巴西記者眼中的衢州人文

陳霞?范少杰

衢州，成為巴西國(guó)家電視臺(tái)此次來(lái)中國(guó)采訪拍攝北京、杭州后的第三座城市。衢州憑借什么吸引國(guó)際眼球？三天之中，巴西記者輾轉(zhuǎn)三衢大地，以自己的視角聚焦人文風(fēng)貌、解碼人文之美。

2017年9月，中國(guó)將舉辦金磚國(guó)家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人第九次會(huì)晤。不久前，同為金磚國(guó)家的巴西，應(yīng)邀到中國(guó)拍攝一部主題為《中國(guó)的改革發(fā)展成就》的紀(jì)錄片，向巴西民眾介紹中國(guó)城市面貌，展現(xiàn)中國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展及人文風(fēng)貌的現(xiàn)狀與前景，增強(qiáng)中國(guó)在巴西的影響力。

教育是一個(gè)民族文化傳承的依托

“我本人十分想念母校的這個(gè)公園，在中國(guó)，人們認(rèn)為有水的地方就能聚集靈氣?！痹妥x于衢州二中的中國(guó)中央電視臺(tái)海外聯(lián)絡(luò)部領(lǐng)隊(duì)付為民，一踏進(jìn)校園，指著一池綠水，向巴西國(guó)家電視臺(tái)攝制組人員介紹。

衢州行，四名巴西記者在兩名中國(guó)同行的陪同下，首先來(lái)到這座名校采訪。

“在巴西，中學(xué)校園只是一棟樓房?！卑臀麟娨暸_(tái)主持人普麗西拉看著周邊郁郁蔥蔥的校園景色不由感嘆：“這里看起來(lái)就像一所大學(xué)，如此美麗的校園一定能為學(xué)生帶來(lái)很多靈感。”

在校史館，雙方暢聊起兩國(guó)的教育。巴西記者就“中國(guó)的高考對(duì)學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)有多重要？通過(guò)高考可以考核學(xué)生哪方面能力？”等問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了采訪。衢州二中校長(zhǎng)潘志強(qiáng)回答：“高考可以考驗(yàn)一個(gè)學(xué)生對(duì)知識(shí)體系的掌握情況，反映學(xué)生對(duì)人生的定位與追求，部分學(xué)生愿意付出更多的時(shí)間和精力來(lái)完成學(xué)業(yè)，取得更高的目標(biāo)。”

巴西記者十分關(guān)注中國(guó)教育模式，對(duì)中國(guó)高考實(shí)情也充滿好奇?！敖裉斓膶W(xué)生就是中國(guó)的明天以及未來(lái)，教育是科學(xué)知識(shí)和民族文化傳承的重要依托?！痹趫D書館內(nèi)，普麗西拉向?qū)W生們了解他們?nèi)绾螠?zhǔn)備高考以及平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)生活狀況，她認(rèn)為兩國(guó)教育都有值得彼此學(xué)習(xí)和借鑒的地方。

“中國(guó)目前正在面臨新高考改革，改革后把更多的選擇權(quán)還給學(xué)生，試卷難度在下降，對(duì)學(xué)生的綜合能力要求卻越來(lái)越高，這也是中國(guó)教育未來(lái)的趨勢(shì)?！迸酥緩?qiáng)向巴西記者介紹，學(xué)校在不斷尋求更適合學(xué)生發(fā)展的氛圍來(lái)感化學(xué)生，提倡師生平等相處，或是以學(xué)生為中心，重點(diǎn)培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的核心價(jià)值觀。

“把衢州作為采訪城市，是因?yàn)獒橹菸幕滋N(yùn)深厚，并且有不錯(cuò)的發(fā)展。”付為民說(shuō)，選擇衢州二中作為其中的一個(gè)拍攝點(diǎn)，是其開放的校園環(huán)境和濃郁的國(guó)際化氣息吸引著他們。

