高被引論文摘要

郭衛(wèi)東，章小明，楊逸萍，等

高被引論文摘要

被引頻次：296

中國近岸海域潛在性富營養(yǎng)化程度的評價

郭衛(wèi)東，章小明，楊逸萍，等

根據中國近岸海域的富營養(yǎng)化普遍受營養(yǎng)鹽限制的特征，提出了潛在性富營養(yǎng)化的概念，并在此基礎上提出了一種新的富營養(yǎng)化分級標準及相應的評價模式。運用該模式分別評價了廈門海域及中國近海的富養(yǎng)化程度。結果表明，廈門東海域尚處于貧營養(yǎng)水平，而西海域則為磷限制潛在性富營養(yǎng)水平；與廈門西海域相近，中國近海主要河口、海灣總體上處于磷限制或磷中等限制潛在性富營養(yǎng)水平。

營養(yǎng)鹽；富營養(yǎng)化；評價模式；中國近岸海域

來源出版物：臺灣海峽, 1998, 17(1): 64-70

被引頻次：178

“我國近海有害赤潮發(fā)生的生態(tài)學、海洋學機制及預測防治”研究進展

周名江，朱明遠

摘要：介紹國家重點基礎研究發(fā)展計劃項目（“973”項目）“我國近海有害赤潮發(fā)生的生態(tài)學、海洋學機制及預測防治”的研究背景和主要研究內容，即以我國赤潮高發(fā)區(qū)東海作為主要研究海域，重點開展重要有害赤潮種的生物學特征及生態(tài)適應策略研究；近海赤潮高發(fā)區(qū)有害赤潮與富營養(yǎng)化的關系研究；近海赤潮高發(fā)區(qū)有害赤潮生消關鍵物理過程、數值模擬與預測研究；有害赤潮的危害機理及防治機理研究等。簡要報道了項目通過現(xiàn)場綜合航次獲得的東海大規(guī)模赤潮發(fā)生前后水文、化學和生物學等諸多要素的變化特征，以及結合實驗室模擬研究，在探索重要赤潮生物種群變化的動力學過程及其調控機理等方面取得的進展。另外，對項目的研究前景進行了展望。

關鍵詞：有害赤潮；東海；生態(tài)學；海洋學

來源出版物：地球科學進展, 2006, 21(7): 673-679

被引頻次：113

長江口海域浮游植物分布及其與徑流的關系

吳玉霖，傅月娜，張永山

摘要：用 2001—2002年4個季度月航次調查資料，研究了長江口海域浮游植物的分布及其與長江徑流的關系，共鑒定浮游植物154種（含變種和變型），其中屬硅藻類的有113種，甲藻類36種，近岸低鹽性的中肋骨條藻（Skeletonema costatum）是最重要的優(yōu)勢種。夏季浮游植物密集區(qū)位于長江口海域的北部及靠近浙江近海的上升流區(qū)，春季和秋季密集區(qū)出現(xiàn)在調查區(qū)的南部。浮游植物數量高峰出現(xiàn)在夏季（平均為927×106個/m3）；冬季（枯水期）數量最少（平均為291×105個/m3），且分布相對較均勻，顯示出該海域浮游植物種類組成與數量的季節(jié)變化同長江徑流量有明顯的關系。由于大量營養(yǎng)鹽被長江徑流攜帶入海，造成河口區(qū)嚴重富營養(yǎng)化，這為赤潮生物大量孳生提供了適宜的環(huán)境條件，長江口海域已成為我國沿海赤潮多發(fā)區(qū)之一。

關鍵詞：長江口海域；浮游植物；長江徑流

來源出版物：海洋與湖沼, 2004, 35(3): 246-251

被引頻次：109

近岸海域底質重金屬生態(tài)風險評價初步研究

甘居利，賈曉平，林欽，等

摘要：根據金屬元素在地殼、海水、近海沉積物和海洋生物體內的豐度，吸收金屬毒性實驗研究成果，也考慮了沉積物內金屬賦存形態(tài)對生物體吸收金屬的影響，以及海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)對金屬毒性的敏感程度，初步建立了近岸漁業(yè)海域沉積物重金屬的生態(tài)風險評價指標體系。應用該體系對南海東北部紅海灣沉積物重金屬的生態(tài)風險性作試評價，所得結論同其它研究結果互為補充和借鑒，并能為南海區(qū)半封閉型海灣規(guī)?；B(yǎng)殖的環(huán)境容量研究提供有益的參考。

