張 潤(rùn),王茂筠,王怡唯,胡 碧,2,雷 飛,3,梁宗安*
·論著·
·專(zhuān)題研究·
肥胖程度及睡眠體位對(duì)阻塞性睡眠呼吸暫停低通氣綜合征患者的影響研究
張 潤(rùn)1,王茂筠1,王怡唯1,胡 碧1,2,雷 飛1,3,梁宗安1*
背景 肥胖是阻塞性睡眠呼吸暫停低通氣綜合征(OSAHS)發(fā)病公認(rèn)的危險(xiǎn)因素之一,改變睡眠體位作為OSAHS的一種治療手段已被廣泛推薦,不同肥胖程度患者改變睡眠體位是否均能影響OSAHS嚴(yán)重程度,國(guó)內(nèi)尚未見(jiàn)相關(guān)研究報(bào)道。目的 探討肥胖程度及睡眠體位對(duì)OSAHS的影響,以及體位性O(shè)SAHS與肥胖相關(guān)指標(biāo)的相關(guān)性。方法 回顧性分析2015年1月—2016年6月四川大學(xué)華西醫(yī)院睡眠呼吸監(jiān)測(cè)室行多導(dǎo)睡眠圖(PSG)監(jiān)測(cè)并診斷為OSAHS的患者678例。收集患者一般資料及PSG監(jiān)測(cè)指標(biāo),根據(jù)體質(zhì)指數(shù)(BMI)將患者分為體質(zhì)量正常組(n=139)、超重組(n=315)、肥胖組(n=224),分析其PSG監(jiān)測(cè)指標(biāo)及體位依賴(lài)性指數(shù);根據(jù)體位依賴(lài)性指數(shù)將患者分為體位性O(shè)SAHS組(n=288)及非體位性O(shè)SAHS組(n=390),分析其肥胖相關(guān)人體測(cè)量指標(biāo)和PSG監(jiān)測(cè)指標(biāo),以及體位性O(shè)SAHS的影響因素。結(jié)果 體質(zhì)量正常組、超重組、肥胖組患者Epworth嗜睡量表(ESS)評(píng)分、微覺(jué)醒指數(shù)、呼吸努力相關(guān)微覺(jué)醒(RERA)指數(shù)、呼吸暫停低通氣指數(shù)(AHI)、血氧飽和度(SaO2)<90%時(shí)間占總睡眠時(shí)間(TST)比例、平均血氧飽和度(MSaO2)、最低血氧飽和度(LSaO2)、非仰臥位AHI、仰臥位AHI、體位依賴(lài)性指數(shù)比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。體位性O(shè)SAHS組患者男性比例、BMI、腰圍、臀圍、腰臀比、ESS評(píng)分、微覺(jué)醒指數(shù)、RERA指數(shù)、AHI、SaO2<90%時(shí)間占TST比例低于非體位性O(shè)SAHS組,MSaO2、LSaO2高于非體位性O(shè)SAHS組(P<0.05)。Spearman相關(guān)分析結(jié)果顯示,體位依賴(lài)性指數(shù)與BMI、腰圍、臀圍、腰臀比均呈負(fù)相關(guān)(rs=-0.295、-0.289、-0.219、-0.236,P<0.001)。多因素Logistic回歸分析結(jié)果顯示,性別〔OR=0.620,95%CI(0.392,0.979),P=0.040〕和BMI〔OR=0.879,95%CI(0.802,0.943),P=0.001〕與體位性O(shè)SAHS有回歸關(guān)系。結(jié)論 OSAHS的病情嚴(yán)重程度與肥胖程度呈正相關(guān),而B(niǎo)MI與體位依賴(lài)性指數(shù)呈負(fù)相關(guān),性別和BMI是體位性O(shè)SAHS的獨(dú)立影響因素,BMI越高,患者改變睡眠體位對(duì)呼吸事件的影響越小,單純改變睡眠體位可能無(wú)法改善該類(lèi)患者的病情,應(yīng)盡早考慮聯(lián)合更為積極的治療。
睡眠呼吸暫停,阻塞性;人體質(zhì)量指數(shù);睡眠;肥胖癥
阻塞性睡眠呼吸暫停低通氣綜合征(obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome,OSAHS)是以在睡眠過(guò)程中反復(fù)發(fā)生呼吸暫停、低通氣及微覺(jué)醒為特征的疾病[1]??梢詫?dǎo)致睡眠結(jié)構(gòu)紊亂、日間嗜睡明顯、記憶力下降,與高血壓、冠心病、肺源性心臟病、腦卒中及代謝性疾病等多器官功能損害密切相關(guān),從而嚴(yán)重影響患者生活質(zhì)量及壽命[2]。根據(jù)我國(guó)現(xiàn)有流行病學(xué)調(diào)查,OSAHS在我國(guó)成年人中的患病率為3.62%~4.81%[3-8],是睡眠呼吸障礙中最常見(jiàn)的疾病之一。體位性O(shè)SAHS是指非仰臥位呼吸暫停低通氣指數(shù)(apnea hypopnea index,AHI)較仰臥位AHI降低50%或更多[9]。研究提示,約56%的OSAHS患者為體位性O(shè)SAHS[10-13]。既往研究表明,改變睡眠體位作為OSAHS的一種治療方式,尤其是對(duì)于體位性O(shè)SAHS患者有十分重要的作用[14-15]。
