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      不同負(fù)荷室性期前收縮患者心臟結(jié)構(gòu)及左心室?guī)缀螛?gòu)型的比較分析

      2016-12-23 01:37:28羅鴻宇朱瑋瑋侯海霞劉榮坤
      關(guān)鍵詞:心性室性構(gòu)型

      羅鴻宇 華 琦 朱瑋瑋 侯海霞 劉榮坤

      (1. 首都醫(yī)科大學(xué)宣武醫(yī)院老年病(綜合)科,北京 100053;2. 首都醫(yī)科大學(xué)宣武醫(yī)院心臟科,北京 100053)

      ?

      · 心血管疾病的病理生理機(jī)制 ·

      不同負(fù)荷室性期前收縮患者心臟結(jié)構(gòu)及左心室?guī)缀螛?gòu)型的比較分析

      羅鴻宇1華 琦2*朱瑋瑋2侯海霞2劉榮坤2

      (1. 首都醫(yī)科大學(xué)宣武醫(yī)院老年病(綜合)科,北京 100053;2. 首都醫(yī)科大學(xué)宣武醫(yī)院心臟科,北京 100053)

      目的 探討不同負(fù)荷室性期前收縮(premature ventricular contractions, PVCs)對(duì)患者心臟結(jié)構(gòu)、功能的影響及其與心臟幾何構(gòu)型的相關(guān)性。方法 回顧性分析PVCs患者142例,根據(jù)PVCs負(fù)荷將其分為以下3組:低負(fù)荷組(n=54):PVCs負(fù)荷<10%;中負(fù)荷組(n=55):PVCs負(fù)荷為10%~20%;高負(fù)荷組(n=33):PVCs負(fù)荷>20%;分析PVCs負(fù)荷與患者心功能參數(shù)、左心室構(gòu)型構(gòu)成比率的關(guān)系,并通過(guò)Logistic回歸分析對(duì)左心室肥厚的危險(xiǎn)因素進(jìn)行分析。結(jié)果 與高負(fù)荷組比較,低負(fù)荷組、中負(fù)荷組左心房?jī)?nèi)徑(left atrial diameter, LAD)、左心室流出道徑(left ventricular outflow tract, LVOT)、左心室舒張末期內(nèi)徑(left ventricular internal dimension at end-diastole, LVIDD)、左心室舒張末期容積(left ventricular end-diastolic volume, LVEDV)、左心室心肌質(zhì)量(left ventricular myocardial mass, LVM)、左心室心肌質(zhì)量指數(shù)(left ventricular myocardial mass index, LVMI)明顯降低,左室射血分?jǐn)?shù)(left ventricular ejection fraction, LVEF)升高,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);PVCs負(fù)荷與右心室流出道徑(right ventricular outflow tract, RVOT)、LAD、LVOT、LVIDD、LVEDV、每搏心輸出量(stroke volume, SV)、LVMI呈正相關(guān)(P<0.05),與LVEF呈負(fù)相關(guān)(P<0.05);隨PVCs負(fù)荷增加,左心室正常構(gòu)型比例下降,離心性肥厚比例增加,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。年齡、高血壓、PVCs負(fù)荷為發(fā)生左心室肥厚的危險(xiǎn)因素。結(jié)論 PVCs患者期前收縮負(fù)荷與心臟結(jié)構(gòu)及功能顯著相關(guān),隨期前收縮負(fù)荷增加,左心室肥厚程度加重、收縮功能減低、離心性肥厚比例增加;對(duì)于高齡、合并高血壓及PVCs負(fù)荷過(guò)重的患者,應(yīng)早期監(jiān)測(cè)心功能,并及早對(duì)PVCs予以干預(yù)。

      室性期前收縮;期前收縮負(fù)荷;左心室功能;左心室結(jié)構(gòu)

      室性期前收縮(premature ventricular contractions,PVCs)在高血壓、冠狀動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化性心臟病(以下簡(jiǎn)稱冠心病)、心臟瓣膜病、心肌病、心肌炎、心力衰竭等多種器質(zhì)性心臟病中有很高的發(fā)生率,也廣泛見于心臟結(jié)構(gòu)及功能正常者中,是臨床中極為常見的心律失常。反復(fù)發(fā)生的PVCs可引起患者多種不適癥狀,如心悸、胸痛等,且在器質(zhì)性心臟病患者中,PVCs的出現(xiàn)常預(yù)示著猝死風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的提高[1],因此,臨床工作中應(yīng)對(duì)PVCs加以關(guān)注。