關鍵詞：重金屬；潛在生態(tài)風險；海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)；近岸沉積物

來源出版物：水產學報, 2000, 24(6): 533-538

被引頻次：95

春、秋季東、黃海營養(yǎng)鹽的分布變化特征及營養(yǎng)結構

高生泉，林以安，金明明，等

摘要：利用2000年10—11月和2001年3—4月的調查資料，分析討論了春、秋季東、黃海營養(yǎng)鹽的分布變化特征及營養(yǎng)結構狀況。結果表明：該海域表層營養(yǎng)鹽高值主要出現(xiàn)在長江沖淡水影響區(qū)和江浙近海海域，低值出現(xiàn)于東海陸架區(qū)和黃海西北部，黃海中部水域春、秋季因溫躍層強弱不同表層營養(yǎng)鹽含量差別較大。東、黃海海域春、秋季表層水N/P、Si/N和Si/P值（除秋季黃海北部局部水域N/P值小于10外）均遠高于Redfield比值。春季東海海域N/P、Si/N和Si/P值明顯高于黃海海域，并高于秋季；秋季黃海海域N/P、Si/N和Si/P值要高于東海海域，變化也大于春季。在強溫躍層存在期間和浮游生物旺發(fā)季節(jié)，表層水域N/P、Si/N和Si/P值原本高的區(qū)域往往進一步升高，而溫躍層較弱或浮游植物生長繁殖能力較弱的季節(jié)，表層水域N/P、Si/N和Si/P值將略有降低。東、黃海水域浮游植物光合作用受N限制的可能性極小，絕大部分水域主要是受P限制，Si的含量普遍較高，它不可能成為限制因子。長江沖淡水區(qū)和江浙近海海域過量的N及高N/P值特性且持續(xù)升高的趨勢可能是近20年來這一地區(qū)富營養(yǎng)化程度加劇、赤潮頻發(fā)的主要原因。

關鍵詞：營養(yǎng)鹽；分布特征；營養(yǎng)結構；東海；黃海

來源出版物：東海海洋, 2004, 22(4): 38-50

被引頻次：92

長江口及其鄰近海域沉積物重金屬分布特征和環(huán)境質量評價

盛菊江，范德江，楊東方，等

摘要：利用等離子質譜儀（ICP-MS）測定了長江口及其鄰近海域表層沉積物細顆粒組分（＜63 μm）的重金屬，平均含量為As 10.47 mg·kg-1、Cd 0.19 mg·kg-1、Cu 37.68 mg·kg-1、Pb 36.86 mg·kg-1、Cr 97.80 mg·kg-1、Zn 98.65 mg·kg-1?？臻g分布上，As、Cd和Cu含量隨著離岸距離的增大有遞減的趨勢，Pb、Cr和Zn含量變化不顯著，調查海區(qū)南部海域的重金屬含量普遍比北部海域高。單因子污染評價顯示，調查海域底質局部已經受到了As、Cu、Pb、Cr和Zn的中度污染，而Cd的影響較輕微。依據沉積物質量基準（SQGs）對本區(qū)沉積物環(huán)境質量評價表明，大部分站位As、Cu和Cr 3種重金屬的含量位于效應濃度低值（ERL）和效應濃度中值（ERM）之間，只是偶爾產生不利的生物效應；Cd、Pb、Zn 3種重金屬的含量都低于ERL或大部分站位低于ERL，幾乎不會產生不利的生物效應。對底質綜合環(huán)境質量進行的因子分析和系統(tǒng)聚類分析結果顯示，長江口外和杭州灣外近海海域的綜合底質環(huán)境較差，應引起重視。