肥胖是公認(rèn)的導(dǎo)致OSAHS發(fā)病的重要危險(xiǎn)因素之一。肥胖與咽喉部脂肪增加[16-17]、舌頭脂肪增加及體積增大有關(guān)[18]。肥胖癥患者上氣道狹窄程度更為嚴(yán)重,腹部及胸廓脂肪堆積更為明顯,使得縱向氣管牽張力及咽壁張力減弱,胸壁順應(yīng)性下降,肺容量進(jìn)一步下降,加重OSAHS的嚴(yán)重程度[19]。JEONG等[20]發(fā)現(xiàn),肥胖相關(guān)人體測(cè)量指標(biāo)〔如體質(zhì)指數(shù)(body mass index,BMI)、腰圍、全身脂肪含量〕與男性O(shè)SAHS患者的
本研究背景:
體位性阻塞性睡眠呼吸暫停低通氣綜合征(OSAHS)是指非仰臥位呼吸暫停低通氣指數(shù)(AHI)較仰臥位AHI降低50%或更多。既往研究表明改變睡眠體位對(duì)OSAHS患者是一種有效的治療手段,在體位性O(shè)SAHS患者中效果顯著,然而對(duì)于不同肥胖程度的OSAHS患者,改變睡眠體位是否均能有效改善OSAHS嚴(yán)重程度,國(guó)內(nèi)尚未見(jiàn)相關(guān)研究報(bào)道。本研究回顧性分析了678例OSAHS患者的多導(dǎo)睡眠圖(PSG)監(jiān)測(cè)指標(biāo)及肥胖相關(guān)人體測(cè)量指標(biāo),對(duì)不同肥胖程度與睡眠體位對(duì)OSAHS患者的影響進(jìn)行探討。
病情嚴(yán)重程度密切相關(guān),且上述指標(biāo)對(duì)睡眠時(shí)仰臥位呼吸紊亂指數(shù)(respiratory disturbance index,RDI)的影響較側(cè)臥位RDI更大,提示睡眠體位對(duì)OSAHS的影響在不同肥胖程度人群中可能存在差異。然而,不同肥胖程度患者改變睡眠體位是否均能影響OSAHS嚴(yán)重程度,國(guó)內(nèi)尚未見(jiàn)相關(guān)研究報(bào)道。本研究通過(guò)分析不同肥胖程度OSAHS患者多導(dǎo)睡眠圖(polysomnography,PSG)監(jiān)測(cè)指標(biāo),了解不同肥胖程度及睡眠體位對(duì)OSAHS患者呼吸事件的影響及相關(guān)性,以及體位性O(shè)SAHS的影響因素,為OSAHS的臨床治療提供參考。
1.1 研究對(duì)象 回顧性分析2015年1月—2016年6月四川大學(xué)華西醫(yī)院睡眠呼吸監(jiān)測(cè)室行PSG監(jiān)測(cè)的OSAHS患者。
1.2 納入與排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)年齡>18歲且<65歲;(2)OSAHS診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)參照中華醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)呼吸病學(xué)分會(huì)睡眠呼吸障礙學(xué)組制定的《阻塞性睡眠呼吸暫停低通氣綜合征診治指南(2011年修訂版)》[1];(3)仰臥位及非仰臥位睡眠時(shí)間均≥30 min;(4)BMI≥18.5 kg/m2。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)已接受針對(duì)OSAHS的相關(guān)治療者;(2)存在明顯的頜面部解剖結(jié)構(gòu)異常者;(3)睡眠時(shí)間不足420 min者;(4)臨床資料不完整者。
1.3 研究方法
1.3.1 一般資料收集 記錄患者性別、年齡、身高、體質(zhì)量、腰圍、臀圍,計(jì)算BMI、腰臀比。采用Epworth嗜睡量表(ESS)評(píng)價(jià)患者日間嗜睡情況。