近年來(lái)，衢州二中已經(jīng)與加拿大、丹麥、瑞典、德國(guó)和韓國(guó)等國(guó)家的學(xué)校結(jié)成國(guó)際友好交流學(xué)校，致力于開展國(guó)際理解教育，為學(xué)生提供大量參與國(guó)際交流的機(jī)會(huì)。巴西記者因此提到，校方是否會(huì)擔(dān)憂外國(guó)文化對(duì)中國(guó)文化的沖擊。潘志強(qiáng)回答：“我們?cè)趥鞒忻褡逦幕拇蟊尘跋挛{更多的外國(guó)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，學(xué)好外國(guó)語(yǔ)，做好中國(guó)人?！?/p>

“衢州二中是一所包容的學(xué)校，自然會(huì)吸納不同文化背景、語(yǔ)言、膚色的人進(jìn)入校園?！迸酥緩?qiáng)表示，教科書不是學(xué)校的世界，世界才是學(xué)校的教科書，培養(yǎng)“具有中國(guó)文化底蘊(yùn)、同時(shí)又具有國(guó)際視野和溝通能力的學(xué)生”是學(xué)校的辦學(xué)宗旨之一。

文化是一座城市的底蘊(yùn)與風(fēng)貌

天藍(lán)水綠，鳥語(yǔ)花香。在彌漫著濃厚的中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化氛圍的衢州孔氏南宗家廟，孔子第75代嫡長(zhǎng)孫孔祥楷先生在后花園大中堂以品茗會(huì)客，與巴西記者暢談孔夫子思想對(duì)中國(guó)乃至世界的影響，以及孔子的主要教育理念。

孔祥楷先生提到，“中國(guó)教育很大程度上受孔夫子影響，例如2500多年前，孔夫子說(shuō)有教無(wú)類，就如今天所提倡的教育平等。孔夫子主張和平，提倡政權(quán)掌握者愛護(hù)平民百姓等理念，也符合各國(guó)人民的希冀，所以現(xiàn)在有很多思想家、學(xué)者來(lái)中國(guó)，將孔子思想翻譯為本國(guó)文字帶回自己國(guó)家。”

不僅是儒學(xué)文化，極具禮制性特色的建筑與庭院景觀也吸引著巴西記者的眼球。采訪完孔祥楷先生后，巴西攝制組在園內(nèi)取景、留影甚多，他們覺得“這里非常特別，很有純正的東方韻味”。

中國(guó)儒學(xué)館是傳承弘揚(yáng)優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化生動(dòng)有效的載體和平臺(tái)，巴西記者在集儒學(xué)文化的體驗(yàn)中心、展示平臺(tái)、傳承推廣中心和儒學(xué)典籍的收藏中心于一體的儒學(xué)館內(nèi)，細(xì)細(xì)聆聽工作人員講解后，再進(jìn)行拍攝，希望將更多的中國(guó)儒學(xué)文化精髓帶回巴西。

琳瑯滿目。衢州市博物館一具高達(dá)4米的“禮賢江山龍”骨骼化石，令巴西記者驚嘆不已?！靶⌒∫蛔鞘?，這里的館藏文物太豐富了，有3萬(wàn)余件，開館至今已接待觀眾700余萬(wàn)人次……”巴西記者向工作人員詳細(xì)了解內(nèi)容后，一遍遍背誦，再通過(guò)鏡頭、話筒轉(zhuǎn)述給巴西民眾?！皻v史從博物館開始?！?/p>

“我們走”“我是記者”“太美了”……一路上，巴西攝制組成員普麗西拉閑時(shí)就向翻譯學(xué)習(xí)簡(jiǎn)單中文，她表示中國(guó)是個(gè)有趣的國(guó)家，所以她想學(xué)習(xí)中文，雖然中文于她而言比較難學(xué)。

傍晚時(shí)分，水亭門夕陽(yáng)醉美，巴西記者用鏡頭記錄下了這一幕，語(yǔ)言不同的他們不斷直呼“真漂亮”。城樓上，普麗西拉用手機(jī)錄了一段視頻，發(fā)到社交平臺(tái)，把所見所聞介紹給她的朋友。