關鍵詞：長江口；表層沉積物；重金屬；環(huán)境評價

來源出版物：環(huán)境科學, 2008, 29(9): 2405-2412

被引頻次：81

我國沿海水域赤潮災害及其防治對策

關道明，戰(zhàn)秀文

摘要：根據近幾年我國海域赤潮監(jiān)測監(jiān)視結果，針對海洋赤潮災害頻繁發(fā)生，影響范圍不斷擴大，經濟損失越發(fā)嚴重的問題，提出了加強沿海城市污染治理，防治和減輕海洋赤潮災害的對策：加強赤潮監(jiān)測、監(jiān)視和預防控制體系建設；加大沿海城市近岸海水富營養(yǎng)化的控制力度；減緩海上養(yǎng)殖業(yè)自身對海洋生態(tài)環(huán)境的影響；建立良好的海洋生態(tài)環(huán)境。

關鍵詞：海洋環(huán)境；赤潮災害；防治對策

來源出版物：海洋環(huán)境科學, 2003, 22(2): 60-63

被引頻次：74

黃河三角洲生物多樣性保護與可持續(xù)利用的研究

賈文澤，田家怡，潘懷劍

摘要：根據1996—1998年對黃河三角洲環(huán)境質量、生物多樣性等進行的全面、系統(tǒng)的調查與監(jiān)測結果。重點研究了該區(qū)域大氣、河流、湖泊、水庫、淺海灘涂環(huán)境質量,海洋生物多樣性、淡水生物多樣性、陸生和海島高等植物多樣性、陸棲動物多樣性與特點，分析了其破壞狀況和原因，提出了生物多樣性保護對策和可持續(xù)利用途徑。黃河三角洲生物多樣性調查研究結果顯示：近海海域共鑒定出浮游植物116種、浮游動物79種、底棲動物222種、潮間帶動物192種、魚類112種，其他重要海洋動物11種；淡水水域共鑒定出浮游植物291種、浮游動物144種、底棲動物69種、魚類102種；陸域和海島共鑒定出高等植物608種、無脊椎動物922種、脊椎動物325種，有4種動物為山東新記錄種。該區(qū)域濕地植被群叢多樣，鳥類多樣性豐富，重點保護鳥類種類多、種群數量大。

關鍵詞：黃河三角洲；生物多樣性；保護；可持續(xù)利用

來源出版物：環(huán)境科學研究, 2002, 15(4): 35-53

被引頻次：46

甌江口三維潮流和鹽度數值模擬研究

姜恒志，沈永明，汪守東，等

摘要：環(huán)境流體動力學模型（EFDC）集水動力模塊、泥沙輸運模塊、污染物運移模塊和水質預測模塊一體，可以用于河流、湖泊、水庫、濕地和近岸海域一維、二維和三維物理和化學過程的模擬。為了研究多島嶼、地形及流態(tài)復雜的甌江口海區(qū)的水動力過程，本文將EFDC模型運用于該海區(qū)潮流場和鹽度場的數值模擬。對比實測資料校核了模型參數，把模擬結果和實測潮位、流速和鹽度進行了比較，吻合較好，并對甌江口海區(qū)的潮流場以及鹽度場進行了詳細分析，發(fā)現(xiàn)近岸和江口及樂清灣大部分區(qū)域往復流明顯，離岸越遠旋轉流越明顯，河口處鹽度在垂線分布上呈強混合型。結果表明：該模式成功復演了甌江口海區(qū)的潮流和鹽度變化過程，可以用于模擬和分析河口及近海海域的動力場。