1.3.2 PSG監(jiān)測(cè) 采用美國(guó)偉康公司Alice-5睡眠呼吸監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)以及Eudro 2.0版分析軟件,患者均接受至少7 h的夜間PSG監(jiān)測(cè),監(jiān)測(cè)內(nèi)容包括腦電圖、眼電圖、口鼻氣流、下頜肌電圖、指脈氧、胸腹呼吸運(yùn)動(dòng)、體位計(jì)。記錄患者的總睡眠時(shí)間(total sleep time,TST)、微覺(jué)醒指數(shù)、呼吸努力相關(guān)微覺(jué)醒(respiratory effort related arouse,RERA)指數(shù)、AHI、血氧飽和度(SaO2)<90%時(shí)間占TST比例、平均血氧飽和度(MSaO2)、最低血氧飽和度(LSaO2)、非仰臥位時(shí)間占TST比例、仰臥位及非仰臥位AHI。體位依賴(lài)性指數(shù)=(仰臥位AHI-非仰臥位AHI)/仰臥位AHI。
1.3.3 分組 根據(jù)《中國(guó)成人超重和肥胖癥預(yù)防與控制指南》2003版[21],按BMI將患者分為體質(zhì)量正常組(BMI<24 kg/m2)、超重組(24 kg/m2≤BMI<28 kg/m2)、肥胖組(BMI≥28 kg/m2)。
根據(jù)CARTWRIGHT[9]提出的體位性O(shè)SAHS的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),以體位依賴(lài)性指數(shù)≥50%定義為體位性O(shè)SAHS,并將患者分為體位性O(shè)SAHS組和非體位性O(shè)SAHS組。體位依賴(lài)性指數(shù)越大,即患者非仰臥位AHI較仰臥位AHI改善越大,則說(shuō)明患者的體位依賴(lài)性越高。
2.1 一般情況 共納入678例OSAHS患者,其中男575例,女103例,男女比例為5.6∶1;平均年齡(44.6±10.3)歲;平均BMI為(26.8±3.5)kg/m2。
2.2 不同肥胖程度患者一般資料及PSG監(jiān)測(cè)指標(biāo)比較 體質(zhì)量正常組139例(20.5%),超重組315例(46.5%),肥胖組224例(33.0%)。3組患者性別、年齡、TST、非仰臥位時(shí)間占TST比例比較,差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);3組患者ESS評(píng)分、微覺(jué)醒指數(shù)、RERA指數(shù)、AHI、SaO2<90%時(shí)間占TST比例、MSaO2、LSaO2、非仰臥位AHI、仰臥位AHI、體位依賴(lài)性指數(shù)比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);其中超重組患者RERA指數(shù)、AHI、SaO2<90%時(shí)間占TST比例、非仰臥位AHI、仰臥位AHI較體質(zhì)量正常組升高,微覺(jué)醒指數(shù)、MSaO2、LSaO2、體位依賴(lài)性指數(shù)較體質(zhì)量正常組降低,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);肥胖組患者ESS評(píng)分、微覺(jué)醒指數(shù)、RERA指數(shù)、AHI、SaO2<90%時(shí)間占TST比例、非仰臥位AHI、仰臥位AHI較體質(zhì)量正常組和超重組升高,MSaO2、LSaO2、體位依賴(lài)性指數(shù)較體質(zhì)量正常組和超重組降低,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05,見(jiàn)表1)。
2.3 非體位性O(shè)SAHS組與體位性O(shè)SAHS組患者觀(guān)察指標(biāo)比較 體位性O(shè)SAHS組288例(42.5%),非體位性O(shè)SAHS組390例(57.5%)。兩組患者年齡比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);體位性O(shè)SAHS組患者男性比例、BMI、腰圍、臀圍、腰臀比、ESS評(píng)分、TST、微覺(jué)醒指數(shù)、RERA指數(shù)、AHI、SaO2<90%時(shí)間占TST比例低于非體位性O(shè)SAHS組,MSaO2、LSaO2高于非體位性O(shè)SAHS組比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05,見(jiàn)表2)。
2.4 體位依賴(lài)性指數(shù)與肥胖程度的相關(guān)性Spearman相關(guān)分析結(jié)果顯示,體位依賴(lài)性指數(shù)與BMI、腰圍、臀圍、腰臀比均呈負(fù)相關(guān)(rs=-0.295、-0.289、-0.219、-0.236,P<0.001)。