      近年來(lái)國(guó)內(nèi)外多項(xiàng)研究[2-6]證實(shí),頻發(fā)PVCs可伴有可逆性心肌病變[2]或左心室功能減低[3],但現(xiàn)階段很難分辨二者因果關(guān)系[4],因此,很多研究[3-6]將這種現(xiàn)象稱為“PVCs相關(guān)的左室功能障礙”。左心室功能障礙與心室重構(gòu)密切相關(guān),心室重構(gòu)是機(jī)體在多種因素共同作用下,心室結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生的改變,Ganau等[5]結(jié)合左心室心肌質(zhì)量指數(shù)(left ventricular myocardial mass index, LVMI)及室壁相對(duì)厚度(relative wall thickness, RWT)將左室重構(gòu)分為正常重構(gòu)、向心性重構(gòu)、向心性肥厚、離心性肥厚4種類型,并認(rèn)為不同構(gòu)型與血流動(dòng)力學(xué)指標(biāo)及預(yù)后密切相關(guān)。左心室心肌質(zhì)量(left ventricular myocardial mass, LVM)及LVMI是判斷左心室重構(gòu)和左心室肥厚程度的重要指標(biāo),同時(shí)也是評(píng)定左心室功能的重要指標(biāo)。很多研究[1,6-8]已證實(shí)PVCs可引起心臟結(jié)構(gòu)及功能的可逆性變化,但是對(duì)PVCs負(fù)荷與LVMI及左心室?guī)缀螛?gòu)型的關(guān)系研究較少。因此,本研究通過(guò)對(duì)不同負(fù)荷PVCs患者心臟結(jié)構(gòu)及功能進(jìn)行比較分析,探討其相關(guān)性,為早期干預(yù)PVCs提供臨床指導(dǎo)和建議。

      1 資料與方法

      1.1 研究對(duì)象

      入選2013年1月至2014年8月在首都醫(yī)科大學(xué)宣武醫(yī)院心臟中心門診就診的全部室性期前收縮患者共142例,其中,男性68例,女性74例,平均年齡(56.94±13.11)歲,PVCs的診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)符合《2015年ACC/AHA/ESC室性心律失常治療和心臟性猝死預(yù)防指南》[9]中室性心律失常診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn);伴或不伴有心悸、胸痛、先兆暈厥、暈厥等癥狀,心電圖檢查可見:①期前出現(xiàn)的QRS-T波前無(wú)P波或無(wú)相關(guān)P波;②期前出現(xiàn)的QRS形態(tài)寬大畸形,時(shí)限通常>0.12 s,T波方向多與主波方向相反;③往往為完全性代償間歇,即期前收縮前后的兩個(gè)竇性P波間距等于正常PP間距的2倍;且滿足PVCs頻次>3 000次/24 h。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):急性冠狀動(dòng)脈綜合征、腦血管意外;未控制的甲狀腺功能亢進(jìn)、甲狀腺功能減退;緩慢性心律失常(包括病態(tài)竇房結(jié)綜合征、Ⅱ度以上房室傳導(dǎo)阻滯);嚴(yán)重心功能不全(慢性心力衰竭,左室射血分?jǐn)?shù)(left ventricular ejection fraction, LVEF)≤35%),心源性休克者;藥物、電解質(zhì)或酸堿平衡紊亂等因素引起的心律失常;入選前服用抗心律失常及影響自主神經(jīng)藥物,未超過(guò)藥物5個(gè)半衰期;嚴(yán)重的肝、腎功能不全;各系統(tǒng)腫瘤、長(zhǎng)期服用免疫抑制劑;預(yù)計(jì)存活期<6個(gè)月以及臨床資料不全、拒絕參加研究者。