關鍵詞：潮流；鹽度；數值模擬；EFDC

來源出版物：水動力學研究進展, 2009, 24(1): 63-70

被引頻次：46

近岸海域污染物遷移轉化的三維水質動力學模型

沈永明，鄭永紅，吳修廣

摘要：以研究近岸海域環(huán)境中多組分的水質動力學模型為目標，在分析近海環(huán)境中各種物理、化學和生物過程的基礎上，針對這種多因素作用下的復雜過程，將污染物擴散輸移的湍流模型與多組分污染物的生物、化學轉化模型相結合，建立了統(tǒng)一考慮物理、化學和生物過程綜合作用的近岸海域多組分三維水質動力學模型，模型可同時模擬水溫、鹽度、懸浮固體、大腸桿菌、生化需氧量、溶解氧、有機氮、氨氮、硝酸鹽氮、亞硝酸鹽氮、藻類、腐植質以及營養(yǎng)物質氮、磷、硅等多個水質狀態(tài)變量及其相互作用，成功地應用于近岸海域的水質模擬。為海域環(huán)境影響評價、環(huán)境規(guī)劃、環(huán)境管理、污染控制及綜合防治等提供科學依據和可靠的手段。

關鍵詞：近岸海域環(huán)境；多組分；污染物；物理、生化過程；水質動力學模型

來源出版物：自然科學進展, 2004, 14(6): 694-699

被引頻次：568

來源出版物：Ecotoxicology, 1996, 5(4): 253-278

被引頻次：466

Origin of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in coastal marine sediments: Case studies in Cotonou (Benin) and Aquitaine (France) areas

Soclo, HH; Garrigues, P; Ewald, M

Abstract:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) were identified and quantified in recent sediments of the Cotonou coastal zones (Benin) in the total concentration range 25-1450 ng·g-1, while the Aquitaine sediment samples (France) exhibited total PAH concentrations in the range 4-855 ng·g-1. The highest contents of PAHs were found in the harbours, as well in Cotonou as in the Aquitaine region, with the maximum values in the Cotonou harbour. However, the PAH concentrations were comparable with those of slightly contaminated zones. Good correlations observed between a certain number of pairs of isomer PAH concentrations allowed to identify six origin molecular indices that were used to identify the PAH contamination sources in the studied sampling stations: Phe/ An, Flt/Py, Chry/BaA, LMW/HMW, Per/Sigma(PAH), and Per/Sigma(penta-aromatics). In general, the Cotonou lagoon sampling sites were contaminated mainly by petrogenic PAHs, due to petroleum trade at individual scale along the lagoon, and also waste oils from mechanics shops; the Aquitaine samples were polluted by pyrolytic origin PAHs. Interferences of rather petrogenic and pyrolytic PAH contaminations,pere noticed in the harbours due to petroleum products deliveries and fuel combustion emissions from the ships staying alongside the quays. Diagenetic origin of perylene was confirmed in this study, but its possible formation by combustion of organic matter was also considered because of the relatively higher concentrations of this PAH in the harbours of Cotonou and of Aquitaine region sediment samples.

Keywords:PAH; sediments; origin indices; lagoon of Cotonou; Estuary of Gironde; Arcachon Bay

來源出版物：Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2000, 40(5): 387-396

被引頻次：413

Couplings of watersheds and coastal waterssources and consequences of nutrient enrichment in waquoit bay, massachusetts

Valiela, I; Foreman, K; Lamontagne, M; et al.

Abstract:Human activities on coastal watersheds provide the major sources of nutrients entering shallow coastal ecosystems. Nutrient loadings from watersheds are the most widespread factor that alters structure and function of receiving aquatic ecosystems. To investigate this coupling of land to marine systems, we are studying a series of subwatersheds of Waquoit Bay that differ in degree of urbanization and hence are exposed to widely different nutrient loading rates. The subwatersheds differ in the number of septic tanks and the relative acreage of forests. In the area of our study, groundwater is the major mechanism that transports nutrients to coastal waters. Although there is some attenuation of nutrient concentrations within the aquifer or at the sediment-water interface, in urbanized areas there are significant increases in the nutrient content of groundwater arriving at the shore's edge. The groundwater seeps or flows through the sediment-water boundary, and sufficient groundwaterborne nutrients (nitrogen in particular) traverse the sediment-water boundary to cause significant changes in the aquatic ecosystem. These loading-dependent alterations include increased nutrients in water, greater primary production by phytoplankton, and increased macroalgal biomass and growth (mediated by a suite of physiological responses to abundance of nutrients). The increased macroalgal biomass dominates the bay ecosystem through second- or third-order effects such as alterations of nutrientstatus of water columns and increasing frequency of anoxic events. The increases in seaweeds have decreased the areas covered by eelgrass habitats. The change in habitat type, plus the increased frequency of anoxic events, change the composition of the benthic fauna. The data make evident the importance of bottom-up control in shallow coastal food webs. The coupling of land to sea by groundwaterborne nutrient transport is mediated by a complex series of steps; the cascade of processes make it unlikely to find a one-to-one relation between land use and conditions in the aquatic ecosystem. Study of the process and synthesis by appropriate models may provide a way to deal with the complexities of the coupling.

