七選五型閱讀答題技巧

甘肅 周世軍

七選五型閱讀答題技巧

甘肅 周世軍

七選五型閱讀理解是全國(guó)卷的必考題型之一。很多考生覺得七選五型閱讀理解比常規(guī)閱讀理解難，并且填錯(cuò)一空，可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致幾個(gè)空出錯(cuò)。本文結(jié)合2012—2016年全國(guó)卷高考真題，從抓特殊詞、抓關(guān)聯(lián)詞、抓結(jié)構(gòu)、抓定位四個(gè)方面介紹七選五型閱讀答題技巧，以期幫助考生提分增效。

一、抓特殊詞

平時(shí)訓(xùn)練，特別是考試現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，考生用大量的時(shí)間徹底讀懂文章的意思不現(xiàn)實(shí)，也沒有必要。拿到題以后快速閱讀五個(gè)空的前后句，標(biāo)出相同詞、相近詞、時(shí)間詞、代詞、介詞等線索詞，然后在選項(xiàng)中查找相關(guān)的線索詞。利用這些線索詞尋找答案是很有效的方法。

【高考鏈接1】（2014，全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷Ⅰ）

The jobs of the future have not yet been invented.36 By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well no matter what the future holds.

A. Encourage kids to cook with you.

B. And we can’t forget science education.

C. We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways.

D. So how can we help our kids prepare for jobs that don’t yet exist?

E. Gardening is another great activity for helping kids develop this skill.

F. We can do this in real life or ask questions about characters in stories.

G. Being able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill.

【解題分析】36. D。根據(jù)空格后的By helping them develop classic skills...（通過(guò)幫助他們培養(yǎng)……的技能）可知，by表方式，空格處應(yīng)該用how開頭的句子，故選D項(xiàng)。

【高考鏈接2】（2013，全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷Ⅰ）

Business management is a term used to describe the techniques of planning，direction，and control of the operations of a business. 73 One of the establishment（制定） of broad basic policies with respect to production； sales； the purchase of equipment，materials and supplies； and accounting. 74 The third relates to the establishment of standards of work in all departments. Direction is concerned primarily with supervision（監(jiān)管） and guidance by the management in authority. 75

A. Control includes the use of records and reports to compare actual work with the set standards for work.

B. In this connection there is the difference between top management and operative management.

C. Examples of nonprofit business include such organizations as social service agencies and many hospitals.

D. However，some businesses only seek to earn enough to cover their operating costs.

E. Planning in business management has three main aspects.

F. In the theory of business management，organization has two main aspects.

G. The second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments.

【解題分析】74. G。可先做74題，根據(jù)本段中的關(guān)鍵詞 one（基數(shù)詞），the third（序數(shù)詞）可知，以one開頭的句子和以the third 開頭的句子中間，應(yīng)該是第二點(diǎn)，故選G項(xiàng)。

73. E。根據(jù)本段中的三個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞 one（基數(shù)詞），the second（序數(shù)詞），the third（序數(shù)詞），可以推出，前句應(yīng)該選含有three的句子，故73選E項(xiàng)。

【高考鏈接3】（2015，全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷Ⅰ）

Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences. 36 Trust is a risk. But you can’t be successful when there’s a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.

A. Learn to really trust yourself.

B. It is putting confidence in someone.

C. Stop regarding yourself as the victim.

D. Remember that you can expect the best in return.

E. They’ve been too badly hurt and they can’t bear to let it happen again.

F. This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward

their future relationships.