      1.2 研究方法

      1.2.1 臨床資料收集

      所有入選患者均行常規(guī)12導(dǎo)聯(lián)心電圖、24 h動(dòng)態(tài)心電圖檢查及心臟多普勒超聲檢查。通過(guò)24 h動(dòng)態(tài)心電圖獲取QRS波總數(shù)、最小心率、最大心率、平均心率、PVCs頻數(shù)及最長(zhǎng)R-R間期等參數(shù)。通過(guò)心臟多普勒超聲獲取患者右心室流出道徑(right ventricular outflow tract, RVOT)、左心房?jī)?nèi)徑(left atrial diameter, LAD)、左心室流出道徑(left ventricular outflow tract, LVOT)、右心室舒張末內(nèi)徑(right ventricular internal dimension at end-diastole,RVIDD)、室間隔厚度(interventricular septum thick, IVST)、左心室舒張末期內(nèi)徑(left ventricular internal dimension at end-diastole, LVIDD)、左心室后壁厚度(left ventricular posterior wall thickness, LVPWT)、LVEF、左心室舒張末期容積(left ventricular end-diastolic volume, LVEDV)、心輸出量(cardiac output, CO)、每搏心輸出量(stroke volume, SV);根據(jù)檢查結(jié)果,計(jì)算LVM、LVMI、RWT等參數(shù)。

      1.2.2 PVCs負(fù)荷、LVM、LVMI等相關(guān)指標(biāo)的計(jì)算方法

      PVCs負(fù)荷=(24 h PVCs總頻次/總心率)×100%;體表面積(body surface area, BSA)(m2)=0.006 1×身高(cm)+0.012 8×體質(zhì)量(kg)-0.152 9;體質(zhì)量指數(shù)(body mass index, BMI)(kg / m2)=體質(zhì)量 (kg)/ [身高(m)]2;LVM(g)=1.04[(IVST +LVPWT+LVIDD)3-LVIDD3]-13.6(Devereux公式[10]);其中,IVST,LVPWT,LVIDD的單位為cm;LVMI(g/m2)=LVM/BSA;RWT=2×(LVPWT/LVIDD)。

      1.2.3 心室構(gòu)型的判定

      LVMI以男性>124 g/m2,女性>110 g/m2為肥厚標(biāo)準(zhǔn);RWT以>0.45為增大標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。根據(jù)Ganau等[5]分類法將左心室構(gòu)型分為如下4種類型:(1)正常重構(gòu):LVMI與RWT均正常;(2)向心性重構(gòu):LVMI正常,RWT增大;(3)向心性肥厚:LVMI與RWT均增大;(4)離心性肥厚:LVMI增大,RWT正常。

      1.3 分組方法

      有研究[7]指出,期前收縮負(fù)荷達(dá)到10%即可引起可逆性心肌病變,故根據(jù)入選患者PVCs負(fù)荷將其分為以下3組:低負(fù)荷組(n=54):PVCs負(fù)荷<10%;中負(fù)荷組(n=55):PVCs負(fù)荷為10%~20%;高負(fù)荷組(n=33):PVCs負(fù)荷>20%。

      1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法

      2 結(jié)果

      2.1 不同負(fù)荷PVCs患者臨床基線資料比較

      3組患者年齡、性別、BMI、合并疾病、24 h動(dòng)態(tài)心電圖 QRS波總數(shù)、最小心率、最大心率、平均心率,最長(zhǎng)R-R間期比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05,表1)。

      2.2 不同負(fù)荷PVCs患者心功能參數(shù)的比較

      3組患者RVIDD、IVST、LVPWT、CO比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。與高負(fù)荷組比較,低負(fù)荷組RVOT、SV降低(P<0.05),低負(fù)荷組、中負(fù)荷組LVEF升高(P<0.05),LAD、LVOT、LVIDD、LVEDV、LVM、LVMI明顯降低(P<0.01)(表2)。

      2.3 PVCs負(fù)荷與相關(guān)指標(biāo)的相關(guān)性分析

      PVCs負(fù)荷與RVOT、LAD、LVOT、LVIDD、LVEDV、SV、LVMI呈正相關(guān)(P<0.01),隨著PVCs負(fù)荷的增加,RVOT、LAD、LVOT、LVIDD、LVEDV、SV、LVMI逐漸增加。PVCs負(fù)荷與LVEF呈負(fù)相關(guān)(P<0.01),隨著PVCs負(fù)荷的增加,LVEF逐漸下降(表3)。