來源出版物：Estuaries, 1992, 15(4): 443-457

被引頻次：354

Variations in the light absorption coefficients of phytoplankton, nonalgal particles, and dissolved organic matter in coastal waters around Europe

Babin, M; Stramski, D; Ferrari, GM; et al.

Abstract:We measured the absorption properties of phytoplankton, nonalgal particles (NAP), and colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) at about 350 stations in various coastal waters around Europe including the English Channel, Adriatic Sea, Baltic Sea, Mediterranean Sea, and North Sea. For comparison, we also collected data in the open ocean waters of North Atlantic. The exponential slope of the CDOM absorption spectrum varied within a narrow range around 0.0176 nm-1(SD=0.0020 nm-1). When data from all the regions were considered altogether, the relationship between phytoplankton absorption and chlorophyll concentration was generally similar to the one previously established for open oceanic waters. Our coastal data, however, show that significant departures from the general trend may occur due to peculiar pigment composition and cell size. In some coastal areas, high phaeopigment concentrations gave rise to especially high blue-to-red ratio of phytoplankton absorption. The NAP absorption covaried with the particle dry weight. Most absorption spectra of these particles were well described by an exponential function with a slope averaging 0.0123 nm-1(SD=0.0013 nm-1). In some highly turbid waters, the spectra exhibited a signature possibly associated with iron oxides. In the Baltic Sea, NAP absorption systematically showed lower values at wavelengths shorter than 440 nm than predicted from the fitted exponential function. Overall, the variability in the absorption properties of European coastal waters showed some consistent patterns despite the high diversity of the examined waters. Distinct features were identified in the phytoplankton and NAP components. An absorption budget is presented and parameterizations are proposed.

Keywords:absorption; particles; CDOM; phytoplankton; optics

來源出版物：Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 2003, 108(C7): 1-4

被引頻次：312

Seasonal and spatial variability of bacterial and archaeal assemblages in the coastal waters near Anvers Island, Antarctica

Murray, AE; Preston, CM; Massana, R; et al.

Abstract:A previous report of high levels of members of the domain Archaea in Antarctic coastal waters prompted us to investigate the ecology of Antarctic planktonic prokaryotes, rRNA hybridization techniques and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis of the bacterial V3 region were used to study variation in Antarctic picoplankton assemblages. In Anvers Island nearshore waters during late winter to early spring, the amounts of archaeal rRNA ranged from 17.1 to 3.6% of the total picoplankton rRNA in 1996 and from 16.0 to 1.0% of the total rRNA in 1995, Offshore in the Palmer Basin, the levels of archaeal rRNA throughout the water column were higher (average, 24% of the total rRNA) during the same period in 1996. The archaeal rRNA levels in nearshore waters followed a highly seasonal pattern and markedly decreased during the austral summer at two stations. There was a significant negative correlation between archaeal rRNA levels and phytoplankton levels las inferred from chlorophyll a concentrations) in nearshore surface waters during the early spring of 1995 and during an 8-month period in 1996 and 1997,in situhybridization experiments revealed that 5% to 14% of DAPI (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole)-stained cells were archaeal, corresponding to 0.9 × 104to 2.7 × 104archaeal cells per mi, in late winter 1996 samples. Analysis of bacterial ribosomal DNA fragments by DGGE revealed that the assemblage composition may reflect changes in water column stability, depth, or season. The data indicatethat changes in Antarctic seasons are accompanied by significant shifts in the species composition of bacterioplankton assemblages and by large decreases in the relative proportion of archaeal rRNA in the nearshore water column.