G. Seeing the positive side of things doesn’t mean you’re ignoring what happened.

【解題分析】36. B。根據(jù)空格前后的兩個(gè)句子，空格前說(shuō)“信任是我們從過(guò)去經(jīng)歷中獲得的一種后天習(xí)得的行為”，空格后說(shuō)“信任是一種風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”，中間的句子應(yīng)該說(shuō)“信任是……”?？墒?，七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中沒有以trust開頭的句子，但有It is...的句子，其結(jié)構(gòu)與前后句一致，意思與前后句匹配，由此推斷出it指代trust，故選B項(xiàng)。

【高考鏈接4】（2014，全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷Ⅱ）

From my experience，there are three main reasons why people dont’ cook more often：ability，money，and time.36 Money is a topic Il’l save for another day. So today I want to give you some wisdom about how to make the most of the time you spend in the kitchen. Here are three tips for great cooking on a tight schedule：

A. Try new things.

B. Ability is easily improved.

C. Make three or four instead.

D. Understand your food better.

E. Cooking is a burden for many people.

F. Let cooking and living simply be a joy rather than a burden.

G. A little time planning ahead can save a lot of work later on.

【解題分析】36. B。根據(jù)空格前的句子可知，人們不經(jīng)常做飯有三個(gè)原因：ability，money，and time。 空格后主要談Money is...and how to make the most of the time，說(shuō)明本段的關(guān)鍵詞就是ability，money，and time?？崭窈笠呀?jīng)談了money and time，所以空格處談的應(yīng)該是與ability有關(guān)的話題。故選B項(xiàng)。

二、抓關(guān)聯(lián)詞

英語(yǔ)的句段之間經(jīng)常會(huì)運(yùn)用關(guān)聯(lián)詞表示過(guò)渡和銜接，使文章的思路更清楚、邏輯更連貫。語(yǔ)段的句際關(guān)系可分為并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、因果、順序等關(guān)系。閱讀時(shí)關(guān)聯(lián)詞能幫助理清上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，把握文章脈絡(luò)，進(jìn)而準(zhǔn)確、高效地答題。

【高考鏈接5】（2013，全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷Ⅰ）

Business is the organized approach to providing customers with the goods and services they want. The word business also refers to an organization that provides these goods and services. Most businesses seek to make a profit（利潤(rùn)）—that is，they aim to achieve income that is more than the costs of operating the business. 71 Commonly called nonprofits，these organizations are primarily nongovernmental service providers.

A. Control includes the use of records and reports to compare actual work with the set standards for work.

B. In this connection there is the difference between top management and operative management.

C. Examples of nonprofit business include such organizations as social service agencies and many hospitals.

D. However，some businesses only seek to earn enough to cover their operating costs.

E. Planning in business management has three main aspects.

F. In the theory of business management，organization has two main aspects.

G. The second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments.

【解題分析】 71. D?？崭袂罢勂髽I(yè)是獲取利潤(rùn)的組織；空格后談非營(yíng)利組織，前后句之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。只有D項(xiàng)中有表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的詞however，故選D項(xiàng)。

三、抓結(jié)構(gòu)

不同的文章有不同的結(jié)構(gòu)。從2012—2016年五年的全國(guó)卷來(lái)看，七選五型閱讀的體裁都是說(shuō)明文。說(shuō)明文常采用總——分——總的結(jié)構(gòu)形式，第一段是要說(shuō)明的主題，以下幾段多是從不同角度來(lái)說(shuō)明問(wèn)題，最后總結(jié)，所以各段之間多是平行關(guān)系，經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)舉例說(shuō)明的現(xiàn)象。如果考查段落標(biāo)題，先看看其他標(biāo)題的語(yǔ)言形式，同一文章中的幾個(gè)段落小標(biāo)題基本上是同一語(yǔ)言形式。如果其他標(biāo)題是名詞短語(yǔ)，該題答案也是名詞短語(yǔ)；如果其他標(biāo)題是祈使句，該題的答案也是祈使句。如果考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)，正確選項(xiàng)只是某個(gè)句子的一個(gè)部分，就要看看空后這個(gè)部分是不是句子，如果是句子，看看是否有連詞，如果沒有連詞，要選的正確選項(xiàng)就是短語(yǔ)或是帶有連詞的從句。

【高考鏈接6】（2016，全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷Ⅱ）

● 37

Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants，flowers，patterns and masses of color. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers（肥料）. 38 . However，there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them comes from our earliest years.

