肖沉,孫莉,曹杉杉,徐艷煒,梁浩,程焱(天津醫(yī)科大學(xué)總醫(yī)院,天津300052)
尾靜脈注射不同劑量羥基紅花黃色素A的缺血再灌注大鼠腦組織3-NT、iNOS、NO表達觀察
肖沉,孫莉,曹杉杉,徐艷煒,梁浩,程焱
(天津醫(yī)科大學(xué)總醫(yī)院,天津300052)
目的 觀察尾靜脈注射不同劑量羥基紅花黃色素A(HSYA)的缺血再灌注大鼠腦組織3-硝基酪氨酸(3-NT)、誘導(dǎo)型一氧化氮合成酶(iNOS)、NO表達變化。方法 將健康雄性SD大鼠隨機分為假手術(shù)組、模型組、低劑量HSYA組、中劑量HSYA組、高劑量HSYA組。假手術(shù)組僅手術(shù)暴露和分離頸總、頸內(nèi)及頸外動脈,然后縫合;其余大鼠采用線栓法制備大腦中動脈閉塞再灌注(MCAO/R)模型。低、中、高劑量HSYA組大鼠缺血后60 min尾靜脈注射2.5、5、10 mg/kg的HSYA;假手術(shù)組和模型組大鼠同時尾靜脈注射相同體積Tris緩沖液。繼續(xù)飼養(yǎng)24 h。采用Western blotting法檢測各組大鼠缺血再灌注腦組織3-NT、iNOS相對表達量;采用Griess法檢測各組大鼠缺血再灌注腦組織NO相對表達量。結(jié)果 假手術(shù)組、模型組、低劑量HSYA組、中劑量HSYA組、高劑量HSYA組大鼠缺血再灌注腦組織3-NT條帶灰度值分別為(2.81±1.37)×103、(46.86±4.75)×103、(44.51±4.13)×103、(13.88±2.98)×103、(6.38±2.66)×103;iNOS條帶灰度值分別為(2.25±0.32)×103、(79.67±4.73)×103、(75.29±4.08)×103、(27.31±2.77)×103、(19.19±1.86)×103,模型組和低、中、高劑量HSYA組大鼠缺血再灌注腦組織NO表達量分別為(16.50±2.20)、(15.40±1.44)、(10.33±1.30)、(6.80±0.73)nmol/mg。模型組、低劑量HSYA組、中劑量HSYA組、高劑量HSYA組大鼠缺血再灌注腦組織3-NT、iNOS水平高于假手術(shù)組(P均<0.05)。低劑量HSYA組大鼠缺血再灌注腦組織3-NT、iNOS、NO水平和模型組相比,P>0.05。中、高劑量HSYA組大鼠缺血再灌注腦組織3-NT、iNOS、NO水平低于模型組和低劑量HSYA組(P均<0.05),且高劑量HSYA組缺血再灌注腦組織3-NT、iNOS、NO水平低于中劑量HSYA組(P均<0.05)。結(jié)論 尾靜脈注射不同劑量的HSYA可以抑制缺血再灌注大鼠腦組織3-NT、iNOS、NO表達,HSYA劑量越高此效果越明顯。
羥基紅花黃色素A;腦;缺血再灌注損傷;3-硝基酪氨酸;過氧化亞硝基陰離子;一氧化氮合成酶;一氧化氮
3-硝基酪氨酸(3-NT)是一氧化氮自由基(NO-)攻擊蛋白質(zhì)的酪氨酸殘基的產(chǎn)物,是體內(nèi)蛋白質(zhì)硝基化的生物標(biāo)志物[1, 2]。3-NT的形成最終將導(dǎo)致蛋白質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)和功能改變,引起組織損傷[1~3]。羥基紅花黃色素A(HSYA)是中藥紅花的水溶性成分,也是其最主要活性成分[4~7]。研究表明,HSYA通過抑制血小板活化因子(PAF)與受體結(jié)合而干預(yù)血栓形成及血小板聚集[8, 9],對腦卒中可能具有治療作用。新近又有動物研究顯示,HSYA通過抗氧化機制對缺血再灌注腦組織產(chǎn)生神經(jīng)保護作用。其抗氧化作用包括增加超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、降低脂質(zhì)過氧化水平[10~12]、抑制腦細胞線粒體中活性氧(ROS)的產(chǎn)生等[13]。然而,HSYA對缺血再灌注腦組織中3-NT的形成是否具有抑制作用,尚不清楚,其機制更不明確。本研究觀察了尾靜脈注射不同劑量HSYA對缺血再灌注大鼠腦組織3-NT、iNOS、NO表達的影響。現(xiàn)報告如下。
1.1 實驗動物及主要試劑 選取健康雄性SD大鼠25只,由軍事醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)院實驗動物中心提供,體質(zhì)量280~300 g。鼠抗硝基酪氨酸單克隆抗體(美國Cayman Chemical公司);鼠抗甘油醛-3-磷酸脫氫酶(GAPDH)單克隆抗體、辣根過氧化物酶標(biāo)記的山羊抗鼠IgG(北京中衫金橋);牛血清白蛋白(BSA)、2,3,5-氯化三苯基四氮唑(TTC,美國Sigma公司);ONOO-(Peroxynitrite,美國Millipore公司);HSYA凍干粉(浙江永寧藥業(yè)股份有限公司惠贈);聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF) 膜(美國Millipore公司);抗iNOS抗體(美國Santa Cruz公司);Griess法NO終產(chǎn)物檢測試劑盒(美國Cayman Chemical公司)。