2.5 體位性O(shè)SAHS的影響因素分析 將是否為體位性O(shè)SAHS(賦值:體位性O(shè)SAHS=1,非體位性O(shè)SAHS=0)作為因變量,以性別(賦值:男=1,女=0)、BMI(連續(xù)變量)、腰圍(連續(xù)變量)、臀圍(連續(xù)變量)、腰臀比(連續(xù)變量)為自變量,行多因素Logistic回歸分析,結(jié)果顯示,性別〔OR=0.620,95%CI(0.392,0.979),P=0.040〕和BMI〔OR=0.879,95%CI(0.802,0.943),P=0.001〕與體位性O(shè)SAHS有回歸關(guān)系;腰圍〔OR=1.010,95%CI(0.836,1.221),P=0.915〕、臀圍〔OR=0.976,95%CI(0.828,1.151),P=0.775〕及腰臀比〔OR=0.062,95%CI(0.811,1.167),P=0.774〕與體位性O(shè)SAHS無(wú)回歸關(guān)系。
表1 不同肥胖程度患者一般資料及PSG監(jiān)測(cè)指標(biāo)比較
注:ESS=Epworth嗜睡量表,TST=總睡眠時(shí)間,RERA=呼吸努力相關(guān)微覺(jué)醒,AHI=呼吸暫停低通氣指數(shù),SaO2=血氧飽和度,MSaO2=平均血氧飽和度,LSaO2=最低血氧飽和度;與體質(zhì)量正常組比較,aP<0.05;與超重組比較,bP<0.05;c為χ2值
表2 非體位性O(shè)SAHS組與體位性O(shè)SAHS組患者觀(guān)察指標(biāo)比較
注:OSAHS=阻塞性睡眠呼吸暫停低通氣綜合征,BMI=體質(zhì)指數(shù);a為χ2值
OSAHS與肥胖密切相關(guān)[22-23]。本研究通過(guò)將OSAHS患者按BMI進(jìn)行分組,發(fā)現(xiàn)隨著B(niǎo)MI的增高,患者的呼吸事件發(fā)生率增加,且存在更長(zhǎng)、更嚴(yán)重的夜間低氧血癥,提示肥胖程度越高的患者,其OSAHS嚴(yán)重程度越高。與國(guó)內(nèi)外關(guān)于探討肥胖與OSAHS關(guān)系的類(lèi)似研究結(jié)果[16,20,24]一致。另外,有研究將患者按OSAHS嚴(yán)重程度進(jìn)行分組,發(fā)現(xiàn)中重度OSAHS組患者BMI高于輕度OSAHS組[25];這可能與肥胖影響上氣道解剖結(jié)構(gòu)和順應(yīng)性有關(guān)[16-18,26]。
1948年ROBIN[27]首次提出仰臥位睡眠是患者夜間打鼾的常見(jiàn)原因,使人們開(kāi)始對(duì)睡眠體位與OSAHS的關(guān)系引起重視。許多研究表明,在不同程度的OSAHS患者中,仰臥位AHI均高于側(cè)臥位AHI,提示側(cè)臥位時(shí)患者呼吸紊亂的癥狀可能較輕[15,28-29]。睡眠體位對(duì)OSAHS的影響可能是由于仰臥位時(shí)重力作用,導(dǎo)致咽腔前壁組織塌陷和舌體后墜,從而加重患者上氣道狹窄,使OSAHS癥狀加重。改變睡眠體位可使上氣道形態(tài)學(xué)發(fā)生改變,從而改善體位性O(shè)SAHS患者的癥狀,根據(jù)患者非仰臥位AHI較仰臥位AHI的改善程度,可將患者分為體位性O(shè)SAHS和非體位性O(shè)SAHS[9]。OKSENBERG等[12,10]先后回顧性分析了574例和2 077例OSAHS患者的PSG監(jiān)測(cè)結(jié)果后均發(fā)現(xiàn),非體位性O(shè)SAHS組較體位性O(shè)SAHS組有更高的AHI及BMI,且認(rèn)為AHI和BMI與體位依賴(lài)性指數(shù)呈負(fù)相關(guān)。本研究將患者按不同BMI進(jìn)行分組,定量比較各組體位依賴(lài)性指數(shù),體位依賴(lài)性指數(shù)隨肥胖程度的增高而減小,并通過(guò)Spearman相關(guān)分析發(fā)現(xiàn),體位依賴(lài)性指數(shù)與BMI、腰圍、臀圍、腰臀比均呈負(fù)相關(guān)。與此同時(shí),非體位性O(shè)SAHS患者的呼吸事件和SaO2<90%時(shí)間占TST比例均較體位性O(shè)SAHS嚴(yán)重,且非體位性O(shè)SAHS患者的BMI更高。這與高BMI患者呼吸事件更嚴(yán)重的結(jié)果相符合。因此,對(duì)于肥胖程度較高的OSAHS患者,呼吸事件更為嚴(yán)重,而睡眠體位干預(yù)對(duì)呼吸事件的改善作用較小,應(yīng)盡早考慮進(jìn)行更為積極的治療。而減重在嚴(yán)重OSAHS患者中可能更為重要。
