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    高中英語觀點對比類議論文寫作模式研究

    2017-05-09 10:26:28驥1肖騰英2

    付++驥1++肖騰英2

    【摘 要】本文主要通過對正反對比類議論文的概述,以及其寫作提綱、段落語句擴(kuò)充、寫作模板和寫作演練等方面以實驗對比研究的方式,研究了高中英語觀點對比類議論文寫作模式,以在高三繁忙的復(fù)習(xí)備考階段幫助學(xué)生快速的提升英語寫作(一)的得分率。最后由經(jīng)實驗具體數(shù)據(jù)表明,取得了良好的效果。

    【關(guān)鍵詞】正反對比類議論文 寫作提綱 段落語句擴(kuò)充 寫作模板 寫作演練

    (本文榮獲重慶市第十一屆全市基礎(chǔ)教育課程改革征文大賽一等獎)

    【中圖分類號】G632.41 【文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼】A 【文章編號】2095-3089(2017)07-0001-02

    一、引言

    英語寫作教學(xué)一直以來是英語教學(xué)中的重點和難點。尤其是高三學(xué)生每到頻繁的月考就知道寫作中就存在著各種各樣的問題。尤為嚴(yán)重的是普通句型較多,差不多就是口水話,高級句型寥寥無幾,寫作水平得不到體現(xiàn)。如果讓學(xué)生從基礎(chǔ)抓起, 顯然對于學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)繁重,而又不得不時時緊張備考的高三學(xué)生來說,簡直耗不起如此巨大的時間和精力。為了提高學(xué)生的寫作水平,只有我們英語教師不斷地鉆研作文的輔導(dǎo)方法,積累更多的切實可行的英語寫作模式教予學(xué)生,這也不失為快速﹑有效﹑全面地解決問題,提高學(xué)生英語寫作水平的好方法。

    然而,高中英語正反對比議論文的寫作是高考英語寫作的重點,是重慶市英語考題中寫作(一)經(jīng)??疾榈囊环N文體。鑒于此,筆者對此類寫作進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的研究。本文從正反對比類議論文的寫作提綱、段落語句擴(kuò)充和寫作模板進(jìn)行了分析。并提出了正反對比類議論文寫作模板,用于對學(xué)生的指導(dǎo),使其能利用所提供的議論文模板輕松地完成寫作任務(wù)。

    二、正反對比類議論文模式的研究

    1.問題

    1)背景研究

    本研究的實驗對象班級是重慶市開縣臨江中學(xué)高三(23)班(學(xué)校二層次的重點班)和高三(27)班(學(xué)校普通班),人數(shù)分別為50人和55人。本研究的對照班級是高三(10)班(學(xué)校第一層次的宏志班)、高三(22)班(學(xué)校二層次的重點班)、高三(13)班(學(xué)校普通班),人數(shù)分別為50人、56人和55人。

    2)發(fā)現(xiàn)問題

    通過對幾次高三試卷的分析發(fā)現(xiàn)寫作主觀的問題如下:詞匯錯用較多;文章結(jié)構(gòu)不清晰和句式簡單化,高級句型少。尤其后兩者較為嚴(yán)重。

    3)收集信息、觀察分析

    通過對學(xué)生實施問卷調(diào)查了解成績優(yōu)秀學(xué)生的寫作狀況,通過與學(xué)生訪談初步確定需要重點培訓(xùn)寫作中的高級句式的表達(dá)。

    2.對策

    議論文是對某個問題或某件事進(jìn)行分析、評論,表示自己的觀點、立場、態(tài)度和主張的一種文體。正反對比類議論文是從正反兩方面辨證地說明某個觀點,對比通常側(cè)重分析兩者之間的不同觀點、利與弊等。所謂模式,即圖式,讓此類寫作在學(xué)生的頭腦中形成圖式。筆者就針對以上問題從寫作提綱、段落語句擴(kuò)充、寫作模板和寫作演練四個方面對正反對比議論文的寫作實施方案。

