn)槟隳芟蚶蠋煂W(xué)習(xí),和同學(xué)們一起練習(xí)。
二、增加結(jié)果
(2011年全國(guó)II卷) 贊賞該報(bào)優(yōu)點(diǎn):①兼顧國(guó)內(nèi)外新聞;②介紹名人成功故事
First, it covers both national and international news so that, by simply turning the pages, I can learn all important things that have happened during the week. Equally attractive are the success stories of world-famous people, which help me understand how a person can work hard to make the world a better place. 首先,它報(bào)道了國(guó)內(nèi)和國(guó)際新聞,以至于僅僅翻一下頁(yè)面,我就能了解本周發(fā)生的所有重要的事情。同樣吸引人的是名人的成功故事,他們的故事幫助我理解一個(gè)人怎樣努力使世界變得更美好。
三、增加目的
(2016年全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)暑假想去一家外貿(mào)公司兼職。
In order to get some practical experience, I am planning to take a part-time job in a foreign capital company. 為了得到一些實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn),我計(jì)劃在一家外資公司做兼職。
四、增加條件
(2015年全國(guó)II卷)邀外教Lucy去敬老院。
If you are able to come with us, please let us know and well wait for you at the gate at 9 in the morning. 如果你能來(lái),請(qǐng)讓我們知道,我們上午九點(diǎn)會(huì)在門(mén)口等你。
(2013年全國(guó)II卷)請(qǐng)美國(guó)朋友Tom代賣自制中國(guó)結(jié)。
If anyone wants to know more about the knots, let them write to me. Also, do let me know if you need further information. Thank you! 如果有人想更多了解中國(guó)結(jié),讓他們寫(xiě)信給我。而且,如果你需要更多信息一定要讓我知道。謝謝。
五、增加過(guò)程
(2015年全國(guó)II卷)(敬老院)活動(dòng):包餃子、表演節(jié)目等。
Well go and make dumplings and cakes with the elderly people there. Well also spend some fun time together singing, dancing and playing games, which we hope will make them happy.
我們將去那兒與老人一起包餃子、做蛋糕。我們也會(huì)一起開(kāi)心地唱歌、跳舞和做游戲,我們希望這些活動(dòng)會(huì)使他們開(kāi)心。
(2012年全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)生日聚會(huì)內(nèi)容:生日歌、蛋糕、游戲等。
When he comes, well light the candles and sing“Happy Birthday”together for him. Then the cake will be cut and well sing songs and play games. Itll be nice to see how excited he will be. 他來(lái)的時(shí)候我們會(huì)點(diǎn)亮蠟燭,一起為他唱生日快樂(lè)歌。接著切蛋糕唱歌做游戲。很高興看見(jiàn)他多么激動(dòng)。
六、增加舉例
(2014年全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)業(yè)余生活。
In my free time, Ill continue to take regular exercise, such as swimming, running and various ball games. On my holidays, Ill travel around the world. In a word, my life will be much richer and more colorful. 我有空時(shí)會(huì)繼續(xù)經(jīng)常鍛煉,比如游泳、跑步和各種球類運(yùn)動(dòng)。假期我會(huì)環(huán)游世界??傊?,我的生活將會(huì)更加豐富多彩。
(2011年全國(guó)Ⅰ卷) 學(xué)習(xí)暑期課程遇到一些困難,求助內(nèi)容:希望得到學(xué)校輔導(dǎo)中心(Learning Center)的幫助。
But I have some difficulties with note-taking and I have no idea of how to use the library. I was told the Learning Center provides help for students and Im anxious to get help from you. 但是我在做筆記方面有困難,而且不知道如何使用圖書(shū)館。我得知學(xué)校輔導(dǎo)中心可以為考生提供幫助,因此渴望得到你們的幫助。
七、增加展望
(2012年全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)邀約外教Susan參加小明的生日聚會(huì)。
Im sure youll have a good time at the party, too. 我確信你在聚會(huì)上也會(huì)玩得很高興。
(2011年全國(guó)II卷)提出建議:刊登指導(dǎo)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的文章。
As a young student, I suggest that Global Mirror carry articles to guide us in our English learning, and I hope that it will become even more popular. 作為一名年輕考生,我建議Global Mirror周報(bào)刊登文章引導(dǎo)我們學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ),我希望它會(huì)變得更加受歡迎。
總之,增加細(xì)節(jié)應(yīng)該畫(huà)龍點(diǎn)睛而非畫(huà)蛇添足。這就要求考生根據(jù)題材、體裁以及所給信息,從實(shí)際需要出發(fā),短話長(zhǎng)說(shuō),進(jìn)行合理有效的補(bǔ)述和追述,以使文章有血有肉、連貫飽滿。
責(zé)任編輯 蔣小青