衢州只是中國(guó)的一個(gè)剪影，它的風(fēng)貌風(fēng)情，通過(guò)巴西國(guó)家電視臺(tái)的傳播在繼續(xù)。在衢州，巴西記者還到了紀(jì)念中華第一神針、明代針灸大師楊繼洲的“針圣”故里及九龍湖風(fēng)景區(qū)等地采訪拍攝。他們告訴筆者，雖然時(shí)間短暫，但已經(jīng)感覺無(wú)論自然還是人文，衢州“是一座非常美麗的城市”。

（本文攝影：陳霞）

Journalists of Brazilian National TV Visit Quzhou

By Chen Xia， Fan Shaojie

In April 2017， a crew of four television journalists from Brazilian National Television visited Quzhou， a key city in the southwest of Zhejiang， a coastal city in eastern China. At the invitation of the CCTV， the biggest Chinese television network， the Brazilian journalists came to China to make a documentary on Chinas reform and development before the summit meeting of BRIC to be held in China in September 2017.

Quzhou was the third city the Brazilians visited. The other two destinations were Beijing and Hangzhou. Accompanied by two CCTV colleagues， the Brazilian journalists visited Number 2 Middle School of Quzhou. It happened that one of the CCTV journalists was Fu Weimin， a graduate of the middle school and now a leader of the liaison department of the CCTV. He was excited to show the Brazilians around.

Priscilar， an anchorwoman of the Brazilian National Television， was impressed by the campus of the middle school. In Brazil， a middle school often has only one building， she commented. The middle school in Quzhou looked more like a college in her eyes.

The Brazilians were curious about （Chinas national college entrance examination） and its impact on general education. At the school history room， the Brazilian journalists quizzed headmaster Pan Zhiqiang about . At the school library， Priscilar interviewed some students there to find out how they prepared for and what their everyday life on the campus was like.

Fu Weimin explains that the Brazilians came to the campus simply because the middle school has been open to the outside world. In recent years， the middle school has twinned with middle schools in Canada， Denmark， Sweden， Germany and Republic of Korea. The cooperation with these schools gives the students of Number Two Middle School a lot of opportunities to engage in international exchanges and cooperation programs. When asked whether he was worried about the negative effects of foreign cultures upon Chinese culture， Pan Zhiqiang replied， “Textbooks are not the world of our school. The world is our textbooks. The school aims to cultivate students with an international vision and communication capabilities.”

The next top for the Brazilian journalists was the Confucius Family Temple and the family residence in Quzhou. The temple and the Confucian family residence were built in the early years of the Southern Song （1127-1279） after the Northern Song collapsed. The royal family escaped to the south and the Confucius family followed. The temple and the family residence were erected in Quzhou under the imperial decree.

The Brazilian journalists interviewed Kong Xiangkai， a 75th-generation descendent of Confucius at the Dazhong Hall in the garden of the family residence compound. Kong talked about Confucius influence at home and abroad and his ancestors major ideas on education.

The Brazilian journalists found the architectural magnificence of the temple and the garden impressive. After the interview， they spent quite a lot of time filming the ambiance and they took photos of themselves in the garden.

The journalists visited Quzhou Museum where they wowed at a 4-meter-tall fossil skeleton of a dinosaur， found in Jiangshan， a county-level city under the jurisdiction of Quzhou， and named after Jiangshan. The visitors were surprised to learn that the museum in such a small city boasts a collection of more than 30，000 cultural objects and that the museum has received more than 7 million visitors since its first opening to the general public.

The Brazilian journalists also visited the former home of Yang Jizhou， an acupuncture doctor of the Ming Dynasty （1368-1644）， one of the best known acupuncture doctors of the country. They also visited the Nine Dragon Lake scenic zone in Quzhou. The visitors from South America found the city of culture and history was beautiful.