      表1 不同期前收縮負(fù)荷3組患者臨床基線資料比較

      VariableAge/aMale/%BMI/(kg·m-2)Hypertension/%Diabetesmellitus/%Coronaryheartdisease/%GroupⅠ(burden<10%,n=54)57.20±12.9523(42.6)24.00±3.2626(51.9) 9(16.7)5(9.3)GroupⅡ(burden10%-20%,n=55)57.82±13.4930(54.5)25.20±3.1325(45.5) 9(16.4)11(20.0)GroupⅢ(burden>20%,n=33)55.03±12.9115(45.5)24.67±4.2613(39.4) 5(15.2) 6(18.2)P0.6190.4360.1970.5180.9820.267VariableQRSamountMinimalHR/min-1MaximalHR/min-1MeanHR/min-1LongestR?Rinterval/sGroupⅠ(burden<10%,n=54)102161.30±11646.8549.89±7.59118.30±25.1773.35±8.101.60±0.30GroupⅡ(burden10%-20%,n=55)100698.93±13734.8349.31±8.87116.53±17.5073.07±7.491.65±0.30GroupⅢ(burden>20%,n=33)100129.76±13963.9150.25±7.76112.91±20.1374.38±8.421.64±0.24P0.7440.8620.5260.7540.616

      PVCs:premature ventricular contractions; BMI: body mass index; HR: heart rate.

      表2 不同期前收縮負(fù)荷3組患者心功能參數(shù)的比較

      VariableRVOT/mmLAD/mmLVOT/mmRVIDD/mmIVST/mmLVIDD/mmLVPWT/mmGroupⅠ(burden<10%,n=54)30.99±2.94?34.41±4.31??29.44±3.51??16.78±1.669.85±1.3448.15±4.77??9.76±1.12GroupⅡ(burden10%-20%,n=55)31.81±3.6336.84±5.1230.04±3.1816.68±1.659.92±1.5951.16±6.719.87±1.32GroupⅢ(burden>20%,n=33)32.76±2.8038.09±5.6431.42±2.6717.30±2.2010.12±1.2452.91±6.9110.18±1.01P0.0430.0020.0220.2680.6850.0010.264VariableLVEF/%LVEDV/mLCO/(L·m-1)SV/mLLVM/gLVMI/(g·m-2)GroupⅠ(burden<10%,n=54)65.74±6.43?109.72±25.12??5.09±1.4471.78±16.56?198.32±59.26??116.29±30.50??GroupⅡ(burden10%-20%,n=55)64.96±5.74?127.62±39.275.59±1.7882.56±22.68225.14±82.64127.70±48.31GroupⅢ(burden>20%,n=33)62.21±6.91136.52±45.145.63±1.9083.06±24.10245.79±74.88142.30±43.92P0.0380.0020.2170.0120.0110.019

      *P<0.05,**P<0.01vsGroup Ⅲ; RVOT: right ventricular outflow tract; LAD: left atrial diameter; LVOT: left ventricular outflow tract; RVIDD: right ventricular internal dimension at end-diastole; IVST: interventricular septum thick; LVIDD: left ventricular internal dimension at end-diastole; LVPWT: left ventricular posterior wall thickness; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; LVEDV: left ventricular end-diastolic volume; CO: cardiac output; SV: stroke volume; LVM: left ventricular myocardial mass; LVMI: left ventricular myocardial mass index.

      表3 PVCs負(fù)荷與相關(guān)指標(biāo)的相關(guān)性分析

      Tab.3 Result of correlation analysis

      VariablerPRVOT0.2530.002LAD0.2550.002LVOT0.2480.003LVIDD0.3450.000LVEF-0.2180.009LVEDV0.3300.000SV0.2520.002LVMI0.2840.001

      PVCs:premature ventricular contractions; RVOT: right ventricular outflow tract; LAD: left atrial diameter; LVOT: left ventricular outflow tract; LVIDD: left ventricular internal dimension at end-diastole; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; LVEDV: left ventricular end-diastolic volume; SV: stroke volume; LVMI: left ventricular myocardial mass index.

      2.4 不同負(fù)荷3組患者左心室構(gòu)型的比較

      142例患者中,左心室構(gòu)型正常者55例,占38.7%;向心性重構(gòu)7例,占4.9%;向心性肥厚11例,占7.7%,離心性肥厚69例,占48.6%。3組患者

      左心室構(gòu)型構(gòu)成比不同,隨PVCs負(fù)荷增加,左心室正常構(gòu)型比例下降,離心性肥厚比例增加,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。組間分割后,進(jìn)行χ2檢驗(yàn),以校正檢驗(yàn)水準(zhǔn)α=0.016為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,高負(fù)荷組左心室正常構(gòu)型比例明顯低于低負(fù)荷組(P<0.016),中負(fù)荷組、高負(fù)荷組左心室離心性肥厚比例明顯高于低負(fù)荷組(P<0.016,表4)。