JEONG等[20]的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),男性O(shè)SAHS患者的仰臥位RDI與BMI的關(guān)系較側(cè)臥位更為密切,而在女性患者中不存在這種差異。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),性別和BMI均與體位性O(shè)SAHS有關(guān),體位性O(shè)SAHS組中的男性比例較非體位性O(shè)SAHS組高,提示男性肥胖OSAHS患者為非體位性O(shè)SAHS的可能性較高。但本研究中,女性患者例數(shù)較少,這與男性是OSAHS發(fā)病的危險(xiǎn)因素有關(guān),可能對(duì)統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)果造成一定影響。且本研究為單中心的回顧性研究,患者病情嚴(yán)重程度受分級(jí)診療機(jī)制和地區(qū)差異的影響。
本研究通過(guò)分析不同肥胖程度OSAHS患者PSG特征,發(fā)現(xiàn)BMI與體位依賴(lài)性指標(biāo)呈負(fù)相關(guān)。BMI越大,患者改變睡眠體位對(duì)AHI的影響越小。對(duì)于肥胖的OSAHS患者,改變睡眠體位效果不佳的可能性較高,因此,在制訂治療方案時(shí),需要采取無(wú)創(chuàng)通氣等更加積極有效的治療措施。
作者貢獻(xiàn):張潤(rùn)、王茂筠、梁宗安進(jìn)行文章的構(gòu)思與設(shè)計(jì)、論文修訂;王茂筠、梁宗安進(jìn)行研究的實(shí)施與可行性分析、負(fù)責(zé)文章的質(zhì)量控制及審核;張潤(rùn)、王怡唯、胡碧、雷飛進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)收集;王怡唯、胡碧、雷飛進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)整理;張潤(rùn)、王茂筠進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理,結(jié)果的分析與解釋?zhuān)粡垵?rùn)撰寫(xiě)論文;梁宗安對(duì)文章整體負(fù)責(zé),監(jiān)督管理。
本文無(wú)利益沖突。
[1]中華醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)呼吸病學(xué)分會(huì)睡眠呼吸障礙學(xué)組.阻塞性睡眠呼吸暫停低通氣綜合征診治指南(2011年修訂版)[J].中華結(jié)核和呼吸雜志,2012,35(1):9-12.DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1001-0939.2012.01.007. Sleep Breathing Disorder Group of Respiratory Diseases Branch,Chinese Medical Association.Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (revised edition 2011)[J].Chinese Journal of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases,2012,35(1):9-12.DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1001-0939.2012.01.007.
[2]韋凱,郭樹(shù)琴,溫偉生.阻塞性睡眠呼吸障礙與全身多系統(tǒng)疾病關(guān)系的研究進(jìn)展[J].中華老年口腔醫(yī)學(xué)雜志,2016,14(1):54-57.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-2973.2016.01.014. WEI K,GUO S Q,WEN W S.Research status of improving the success rate of implant in patients with osteoporosis[J].Chinese Journal of Geriatric Dentistry,2016,14(1):54-57.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-2973.2016.01.014.