來源出版物：Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 1998, 64(7): 2585-2595

被引頻次：306

Changes in nutrient structure of river-dominated coastal waters: stoichiometric nutrient balance and its consequences

Justic, D; Rabalais, NN; Turner, RE

Abstract:We present an analysis of extensive nutrient data sets from two river-dominated coastal ecosystems, the northern Adriatic Sea and the northern Gulf of Mexico, demonstrating significant changes in surface nutrient ratios over a period of 30 years. The silicon:nitrogen ratios have decreased, indicating increased potential for silicon limitation. The nitrogen:phosphorus and the silicon: phosphorus ratios have also changed substantially, and the coastal nutrient structures have become more balanced and potentially less limiting for phytoplankton growth. It is likely that net phytoplankton productivity increased under these conditions and was accompanied by increasing bottom water hypoxia and major changes in community species composition. These findings support the hypothesis that increasing coastal eutrophication to date may be associated with stoichiometric nutrient balance, due to increasing potential for silicon limitation and decreasing potential for nitrogen and phosphorus limitation. On a worldwide basis, coastal ecosystems adjacent to rivers influenced by anthropogenic nutrient loads may experience similar alterations.

Keywords:nutrients; eutrophication; hypoxia; PO river; Mississippi river; Adriatic sea; gulf of México

來源出版物：Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science, 1995, 40(3): 339-356

被引頻次：286

Atmospheric correction of SeaWiFS imagery for turbid coastal and inland waters

Ruddick, KG; Ovidio, F; Rijkeboer, M; et al.

Abstract:The standard SeaWiFS atmospheric correction algorithm, designed for open ocean water, has been extended for use over turbid coastal and inland waters. Failure of the standard algorithm over turbid waters can be attributed to invalid assumptions of zero water-leaving radiance for the near-infrared bands at 765 and 865 nm. In the present study these assumptions are replaced by the assumptions of spatial homogeneity of the 765:865-nm ratios for aerosol reflectance and for water-leaving reflectance. These two ratios are imposed as calibration parameters after inspection of the Rayleigh-corrected reflectance scatterplot. The performance of the new algorithm is demonstrated for imagery of Belgian coastal waters and yields physically realistic water-leaving radiance spectra. A preliminary comparison with in situ radiance spectra fbr the Dutch Lake Markermeer shows significant improvement over the standard atmospheric correction algorithm. An analysis is made of the sensitivity of results to the choice of calibration parameters, and perspectives for application of the method to other sensors are briefly discussed.

來源出版物：Applied Optics, 2000, 39(6): 897-912

被引頻次：273

Global change and eutrophication of coastal waters

Rabalais, Nancy N.; Turner, R. Eugene; Diaz, Robert J; et al.

Abstract:The cumulative effects of global change, including climate change, increased population, and more intense industrialization and agri-business, will likely continue and intensify the course of eutrophication in estuarine and coastal waters. As a result, the symptoms of eutrophication, such as noxious and harmful algal blooms, reduced water quality, loss of habitat and natural resources, and severity of hypoxia (oxygen depletion) and its extent in estuaries and coastal waters will increase. Global climate changes will likely result in higher water temperatures, stronger stratification, and increased inflows of freshwater and nutrients to coastal waters in many areas of the globe. Both past experience and model forecasts suggest that these changes will result in enhanced primary production, higher phytoplankton and macroalgal standing stocks, and more frequent or severe hypoxia. The negative consequences of increased nutrient loading and stratification may be partly, but only temporarily, compensated by stronger or more frequent tropical stormactivity in low and mid-latitudes. In anticipation of the negative effects of global change, nutrient loadings to coastal waters need to be reduced now, so that further water quality degradation is prevented.