      2.5 左心室肥厚的Logistic回歸分析結(jié)果

      采用二分類Logistic回歸分析左心室肥厚的危險(xiǎn)因素。當(dāng)進(jìn)入水準(zhǔn)為0.05,剔除水準(zhǔn)為0.10時(shí),年齡、高血壓、QTCB、PVCs負(fù)荷選入方差,回歸系數(shù)(B)為正值,危險(xiǎn)度(OR)>1,提示年齡、高血壓、PVCs負(fù)荷為發(fā)生左心室肥厚的危險(xiǎn)因素(表5)。

      3 討論

      PVCs為心室內(nèi)異位起搏點(diǎn)發(fā)出的過(guò)早沖動(dòng)所引起的異常心臟搏動(dòng)?,F(xiàn)有研究[11-15]認(rèn)為,PVCs的負(fù)

      表4 不同期前收縮負(fù)荷3組患者左心室構(gòu)型的比較

      Tab.4 Comparison of the left ventricular structure in the 3 groupsn(%)

      *P<0.016vsGroup Ⅰ.

      表5 影響左心室肥厚因素的Logistic回歸分析

      Tab.5 Results of Logistic regression

      VariableBS.E.WaldPOR95.0%CIforExp(B)LowerUpperAge0.0500.0178.7470.0031.0511.0171.086Hypertension0.8830.4224.3800.0362.4191.0585.532PVCsburden0.1060.03012.7140.0001.1121.0491.179Constant-5.5711.33117.5210.0010.004--

      PVCs:premature ventricular contractions.

      荷、QRS波時(shí)限、起源部位、QT間期長(zhǎng)度、聯(lián)律間期,PVCs患者的病程長(zhǎng)短、BMI以及插入性PVCs、多形PVCs等都可能與PVCs引起的心肌病變相關(guān)。在上述各種因素中,由于PVCs的臨床癥狀有很大的變異性,從無(wú)癥狀,輕微心悸不適,到PVCs觸發(fā)惡性室性心律失常致暈厥或黑蒙,表現(xiàn)繁多,難以進(jìn)行分析,而PVCs負(fù)荷被認(rèn)為是患者遠(yuǎn)期發(fā)生左室功能障礙的決定因素之一[3,13],因此本研究以PVCs負(fù)荷為切入點(diǎn),對(duì)142例不同負(fù)荷PVCs患者的心臟結(jié)構(gòu)及功能進(jìn)行分析比較,發(fā)現(xiàn)在PVCs病程早期,隨著PVCs負(fù)荷的增加,患者的RVOT、LAD、LVOT、LVIDD、LVEDV、SV、LVM、LVMI出現(xiàn)逐漸增加趨勢(shì),LVEF出現(xiàn)逐漸下降趨勢(shì),且差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),這與目前國(guó)內(nèi)外的大部分研究[16]相一致。

      目前對(duì)于PVCs引起心肌病變及左室功能障礙發(fā)病機(jī)制的解釋尚無(wú)統(tǒng)一的答案:正常心室功能依賴于心室肌的同步激活和協(xié)調(diào)運(yùn)動(dòng),當(dāng)PVCs發(fā)生時(shí),電激動(dòng)起源異??梢鹦氖壹〉臒o(wú)效機(jī)械收縮[13]及心室內(nèi)、心室間的不同步收縮,降低心臟收縮效率,減少有效心輸出量,同時(shí)增加心肌耗氧,引起心肌缺血、心功能障礙[3],LVEF減低。隨著心肌耗氧量的增加,心肌細(xì)胞能量的供應(yīng)發(fā)生相對(duì)不足,可使局部心肌細(xì)胞凋亡、壞死;而心肌細(xì)胞的減少,再次加重了心臟收縮效率和收縮能力的下降,降低了正常的收縮泵功能;為了適應(yīng)心臟的正常做功,心肌在多種病理生理因素的作用下,逐漸發(fā)生代償性重構(gòu),表現(xiàn)為心室壁不對(duì)稱增厚、心肌血流改變,局部心肌蛋白表達(dá)[17],最終出現(xiàn)LVM、LVMI增加,左心室肥厚。