1.2 動物分組、腦缺血再灌注模型制備及HSYA應(yīng)用方法 將大鼠隨機分為假手術(shù)組、模型組、低劑量HSYA組、中劑量HSYA組、高劑量HSYA組,每組5只。假手術(shù)組僅手術(shù)暴露和分離頸總、頸內(nèi)及頸外動脈,然后縫合;其余大鼠采用線栓法制備大腦中動脈閉塞再灌注(MCAO/R)模型。大鼠用10%水合氯醛0.35 mL/100 g腹腔注射麻醉,頸部正中切口,分離右側(cè)頸總動脈、頸外動脈后,結(jié)扎斷離頸外動脈,將前端為球狀的尼龍線自頸外動脈殘端插入,稍有阻力為止。阻斷60 min后拔出線栓,實現(xiàn)頸總動脈、頸內(nèi)動脈再灌注。手術(shù)過程中,以照射燈和保溫墊保持體溫37~38 ℃。低劑量HSYA組、中劑量HSYA組、高劑量HSYA組大鼠缺血后60 min尾靜脈注射2.5、5、10 mg/kg的HSYA(溶于Tris緩沖液);假手術(shù)組和模型組同時尾靜脈注射相同體積Tris緩沖液。繼續(xù)飼養(yǎng)24 h。
1.3 各組大鼠腦組織3-NT、誘導(dǎo)性一氧化氮合成酶(iNOS)檢測方法 采用Western blotting法。取梗死區(qū)周邊腦組織,以組織裂解液提取組織蛋白,Lowry法測定蛋白濃度。取蛋白樣品40 μg,采用10%十二烷基磺酸鈉-聚丙烯酰胺凝膠進行電泳分離,濃縮膠80 V電泳30 min,分離膠150 V電泳1 h,轉(zhuǎn)至硝酸纖維素膜上80 V電泳30 min。5%脫脂奶粉封閉2 h,加入抗3-NT抗體(1∶1 000),抗iNOS抗體(1∶1 000),4 ℃過夜;辣根過氧化物標(biāo)記的二抗(1∶2 000)室溫孵育2 h,加發(fā)光劑,在凝膠成像系統(tǒng)中激發(fā),采集圖像。以GAPDH為內(nèi)參照。為保證加樣量相等,同時進行內(nèi)參蛋白GAPDH的檢測。Quantity One凝膠圖像分析軟件計算各條帶灰度值。
1.4 各組大鼠腦組織NO檢測 取各組大鼠梗死區(qū)周邊腦組織制成勻漿,用Griess法測定樣品中的硝酸鹽/亞硝酸鹽,用其表示腦組織NO水平。具體測定方法按照試劑盒說明書進行。
2.1 各組大鼠缺血再灌注腦組織3-NT水平比較 假手術(shù)組、模型組、低劑量HSYA組、中劑量HSYA組、高劑量HSYA組大鼠缺血再灌注腦組織3-NT條帶灰度值分別為為(2.81±1.37)×103、(46.86±4.75)×103、(44.51±4.13)×103、(13.88±2.98)×103、(6.38±2.66)×103。模型組、低劑量HSYA組、中劑量HSYA組、高劑量HSYA組大鼠缺血再灌注腦組織3-NT水平高于假手術(shù)組(P均<0.05)。低劑量HSYA組大鼠缺血再灌注腦組織3-NT水平和模型組相比,P>0.05。中、高劑量HSYA組大鼠缺血再灌注腦組織3-NT水平低于模型組和低劑量HSYA組(P均<0.05),且高劑量HSYA組缺血再灌注腦組織3-NT水平低于中劑量HSYA組(P<0.05)。
2.2 各組大鼠腦缺血再灌注組織iNOS、NO水平比較 假手術(shù)組、模型組、低劑量HSYA組、中劑量HSYA組、高劑量HSYA組大鼠缺血再灌注腦組織iNOS水平分別為(2.25±0.32)×103、(79.67±4.73)×103、(75.29±4.08)×103、(27.31±2.77)×103、(19.19±1.86)×103,模型組和低、中、高劑量HSYA組大鼠缺血再灌注腦組織NO表達量分別為(16.50±2.20)、(15.40±1.44)、(10.33±1.30)、(6.80±0.73)nmol/mg。模型組、低劑量HSYA組、中劑量HSYA組、高劑量HSYA組大鼠缺血再灌注腦組織iNOS水平高于假手術(shù)組(P均<0.05)。低劑量HSYA組大鼠缺血再灌注腦組織iNOS、NO水平和模型組相比,P均>0.05。中、高劑量HSYA組大鼠缺血再灌注腦組織iNOS、NO水平低于模型組和低劑量HSYA組(P均<0.05),且高劑量HSYA組缺血再灌注腦組織iNOS、NO水平低于中劑量HSYA組(P均<0.05)。
越來越多的證據(jù)表明3-NT形成參與了腦缺血再灌注損傷過程,減少或降低缺血再灌注腦組織3-NT的水平可減輕腦缺血再灌注損傷[14,15]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,HSYA可以降低缺血再灌注模型大鼠腦組織3-NT水平,表明HSYA對缺血再灌注損傷腦組織具有保護作用。NOS可分為神經(jīng)元型NOS(nNOS)、內(nèi)皮型NOS(eNOS)和iNOS。研究證明,在腦缺血再灌注損傷中3-NT的初期形成是由nNOS和eNOS產(chǎn)生的NO引起;而iNOS產(chǎn)生的NO則是導(dǎo)致缺血再灌注晚期更高水平的3-NT形成的主要原因[1, 16, 17]。缺血再灌注后24 h,由iNOS產(chǎn)生NO引起的3-NT形成幾乎達到90%[16]。敲除iNOS小鼠腦缺血再灌注晚期(缺血再灌注15 h以后)腦組織中完全沒有3-NT表達[17]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,HSYA可以明顯抑制iNOS表達和NO水平的增加。該作用呈劑量依賴性,與其對3-NT的劑量依賴性抑制作用相一致,提示HSYA可能通過抑制iNOS/NO產(chǎn)生而減少缺血腦組織3-NT形成。已知iNOS表達受核因子κB (NF-κB)調(diào)控,因此我們推測HSYA對iNOS/NO的抑制作用可能是通過對NF-κB的負性調(diào)節(jié)作用實現(xiàn)的。已有文獻報道,在缺血再灌注腦組織中HSYA通過阻止NF-κB的抑制性亞單位IκB的降解,從而阻礙其p50、p65亞基向細胞核的轉(zhuǎn)移和與DNA結(jié)合,使得NF-κB活性受到抑制,該結(jié)論也支持我們的推斷。