[3]李明嫻,王瑩,華樹(shù)成,等.長(zhǎng)春市20歲以上人群阻塞性睡眠呼吸暫停低通氣綜合征流行病學(xué)現(xiàn)況調(diào)查[J].中華結(jié)核和呼吸雜志,2005,28(12):833-835.DOI:10.3760/j:issn:1001-0939.2005.12.009. LI M X,WANG Y,HUA S C,et al.The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome in adults aged over 20 years in Changchun city[J].Chinese Journal of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases,2005,28(12):833-835.DOI:10.3760/j:issn:1001-0939.2005.12.009.
[4]林其昌,黃建釵,丁海波,等.福州市20歲以上人群阻塞性睡眠呼吸暫停低通氣綜合征流行病學(xué)調(diào)查[J].中華結(jié)核和呼吸雜志,2009,32(3):193-197.DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1001-0939.2009.03.008. LIN Q C,HUANG J C,DING H B,et al.Prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome in adults aged over 20 years in Fuzhou city[J].Chinese Journal of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases,2009,32(3):193-197.DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1001-0939.2009.03.008.
[5]劉建紅,韋彩周,黃陸穎,等.廣西地區(qū)打鼾及阻塞性睡眠呼吸暫停低通氣綜合征的流行病學(xué)調(diào)查[J].中華流行病學(xué)雜志,2007,28(2):115-118.DOI:10.3760/j.issn:0254-6450.2007.02.003. LIU J H,WEI C Z,HUANG L Y,et al.Study on the prevalence of snoring and obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome in Guangxi,China[J].Chinese Journal of Epidemiology,2007,28(2):115-118.DOI:10.3760/j.issn:0254-6450.2007.02.003.
[6]上海市醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)呼吸病學(xué)分會(huì)睡眠呼吸疾病學(xué)組.上海市30歲以上人群阻塞性睡眠呼吸暫停低通氣綜合征流行病學(xué)調(diào)查[J].中華結(jié)核和呼吸雜志,2003,26(5):268-272.DOI:10.3760/j:issn:1001-0939.2003.05.008. Sleep Respiratory Disorder Study Group,Respiratory Diseases Branch,Shanghai Medical Association.Prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome in Chinese adults aged over 30 yr in Shanghai[J].Chinese Journal of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases,2003,26(5):268-272.DOI:10.3760/j:issn:1001-0939.2003.05.008.
[7]張慶,何權(quán)瀛,杜秋艷,等.承德市區(qū)居民睡眠呼吸暫停低通氣綜合征患病率入戶(hù)調(diào)查[J].中華結(jié)核和呼吸雜志,2003,26(5):273-275.DOI:10.3760/j:issn:1001-0939.2003.05.009. ZHANG Q,HE Q Y,DU Q Y,et al.Epidemiologic study on sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome by home investigation in Chengde city[J].Chinese Journal of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases,2003,26(5):273-275.DOI:10.3760/j:issn:1001-0939.2003.05.009.
[8]鄒小量,朱勝華,李多洛,等.邵陽(yáng)市20歲以上人群阻塞性睡眠呼吸暫停低通氣綜合征的流行病學(xué)調(diào)查[J].中國(guó)現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)雜志,2007,17(8):956-959.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1005-8982.2007.08.018. ZOU X L,ZHU S H,LI D L,et al.Investigation on prevalence of OSAHS in adults aged over 20 years in Shaoyang[J].China Journal of Modern Medicine,2007,17(8):956-959.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1005-8982.2007.08.018.
[9]CARTWRIGHT R D.Effect of sleep position on sleep apnea severity[J].Sleep,1984,7(2):110-114.
[10]OKSENBERG A,ARONS E,GREENBERG-DOTAN S,et al.The significance of body posture on breathing abnormalities during sleep:data analysis of 2077 obstructive sleep apnea patients[J].Harefuah,2009,148(5):304-309,351,350.
[11]OKSENBERG A,KHAMAYSI I,SILVERBERG D S,et al.Association of body position with severity of apneic events in patients with severe nonpositional obstructive sleep apnea[J].Chest,2000,118(4):1018-1024.
[12]OKSENBERG A,SILVERBERG D S,ARONS E,et al.Positional vs nonpositional obstructive sleep apnea patients:anthropomorphic,nocturnal polysomnographic,and multiple sleep latency test data[J].Chest,1997,112(3):629-639.