    3.行動

    基于上述方案,我們開始了為期八周的正反對比議議論文寫作教學(xué)研究。使用數(shù)據(jù)都是原至開縣進(jìn)修學(xué)校網(wǎng)上閱卷電腦采集的結(jié)果。其實施步驟如下:

    (一)寫作提綱

    Part1: (第一段) 講述要討論的觀點

    Part2:(第二或三段) 給出正反兩方面論證

    Part3: (第四段) 總結(jié)或給出自己的觀點

    (二)段落語句擴(kuò)充

    Part1: (第一段) 講述要討論的觀點

    As is shown in the materials above, ……(介紹討論主題)?!ㄟ^渡句)

    介紹討論主題句式:

    1.我們舉行了一場討論,討論內(nèi)容是……

    We had a discussion about whether it is necessary to start learning English from childhood

    2.我們已經(jīng)作了一個調(diào)查,調(diào)查內(nèi)容是學(xué)生如何選擇……

    Weve had a survey on how to choose their courses, majors and universities.

    3.我寫信是要告訴你我們的一些分歧,內(nèi)容是……

    We have held a disagreement about whether it is good or not for a top student to share a desk with a slower student.

    4. We have held different opinions about whether it is good or not for a top student to share a desk with a slower student.

    介紹過渡句的句式:

    1.在這個問題上大家意見有分歧。

    Opinions are divided on this issue.

    2.主要有兩種不同意見。

    Opinions are mainly divided into two groups.

    3.然而,在這件事上不同的人有不同的看法。

    Different people, however, have different opinions on this matter.

    4.Their views/ideas/opinions on it vary/differ from person to person.

    Part2:(第二或三段) 給出正反兩方面論證 (正方A,反方B)

    (A的觀點)+(遞進(jìn)連詞);(轉(zhuǎn)折連詞);(B的觀點)+(遞進(jìn)/并列連詞)

    A的觀點:

    A think that …

    A support/prefer the idea that …

    A hold the view that…

    A are in favor of the idea that…

    A stick to the idea that…

    表遞進(jìn)連詞:whats more,besides,furthermore(而且),moreover(此外), in addition, as well.

    表轉(zhuǎn)折連詞:On the other hand, However, On the contrary, But,

    B的觀點:

    However, B has his own thoughts that…

    However, they didnt completely realize…

    Actually, they dont know…

    However, … of the students think…

    On the other hand, …of the students think…

    However, others have different opinions.

    But …of the students think…

    Others argue that …In their opinion,…

    Part3: (第四段) 總結(jié)或給出自己的觀點

    本人觀點:As far as I am concerned, …….

    In my opinion, …….;

    Its my opinion that……

    For one reason,…. For another reason…. In a word,…

    總結(jié)句: Compared with…, I think, ….

    No matter …., (支持的內(nèi)容)

    Only in a condition where…. can he/we/I +(動詞)…或者

    Only in this way(that/in which)….can he/we/I +(動詞)…

    (三)寫作模板

    為了能更好的展示學(xué)生的寫作水平,能高效地提高高三的學(xué)生的寫作能力。在模板設(shè)計中,筆者盡量考慮了高級句型的寫作,并做到靈活多樣性。在模板中充分運用了名詞性從句、定語從句、狀語從句(包括非謂語動詞做狀語)和特殊句式等高級句式。

    As is shown in the materials above, we had a heated discussion /had a disagreement about/on weather ...…. (Their views/ideas/opinions on it vary/differ from person to person. )

    (A)say / think / believe that…. Whats more/Besides/ Furthermore/ Moreover/In addition, whats more important is that…. However, (B)hold the view that……Besides, ……

    As far as I am concerned, compared with A…, I think, B…. No matter …., (支持的內(nèi)容). Only in this way that/in which…/ Only in a condition where…. can he/we/I +(動詞)…

    (四)寫作演練

    寫作一(滿分15分)(重慶市2014年高考)

    請結(jié)合材料,按要求用英文寫作。

    “My friend falls,I laugh;my phone falls,I cry"

    要求:(1)就此材料發(fā)表你的看法;

    (2)緊扣材料,有明確的觀點;

    (3)詞數(shù)不少于60;

    (4)在答題卡上作答。

    As is shown in the material above, more and more people care about their phones much more than their friends. It is obvious that there is a warning about what we should focus more on are our friends instead of our phones.