HSYA屬于黃酮類物質(zhì)中的查爾酮類化合物[18, 19],后者是一類廣泛存在于自然界中的天然有機化合物,其基本骨架結(jié)構(gòu)為1,3-二苯基丙烯酮。查爾酮類化合物具有抗腫瘤、抗氧化(即NF-κB抑制)及清除氧自由基等作用。研究證明,查爾酮類化合物所含的酚羥基在其抑制氧化應(yīng)激和NF- B活性中起主要作用[20,21]。因此,我們推測HSYA可能通過其含有的酚羥基而發(fā)揮抑制 iNOS/NO的作用。
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·作者·編者·讀者·
《山東醫(yī)藥》對來稿中統(tǒng)計學(xué)處理的有關(guān)要求
統(tǒng)計學(xué)分析方法的選擇:對于定量資料,應(yīng)根據(jù)所采用的設(shè)計類型、資料所具備的條件和分析目的,選用合適的統(tǒng)計學(xué)分析方法,不應(yīng)盲目套用t檢驗和單因素方差分析;對于定性資料,應(yīng)根據(jù)所采用的設(shè)計類型、定性變量的性質(zhì)和頻數(shù)所具備的條件以及分析目的,選用合適的統(tǒng)計學(xué)分析方法,不應(yīng)盲目套用χ2檢驗。對于回歸分析,應(yīng)結(jié)合專業(yè)知識和散布圖,選用合適的回歸類型,不應(yīng)盲目套用簡單直線回歸分析,對具有重復(fù)實驗數(shù)據(jù)的回歸分析資料,不應(yīng)簡單化處理;對于多因素、多指標(biāo)資料,要在一元分析的基礎(chǔ)上,盡可能運用多元統(tǒng)計學(xué)分析方法,以便對因素之間的交互作用和多指標(biāo)之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系進行全面、合理的解釋和評價。
統(tǒng)計結(jié)果的解釋和表達:當(dāng)P<0.05(或P<0.01)時,應(yīng)說明對比組之間的差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義,而不應(yīng)說對比組之間具有顯著性(或非常顯著性)的差別;應(yīng)寫明所用統(tǒng)計學(xué)分析方法的具體名稱(如:成組設(shè)計資料的t檢驗、兩因素析因設(shè)計資料的方差分析、多個均數(shù)之間兩兩比較的q檢驗等),統(tǒng)計量的具體值(如t值,χ2值,F(xiàn)值等),應(yīng)盡可能給出具體的P值;當(dāng)涉及到總體參數(shù)(如總體均數(shù)、總體率等)時,在給出顯著性檢驗結(jié)果的同時,再給出95%可信區(qū)間。
Expression of 3-nitrotyrosine, iNOS and NO in brain tissues of ischemia-reperfusion rats treated with different doses of hydroxysafflor yellow A
XIAOChen,SUNLi,CAOShanshan,XUYanwei,LIANGHao,CHENGYan
(GeneralHospitalofTianjinMedicalUniversity,Tianjin300052,China)
Objective To observe the expression changes of 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and nitric oxide (NO) in brain tissues of ischemia-reperfusion rats treated with different doses of hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) by intravenous injection.Methods The healthy adult male SD rats were randomly divided into the sham operation group, model group, low-dose HSYA group, medium-dose HSYA group and high-dose HSYA group. In the sham operation group, rats' common carotid artery, internal carotid artery and external carotid artery were exposed, and then sutured. The other rats were subjected to a 60-min middle cerebral artery occlusion and 24-h reperfusion (MCAO/R). The rats in the low-dose, medium-dose and high-dose HSYA groups were injected