張安國, 劉瑞風(fēng), 劉新峰, 秦清明, 王平玉, 郝志明
實驗研究
精漿和精子對母兔子宮免疫及孕向發(fā)育的影響
張安國, 劉瑞風(fēng), 劉新峰, 秦清明, 王平玉, 郝志明
(天津農(nóng)學(xué)院 動物科學(xué)系,天津300384)
在結(jié)扎子宮頸的情況下,分別在兔同一子宮的兩側(cè)子宮角剖腹注入生理鹽水(對照)、精漿或精子以研究精漿和精子對子宮免疫和孕向發(fā)育的影響。試驗共用母兔18只,每組6只。在注入后72 h時處死試驗用兔,取子宮進(jìn)行一般測量,并切片染色,用圖象采集分析系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行研究。結(jié)果表明:1) 注入子宮的精漿和精子,都能明顯降低黏膜中的肥大細(xì)胞數(shù)量和增加子宮角中沖洗液內(nèi)的細(xì)胞數(shù)(P0.01)。精漿與精子相比,精漿降低黏膜中肥大細(xì)胞數(shù)量的作用更大(P0.05);而精子提高子宮角沖洗液內(nèi)細(xì)胞數(shù)的作用更強(qiáng)(P0.01)。2)無論精漿還是精子,都能顯著(P0.05)或極顯著(P0.01)促進(jìn)子宮(子宮角指數(shù)、子宮角長度和子宮角直徑)、子宮壁(子宮壁厚度、黏膜層厚度、黏膜上皮層厚度和肌層厚度)、黏膜腺體(腺體數(shù)和腺上皮的厚度)以及黏膜血管的孕向發(fā)育。精漿與精子相比,就子宮、子宮壁及黏膜血管的孕向發(fā)育來說,精漿的作用更明顯(P0.05或P0.01);而對子宮黏膜腺體孕向發(fā)育的作用,精漿和精子間沒有明顯差異(P>0.05)。
免疫;孕向發(fā)育;精漿;精子;子宮;兔
近年來的研究表明,精液與子宮內(nèi)膜的接觸能夠促進(jìn)胚胎的生長,能夠提高母畜的受胎率和產(chǎn)仔數(shù)。Carp H J 等研究發(fā)現(xiàn),不與結(jié)扎輸精管的公鼠交配,胚胎移植受體鼠的胚泡著床率會下降,胚胎的發(fā)育生長會減緩[1]。在家畜,胚胎移植受體母畜若未與輸精管結(jié)扎的公畜交配,移植的胚胎雖能正常附植,但胎兒生長和胎盤發(fā)育緩慢[2]。另外,Mah J 等在進(jìn)行豬的配種時發(fā)現(xiàn),自然本交的母豬,若再用輸精管結(jié)扎的公豬交配來補(bǔ)充精漿能夠提高母豬的受胎率和產(chǎn)仔數(shù)[3]。2012年,劉瑞鳳等在兔子上進(jìn)行對比試驗證明,注入精液的兔子宮,其長度、直徑、子宮指數(shù)明顯增加,子宮壁、黏膜層、黏膜上皮層以及腺上皮的厚度顯著增加,黏膜中的腺體和血管明顯增多;子宮沖洗液中的細(xì)胞數(shù)和中性粒細(xì)胞數(shù)顯著增加,黏膜中的肥大細(xì)胞數(shù)明顯減少[5]。在上述研究的基礎(chǔ)上,本試驗就精子和精漿對兔子宮免疫及孕向發(fā)育的影響進(jìn)行探究,以期揭示接觸精子和精漿的子宮所發(fā)生的形態(tài)學(xué)和免疫學(xué)特性的變化及其差異,為提高人工授精和胚胎移植的成功率奠定理論基礎(chǔ)。
1.1 試驗動物
健康的新西蘭白兔20只,空懷,體重2.0~2.5 kg,其中母兔18只,公兔2只。試驗動物購買后,飼養(yǎng)觀察兩周后進(jìn)行試驗。
1.2 試驗方法
試驗方法同我們先前的方法[5]。
2.1 對子宮免疫的影響
如表1所示,子宮角分別注入精漿、精子或生理鹽水后72 h,每平方毫米子宮黏膜內(nèi)的肥大細(xì)胞平均數(shù)精漿組和精子組都極顯著少于對照組(P0.01);精漿組和精子組比較,精漿組也明顯少于精子組(P0.05)。而子宮沖洗液中的細(xì)胞數(shù)精漿組和精子組極顯著高于對照組(P0.01),注射后72 h時,精漿組和精子組分別為32.62±1.18×109/L 和53.40±1.43×109/L,而對照組則只有8.87 ± 0.36×109/L;精漿組與精子組比較,精子組也明顯高于精漿組(P0.01)。
2.2 對子宮孕向發(fā)育的影響
2.2.1 對子宮大小和子宮角指數(shù)的影響
上述的數(shù)據(jù)幀構(gòu)成,附帶車輛身份認(rèn)證信息、幀頭和幀尾、校驗位等,每幀總共設(shè)定為300bit。在實際應(yīng)用中,與每輛車發(fā)送幀相關(guān)的汽車,通常為附近的接收車輛,設(shè)定附近車輛為30輛,根據(jù)該車輛密度控制發(fā)射功率,以IEEE802.11p為基礎(chǔ),假設(shè)每車發(fā)送10幀/秒,可以通過統(tǒng)計和計算,計算出數(shù)據(jù)幀所使用的總數(shù)據(jù)量。每秒為:
表1 子宮注入精漿和精子對子宮黏膜肥大細(xì)胞數(shù)及子宮沖洗液細(xì)胞數(shù)的影響Table 1 The effect of seminal plasma and sperm on the number of the mast cells in uterine mucosa and the cells in uterine flushing fluid
表2 子宮注入精漿和精子對子宮角指數(shù)、長度及直徑的影響Table 2 The effect of seminal plasma and sperm on uterine horn index, length and diameter
由表2可看出,子宮注入72 h后,精漿組和精子組子宮角指數(shù)、子宮角長以及子宮角直徑均極顯著大于對照組(P0.01);精漿組與精子組比較,無論是子宮角指數(shù)還是子宮角長和直徑,精漿組都顯著大于精子組(P0.05或P0.01),表明精漿對子宮角指數(shù)、子宮角長和子宮角直徑的孕向發(fā)育的影響更大。
2.2.2 對子宮壁、黏膜層、黏膜上皮層和肌層厚度的影響
與子宮角長和子宮角直徑的增長相類似,子宮角注入精漿和精子72 h后,子宮壁、黏膜層、黏膜上皮層和肌層的厚度都較對照組有極顯著的增加(P0.01);與注入精子相比,子宮注入精漿后,子宮壁和肌層的增生顯著增加(P0.05),黏膜層和黏膜上皮層的增生極顯著增加(P0.01)。詳見表3。
2.2.3 對黏膜腺體和血管的影響
表3 子宮注入精漿和精子對子宮壁、黏膜層、黏膜上皮層和肌層厚度的影響Table 3 The effect of seminal plasma and sperm on thickness of uterus wall, mucosa, mucosal epithelium and muscle layer
表4 子宮注入精漿和精子對子宮黏膜腺體數(shù)、腺上皮厚及血管數(shù)的影響Table 4 The effect of seminal plasma and sperm on number of gland, thickness of glandular epithelium and the number of blood vessel
就精漿和精子對子宮腺體和血管的影響而言,從表4看,精漿組和精子組子宮黏膜中的腺體數(shù)、腺上皮厚以及血管數(shù)均明顯多于或厚于對照組(P0.05或P0.01);與注入精子比較,子宮注入精漿后,每平方毫米子宮黏膜中的腺體數(shù)和血管數(shù)以及腺上皮的厚度都有所增加,但只有血管數(shù)才具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義上的差異。每平方毫米子宮黏膜中的血管數(shù)精漿組為2.48±0.13,精子組則為1.75±0.07。
3.1 對子宮免疫的影響
有研究表明,在整個妊娠期小鼠和田鼠子宮內(nèi)肥大細(xì)胞的數(shù)量都呈先減少后增加的變化,據(jù)認(rèn)為這種變化與胚泡的附植有關(guān)[4]。胚泡植入子宮壁時肥大細(xì)胞數(shù)量減少,可使子宮局部免疫水平暫時低下,從而使具有父方抗原特征的胚泡不被排斥,可能是胚泡不被母體排斥的免疫學(xué)機(jī)制之一。我們先前的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)兔的精液可明顯降低母兔子宮壁肥大細(xì)胞數(shù)量,生理鹽水組子宮壁肥大細(xì)胞數(shù)量為3.72±0.04個,而精液組只有2.85±0.05個[5]。從本研究表1看,精漿和精子比較,顯然精漿的這種降低肥大細(xì)胞數(shù)量的作用更大。
3.2 精液對子宮孕向發(fā)育的影響
精液注入兔子宮腔72 h后,可以顯著增加子宮的大小;可明顯增加子宮壁、黏膜層和黏膜上皮層的厚度;可明顯增加黏膜中腺管和血管的數(shù)量,可顯著增加腺上皮的厚度[4]。精漿和精子在其中伴有的作用,從本研究表2、表3和表4來看,在子宮角指數(shù)、子宮角長度、子宮壁厚度、黏膜層厚度、黏膜上皮層厚度、肌層厚度以及單位面積黏膜內(nèi)的血管數(shù)方面,注入子宮的精漿對子宮孕向發(fā)育的作用明顯優(yōu)于精子,表明精漿才是精液中促進(jìn)子宮壁及其黏膜血管孕向發(fā)育的主要成分。而對于子宮黏膜腺體數(shù)量和腺上皮層的厚度,精漿和精子的作用差異不明顯,表明精液對子宮黏膜腺體孕向發(fā)育的作用是精子和精漿共同作用的結(jié)果。
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The Effect of Seminal Plasma and Sperm on Immunity and Development of Uterus to Pregnancy in Female Rabbits