    To be frankly, addicted to playing their phones, many people cant control themselves owing to many functions of the phones. Whats more, they can chat online on the phone and its easy for them to make some new friends. It seems that its very convent to kill time with it. However, they dont realize completely they have kept away from their friends who are in need of their help, when they are crazy about their phones.

    In my opinion, compared with the phones, I think, the friendship is much more precious than them. Only in this way that we should care more about our friends in the daily life can we have a wonderful life to live.

    寫作一(滿分15分)(重慶市2014年高三模擬)

    請結(jié)合材料,按要求用英文寫作,詞數(shù)不少于80。

    According to some surveys, when students need to finish some tasks, they like to find the answers, only depending on the internet instead of their own creative thinking.

    要求:(1)就此材料發(fā)表你的感想;

    (2)應(yīng)緊扣材料、有明確的觀點;

    (3)在答題卡上作答。

    As is shown in the materials above, there is a survey about whether students should make use of the Internet to gain information they need or not. Their opinions on it vary from person to person.

    Some students think it is convenient for them to surf the Internet for some useful information, thus working out their questions without more thinking. Besides, they can spare much more time to study other subjects. However, some other students firmly believe that doing tasks independently is of great significance. Whats more, not only can they gain confidence in themselves but also they can build up their creative abilities while doing tasks.

    As far as I am concerned, compared with referring to the Internet for more information, I think, doing tasks independently is much more important. No matter what difficulty we meet in our tasks, we may as well do it independently. Only in this way can we not lose interest in studying.

    4.統(tǒng)計結(jié)果與數(shù)據(jù)分析

    1)高三(23)、(27)班和高三(13)、(22)、(10)班實驗前的寫作一的對比結(jié)果

    2)高三(23)、(27)班和高三(13)、(22)、(10)班實驗后的寫作一的對比結(jié)果

    3)對寫作實驗班的訪談結(jié)果

    在本次實驗結(jié)束時,我們還對實驗班的學(xué)生進(jìn)行這次實驗培訓(xùn)的感受訪談。結(jié)果顯示學(xué)生在寫作類似的作文中比較輕松。知道怎么某篇布局;知道怎么開頭怎么結(jié)尾;知道運用那些高級句型。以前是無話可說,現(xiàn)在是話語未盡的感覺,而且寫作(二)的寫作水平也得到一定程度的提高。

    三、總結(jié)與反思

    首先,采用正反對比議論文的寫作模式會給學(xué)生寫作帶來非常輕松的感覺。通過實驗前后的數(shù)據(jù)表明,實驗班的學(xué)生的寫作分?jǐn)?shù)得到了明顯的提高。這種教學(xué)模式在高三寫作備考中是值得推廣的。

    其次,我們對正反對比議論文的寫作模式的研究,讓學(xué)生對高級句式的寫作更有針對性,從而大大地提高了語句的表達(dá)能力,而且句式也更加豐富。

    最后,由于英語寫作屬于創(chuàng)作性的范疇,應(yīng)不居于形式的束縛。寫作模式化有僵硬之感,但它對于考生應(yīng)試來說應(yīng)當(dāng)不失為一種好方法。因為閱卷教師通常不會看到具有相同的模式的作文,而且浩瀚的考生大軍中,同一位閱卷教師能改到同一個班的兩篇作文概率較小。在他們評分時所看到的作文,仍然覺得它是一篇優(yōu)秀的考生佳作。

    參考文獻(xiàn):

    [1]張道真 《實用英語語法》,外語教學(xué)與研究出版社,2010年11月

    [2]教育部 《義務(wù)教育英語課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(2011版)》,北京師范大學(xué)出版社,2011年

    [3]聞鐘 《高考英語滿分文》,朝華出版社,2011年8月

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