來源出版物：Ices Journal of Marine Science, 2002, 287(19): 2469-2475

被引頻次：257

Asia-Pacific mussel watch: Monitoring contamination of persistent organochlorine compounds in coastal waters of Asian countries

Monirith, I; Ueno, D; Takahashi, S; et al.

Abstract:Contamination of persistent organochlorines (OCs) such as PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls), DDT and its metabolites (DDTs), HCH (hexachlorocyclohexane) isomers (HCHs), chlordane compounds (CHLs), and HCB (hexachlorobenzene) were examined in mussels collected from coastal waters of Asian countries such as Cambodia, China, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Philippines, Far East Russia, Singapore, and Vietnam in 1994, 1997, 1998, 1999, and 2001 to elucidate the contamination status, distribution and possible pollution sources and to assess the risks on aquatic organisms and human. OCs were detected in all mussels collected from all the sampling sites investigated. Considerable residue levels of p,p’-DDT and alpha-HCH were found in mussels and the concentrations of DDTs and HCHs found in mussels from Asian developing countries were higher than those in developed nations suggesting present usage of DDTs and HCHs along the coastal waters of Asian developing countries. On the other hand, lower concentrations of PCBs detected in mussels from Asian developing countries than those in developed countries indicate that PCBs contamination in mussels is strongly related to industrial and activities. To our knowledge, this is a first comprehensive report on monitoring OCs pollution in the Asia-Pacific region.

Keywords:organochlorine compounds (OCs); mussels; Asia-Pacific region; developing countries; developed nations

來源出版物：Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2003, 46(3): 281-300

Large groundwater inputs to coastal waters revealed by226Ra enrichments

Moore, WS

The flow of ground water directly into the coastal ocean has been studied previously by in situ measurements, seep meters and diffusion gradient models'. Although these techniques provide ample evidence that such flows occur, they do not provide a means of quantifying the groundwater flux on a regional scale. Here I report large enrichments of226Ra in coastal waters of the South Atlantic Eight, and demonstrate that groundwater discharge is the main source of the226Ra surplus. Using226Ra data for brackish ground waters with estimates of residence times of nearshore waters, I conclude that the groundwater flux to these coastal waters must be about 40% of the river-water flux during the study period. Besides Ra, other metals, nutrients and organic compounds are expected to be enriched in brackish ground waters, so these findings require an upward revision of terrestrial fluxes of dissolved materials to these coastal waters, and perhaps a re-evaluation of such fluxes to the global ocean. These fluxes may be sensitive to hydrological factors, groundwater usage, dredging and sea-level change.來源出版物：Nature, 1996, 380(6575): 612-614被引頻次：498Development and evaluation of sediment quality guidelines for Florida coastal watersMacDonald, DD; Carr, RS; Calder, FD; et al.Abstract:The weight-of-evidence approach to the development of sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) was modified to support the derivation of biological effects-based SQGs for Florida coastal waters. Numerical SQGs were derived for 34 substances, including nine trace metals, 13 individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), three groups of PAHs, total polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), seven pesticides and one phthalate ester. For each substance, a threshold effects level (TEL) and a probable effects level (PEL) was calculated. These two values defined three ranges of chemical concentrations, including those that were (1) rarely, (2) occasionally or (3) frequently associated with adverse effects. The SQGs were then evaluated to determine their degree ofagreement with other guidelines (an indicator of comparability) and the percent incidence of adverse effects within each concentration range (an indicator of reliability). The guidelines also were used to classify (using a dichotomous system: toxic, with one or more exceedances of the PELs or non-toxic, with no exceedances of the TELs) sediment samples collected from various locations in Florida and the Gulf of Mexico, The accuracy of these predictions was then evaluated using the results of the biological tests that were performed on the same sediment samples. The resultant SQGs were demonstrated to provide practical, reliable and predictive tools for assessing sediment quality in Florida and elsewhere in the southeastern portion of the United States.

sediment quality guidelines; contaminants; biological effects; marine; estuarine