ZHANG An-guo,LIU Rui-feng,LIU Xin-feng,QIN Qing-ming,WANG Ping-yu,HAO Zhi-ming
(Department of Animal Science, Tianjin Agricultural College, Tianjin,300384,China)
Under the ligation of the cervix, both side of the same uterus in rabbit were injected with saline, seminal plasma and sperm. The effect of seminal plasma and sperm on the immunity and development of uterus to pregnancy were studied. 18 rabbits were used in the experiment, 6 in each group. The rabbits were killed 72h after injection. Uterus from the rabbits were used to section staining, and the organization pictures were analysised by image gathing system. The results are as follows: 1. The seminal plasma and sperm injected into uterus can reduce the number of mast cell (MC) in mucous membrane and increase the number of the cells in uterine flushing fluid (P0.01). The number of MC in seminal plasma group was also significantly less than sperm group (P0.05), but the number of cells in uterine flushing fluid in sperm group was significantly more than in seminal plasma group (P0.01). 2. Whether seminal plasma or sperm, can significantly promote the development of uterine (index of uterine horn, uterine horn length and diameter), its wall (uterine wall thickness, mucosal thickness, mucosal epithelium thickness, muscle thickness), mucous glands ( the number of gland, glandular epithelium thickness) and blood vessels (the number of blood vessel in unit area) to pregrancy(P0.05 or P0.01). Comparison between seminal plasma and sperm, the effect of seminal plasma on the development of uterine, uterine wall, mucous blood vessels was greater(P0.05 or P0.01), and there is no significant difference between the effect of seminal plasma and sperm on development of the mucoue glands (P>0.05).
Immunity; Development of Uterus to Pregnancy; Seminal Plasma;Sperm; Uterus; Rabbits
S829.1;S814.3
A
1005-2739(2017)02-0003-04
2016-12-09
張安國(1960-),男,陜西三原人,副教授,主要從事動物免疫學(xué)研究。
郝志明(1963-),男,陜西綏德人,碩士,教授,主要從事動物生殖技術(shù)研究。
Email:haozhimingg@163.com