with 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg HSYA, respectively, in the tail vein at 60 min after ischemia, and the same volume of Tris buffer was injected into the tail vein of rats in sham operation group and model group. All rats were continued to raise for 24 h. The expression of 3-NT and iNOS in the rat brain tissues after ischemia-reperfusion in each group was examined by Western blotting. The NO level was also detected by Griess assay. Results The absolute gray values of 3-NT in the sham operation group, the model group, the low-dose HSYA group, the medium-dose HSYA group and the high-dose HSYA group after ischemia-reperfusion were (2.81±1.37)×103, (46.86±4.75)×103, (44.51±4.13)×103, (13.88±2.98)×103, and (6.38±2.66)×103, respectively; the absolute gray values of iNOS of each group were (2.25±0.32)×103, (79.67±4.73)×103, (75.29±4.08)×103, (27.31±2.77)×103, (19.19±1.86)×103, respectively. In the model group and low-dose, medium-dose, and high-dose HSYA groups, the levels of NO were (16.50±2.20), (15.40±1.44), (10.33±1.30), and (6.80±0.73) nmol/mg. The levels of 3-NT, iNOS and NO in brain tissues of the model group, low-dose HSYA group, medium-dose HSYA group and high-dose HSYA group were higher than those of the sham operation group (allP<0.05). The levels of 3-NT, iNOS and NO in the brain tissues of rats in the low-dose HSYA group were not significantly different from those in the model group (P>0.05). The levels of 3-NT, iNOS, NO in the medium-dose and high-dose HSYA groups were lower than those in the model group and low-dose HSYA group (allP<0.05), and the levels of 3-NT, iNOS and NO in brain tissues of high-dose HSYA group were lower than those in medium-dose HSYA group (allP<0.05). Conclusion HSYA can inhibit the expression of 3-NT, iNOS, and NO in rat brain tissues after ischemia-reperfusion. The higher the HSYA dose is, the more obvious the effect will be.
hydroxysafflor yellow A; brain; ischemia-reperfusion injury; 3-nitrotyrosine; peroxynitrite; nitric oxide synthase; nitric oxide; animal experiments
國家自然科學(xué)基金資助項目(81571201,81401023);天津市科委重點項目(13ZCZDSY01900)。
肖沉(1990-),女,碩士研究生,主要研究方向為腦缺血保護劑篩選。E-mail: 13602128335@163.com
孫莉(1970-),女,醫(yī)學(xué)博士,副研究員,主要研究方向為腦缺血損傷機制及腦保護劑篩選。E-mail: lisun@tmu.edu.cn
10.3969/j.issn.1002-266X.2017.11.005
R741.05
A
1002-266X(2017)11-0015-04
2016-10-11)