[13]RICHARD W,KOX D,DEN HERDER C,et al.The role of sleep position in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome[J].Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol,2006,263(10):946-950.
[14]JACKSON M,COLLINS A,BERLOWITZ D,et al.Efficacy of sleep position modification to treat positional obstructive sleep apnea[J].Sleep Med,2015,16(4):545-552.DOI:10.1016/j.sleep.2015.01.008.
[15]RAVESLOOT M J,VAN MAANEN J P,DUN L,et al.The undervalued potential of positional therapy in position-dependent snoring and obstructive sleep apnea-a review of the literature[J].Sleep Breath,2013,17(1):39-49.DOI:10.1007/s11325-012-0683-5.
[16]ISONO S.Obesity and obstructive sleep apnoea:Mechanisms for increased collapsibility of the passive pharyngeal airway[J].Respirology,2012,17(1):32-42.DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1843.2011.02093.x.
[17]PAHKALA R,SEPPJ,IKONEN A,et al.The impact of pharyngeal fat tissue on the pathogenesis of obstructive sleep apnea[J].Sleep & Breathing,2014,18(2):275-282.DOI:10.1007/s11325-013-0878-4.
[18]KIM A M,KEENAN B T,JACKSON N,et al.Tongue fat and its relationship to obstructive sleep apnea[J].Sleep,2014,37(10):1639-1648.DOI:10.5665/sleep.4072.
[19]MORTIMORE I L,MARSHALL I,WRAITH P K,et al.Neck and total body fat deposition in nonobese and obese patients with sleep apnea compared with that in control subjects[J].Am J Respir Crit Care Med,1998,157(1):280-283.
[20]JEONG J I,GU S,CHO J,et al.Impact of gender and sleep position on relationships between anthropometric parameters and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome[J].Sleep Breath,2016.[Epub ahead of print].
[21]中華人民共和國(guó)衛(wèi)生部疾病控制司.中國(guó)成人超重和肥胖癥預(yù)防與控制指南[M].北京:人民衛(wèi)生出版社,2003. Department of Disease Control,Ministry of Health of People′s Republic of China.Guidelines for prevention and control of overweight and obesity in adults in China[M].Beijing:People′s Medical Publishing House,2003.
[22]YOUNG T,PEPPARD P E,TAHERI S.Excess weight and sleep-disordered breathing[J].J Appl Physiol(1985),2005,99(4):1592-1599.
[23]WOLK R,SHAMSUZZAMAN A S,SOMERS V K.Obesity,sleep apnea,and hypertension[J].Hypertension,2003,42(6):1067-1074.
[24]ITASAKA Y,MIYAZAKI S,ISHIKAWA K,et al.The influence of sleep position and obesity on sleep apnea[J].Psychiatry Clin Neurosci,2000,54(3):340-341.
[25]AIHARA K,OGA T,HARADA Y,et al.Analysis of anatomical and functional determinants of obstructive sleep apnea[J].Sleep Breath,2012,16(2):473-481.DOI:10.1007/s11325-011-0528-7.
[26]STADLER D L,MCEVOY R D,BRADLEY J,et al.Changes in lung volume and diaphragm muscle activity at sleep onset in obese obstructive sleep apnea patients vs.healthy-weight controls[J].J Appl Physiol(1985),2010,109(4):1027-1036.DOI:10.1152/japplphysiol.01397.2009.
[27]ROBIN I G.Snoring[J].Proc R Soc Med,1948,41(3):151-153.
[28]張欣,萬(wàn)蘭蘭,王君影,等.體位改變對(duì)阻塞性睡眠呼吸暫停低通氣綜合征患者睡眠結(jié)構(gòu)和呼吸事件的影響[J].臨床耳鼻咽喉頭頸外科雜志,2014,28(7):455-458.DOI:10.13201/j.issn.1001-1781.2014.07.007. ZHANG X,WAN L L,WANG J Y,et al.Effects of sleeping body posture on sleeping structure and respiratory events in patients with OSAHS[J].Journal of Clinical Otorhinolarynglolgy Head and Neck Surgery,2014,28(7):455-458.DOI:10.13201/j.issn.1001-1781.2014.07.007.
[29]EISEMAN N A,WESTOVER M B,ELLENBOGEN J M,et al.The impact of body posture and sleep stages on sleep apnea severity in adults[J].J Clin Sleep Med,2012,8(6):655-666.DOI:10.5664/jcsm.2258.