●Recall（回憶） your childhood memories

Our model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood. Grandma’s rose garden and Dad’s vegetable garden might be good or bad，but that’s not what’s important.39 —how being in those gardens made us feel. If you’d like to build a powerful bond with your garden，start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth. 40 . Then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grown-up garden. Have fun.

A. Know why you garden

B. Find a good place for your own garden

C. It’s our experience of the garden that matters

D. It’s delightful to see so many beautiful flowers

E. Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants

F. You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden，too

G. For each of those gardens，write down the strongest memory you have

【解題分析】37. A。該空考查段落標(biāo)題。根據(jù)下一段的段落標(biāo)題可知，37空應(yīng)該選祈使句。七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有A、B選項(xiàng)是祈使句。本段列舉了一些人的觀點(diǎn)之后，提到other reasons that might explain why you want to garden，由此可以推斷出本段的主旨就是：你要知道自己為什么要種植花木。故選A項(xiàng)。

38. E。根據(jù)本段中的Some people...Others...結(jié)構(gòu)，可以推出此處應(yīng)該是Still others...，故選E項(xiàng)。

【高考鏈接7】（2015，全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷Ⅱ）

Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady，gradual increases in the length of the runs. 36 ，buy the best-fitting，best-built running shoes you can find.

A. After six days

B. For a good marathon runner

C. Before you begin your training

D. With each day，increase the distance by a half mile

E. If they still feel good，you can begin running in them

F. Time spent for preparation raises the quality of training

G. Now you are ready to figure out a goal of improving distance and time

【解題分析】36.C。從句式結(jié)構(gòu)上看，逗號(hào)后是祈使句，沒有連詞，正確答案要么是帶有連詞的從句，要么是一個(gè)短語(yǔ)，只有A、 B、 C、 E四個(gè)選項(xiàng)符合，這樣就縮小了選擇范圍；根據(jù)空前句中的preparation（準(zhǔn)備）和常識(shí)可知是“訓(xùn)練前”，故選C項(xiàng)。

四、抓定位

全國(guó)卷七選五型閱讀的體裁大多是說(shuō)明文。段首設(shè)空通?？疾槎温渲黝}句。做題時(shí)，要認(rèn)真閱讀后文內(nèi)容，特別是后文第一二句，鎖定線索信號(hào)詞，根據(jù)段落一致性原則，推斷出主題句。如果在段尾設(shè)空，則是考查段落尾句題。段尾通常是結(jié)論、概括性語(yǔ)句。注意在選項(xiàng)中查找表示結(jié)果、結(jié)論、總結(jié)等的信號(hào)詞，如therefore，as a result，thus，hence，in short，to sum up，to conclude，in a word等詞語(yǔ)，選項(xiàng)中也可發(fā)現(xiàn)前文的同義詞句。

【高考鏈接8】（2016，全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷Ⅲ）

38 Fresh fish should smell sweet：you should feel that you’re standing at the ocean’s edge. Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isn’t fresh. 39 When you have bought a fish and arrive home，you’d better store the fish in the refrigerator if you don’t cook it immediately，but fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for only a day or two. Frozen fish isn’t as tasty as the fresh one.

A. Do not buy it.

B. The easiest is to steam it.

C. This is how you can do it.

D. It just requires a little knowledge.

E. The fish will go bad within hours.

F. When buying fish，you should first smell it.

G. The fats in fish are thought to help prevent heart disease.

【解題分析】38. F。該空考查段首主題句。根據(jù)段落中提供的細(xì)節(jié)：新鮮的魚和不新鮮的魚的味道。由此可以推出F項(xiàng)為主題句，意為“買魚時(shí)應(yīng)該先聞味”。

以上介紹了四種做七選五型閱讀理解題的方法，希望考生在備考中嘗試運(yùn)用，以提高答題的速度和準(zhǔn)確性，力爭(zhēng)在高考時(shí)用時(shí)少，得分高。另外，要想做好此題，首先要有一定的詞匯量和一定的閱讀能力，否則，多好的方法都無(wú)濟(jì)于事。

甘肅省武威市天?？h第一中學(xué)）