(本文編輯:陳素芳)
Effects of Obesity Degrees and Sleep Position on Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea Syndrome Patients
ZHANGRun1,WANGMao-yun1,WANGYi-wei1,HUBi1,2,LEIFei1,3,LIANGZong-an1*
1.DepartmentofRespiratoryandCriticalCareMedicine,WestChinaHospital,SichuanUniversity,Chengdu610041,China2.DepartmentofRespiratoryandCriticalCareMedicine,ChengduShangjinnanfuHospital,Chengdu611730,China3.SleepMedicineCenter,WestChinaHospital,SichuanUniversity,Chengdu610041,China
*Correspondingauthor:LIANGZong-an,Chiefphysician,Professor,Doctoralsupervisor;E-mail:liang.zongan@163.com
Background Obesity is a recognized risk factor for the development of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS).Changing sleep position as a treatment for OSAHS has been widely recommended.However,few researches exist in China for the effect of changing sleep position on OSAHS patients with different degrees of obesity.Objective To investigate the effect of sleep position and obesity degrees on OSAHS,and the relationship between positional OSAHS and anthropometric parameters of obesity.Methods We conducted a retrospective study on 678 patients with OSAHS determined by overnight polysomnography (PSG) in West China Hospital,Sichuan University,from January 2015 to June 2016.We obtained and analyzed the baseline and PSG characteristics of the patients,and calculated the postural dependence index.The patients were divided into 3 groups:normal weight group (n=139),overweight group (n=315) and obese group (n=224) according to body mass index (BMI).We compared the anthropometric parameters and PSG characteristics between the positional OSAHS group (n=288) and the non-positional OSAHS group (n=390) divided by the postural dependence index.Influencing factors for positional OSAHS were investigated.Results There were significant differences in score of Epworth Sleepiness Scale(ESS),arousal index,respiratory effort related arousals(RERA) index,apnea-hypopnea index(AHI),SaO2<90% time / total sleep time(TST),mean SaO2(MSaO2),lowest SaO2(LSaO2),non-supine AHI,supine AHI and positional dependency index among normal weight group,overweight group and obese group(P<0.05).The male ratio,BMI,waist circumference,hip circumference,waist-to-hip ratio,score of ESS,arousal index,RERA index,AHI and SaO2<90% time / TST of positional OSAHS group were significantly lower than those of non-positional OSAHS group (P<0.05).Furthermore,positional OSAHS group had higher MSaO2and LSaO2(P<0.05).Results of Spearman correlation analysis showed that positional dependency was negatively correlated with BMI,waist circumference,hip circumference and waist to hip ratio (rs=-0.295,-0.289,-0.219,-0.236,P<0.001,respectively).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis found that positional OSAHS had a regression relationship with gender〔OR=0.620,95%CI(0.392,0.979),P=0.040〕 and BMI〔OR=0.879,95%CI(0.802,0.943),P=0.001〕.Conclusion The severity of OSAHS is significantly correlated with the degree of obesity,while BMI shows an inverse relationship with positional dependency.Gender and BMI are independent factors for postural OSAHS.The higher the BMI,the less effects that changing sleep position would have on respiratory events.Thus,positional therapy alone may not improve the conditions of such patients.More active treatments should be considered as soon as possible.
Sleep apnea,obstructive;Body mass index;Sleep;Obesity
R 441.8
A
10.3969/j.issn.1007-9572.2017.01.y04
2016-12-23;
2017-01-17)
1.610041四川省成都市,四川大學(xué)華西醫(yī)院呼吸與危重癥醫(yī)學(xué)科
2.611730四川省成都市,成都上錦南府醫(yī)院呼吸與危重癥醫(yī)學(xué)科
3.610041四川省成都市,四川大學(xué)華西醫(yī)院睡眠醫(yī)學(xué)中心
*通信作者:梁宗安,主任醫(yī)師,教授,博士生導(dǎo)師;E-mail:liang.zongan@163.com
張潤(rùn),王茂筠,王怡唯,等.肥胖程度及睡眠體位對(duì)阻塞性睡眠呼吸暫停低通氣綜合征患者的影響研究[J].中國(guó)全科醫(yī)學(xué),2017,20(11):1294-1299.[www.chinagp.net]
ZHANG R,WANG M Y,WANG Y W,et al.Effects of obesity degrees and sleep position on obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome patients[J].Chinese General Practice,2017,20(11):1294-1299.