      本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),隨著PVCs負(fù)荷的增多,患者出現(xiàn)離心性肥厚比例顯著增加。根據(jù)目前研究結(jié)果,考慮離心性肥厚的發(fā)生與心室長(zhǎng)期高容量負(fù)荷有關(guān)。PVCs發(fā)生時(shí),其前的竇性搏動(dòng)舒張期充盈時(shí)間縮短,心室充盈不足,導(dǎo)致心肌收縮能力較前下降,心臟做功較前減少。為保證正常的心排血量和心臟做功,心臟對(duì)SV進(jìn)行調(diào)節(jié)。PVCs發(fā)生后,其后伴有的長(zhǎng)的代償間歇使心臟的舒張時(shí)間明顯延長(zhǎng),充盈量增加[18],引起心肌的生理性延長(zhǎng)。根據(jù)Frank-Starling定律,心肌的收縮張力增大,SV增加,且隨著PVCs負(fù)荷的增加,呈逐漸升高趨勢(shì)。而心肌長(zhǎng)期的超負(fù)荷工作使心肌細(xì)胞從結(jié)構(gòu)上發(fā)生改變,最終導(dǎo)致心室腔擴(kuò)大。此外頻發(fā)的PVCs使心室壁出現(xiàn)代償性不均勻增厚、心腔容積增大,并導(dǎo)致心肌微循環(huán)受損,為了與容量負(fù)荷相平衡,左心室逐漸生成新的肌小節(jié),并隨著病情進(jìn)展而出現(xiàn)LVEDV的代償性擴(kuò)大,長(zhǎng)此以往,最終發(fā)生心肌的離心性肥厚。以往研究認(rèn)為,左心室?guī)缀螛?gòu)型的變化與預(yù)后密切相關(guān)[19],左室肥厚是預(yù)后較差的左室?guī)缀螛?gòu)型之一,而向心性肥厚和離心性肥厚患者更易發(fā)生復(fù)雜心律失常,且其心血管并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率更高,預(yù)后更差[20]。這也提示臨床醫(yī)生應(yīng)對(duì)合并心室重構(gòu)的PVCs患者更加予以重視。

      現(xiàn)有研究[21]證明,室性心律失常的發(fā)生與左心室肥厚程度有很大相關(guān)性。左心室肥厚能夠顯著增加心血管事件的發(fā)生概率,同時(shí),增加心肌缺血、急性心肌梗死、心力衰竭、惡性心律失常以及心源性猝死的發(fā)生,因此,左心室肥厚可以作為心血管事件以及全因死亡的有效預(yù)測(cè)因子[22]。本研究對(duì)性別、年齡、BMI、高血壓史、糖尿病史、冠心病史、吸煙史、QRS總數(shù),早搏負(fù)荷等可能影LVMI的相關(guān)因素進(jìn)行Logistic回歸分析發(fā)現(xiàn),年齡、高血壓、PVCs負(fù)荷為發(fā)生左心室肥厚的危險(xiǎn)因素,因此,在臨床處理PVCs患者的診療過(guò)程中,對(duì)于高齡、伴有高血壓的頻發(fā)PVCs患者,應(yīng)予以早期干預(yù),以延緩其心室重構(gòu)的發(fā)生和發(fā)展。

      [1] Lee G K, Klarich K W, Grogan M, et al. Premature ventricular contraction-induced cardiomyopathy: a treatable condition[J].Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol,2012, 5(2): 229-236.

      [2] Bogun F, Crawford T, Reich S, et al. Radiofrequency ablation of frequent, idiopathic premature ventricular complexes: comparison with a control group without intervention[J]. Heart Rhythm, 2007, 4(7): 863-867.

      [3] Niwano S, Wakisaka Y, Niwano H, et al. Prognostic significance of frequent premature ventricular contractions originating from the ventricular outflow tract in patients with normal left ventricular function[J]. Heart, 2009,95(15): 1230-1237.

      [4] Penela D, Van Huls Van Taxis C, Aguinaga L, et al. Neurohormonal, structural, and functional recovery pattern after premature ventricular complex ablation is independent of structural heart disease status in patients with depressed left ventricular ejection fraction: a prospective multicenter study[J]. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2013, 62(13): 1195-1202.

      [5] Ganau A, Devereux R B, Roman M J, et al. Patterns of left ventricular hypertrophy and geometricremodeling in essential hypertension[J]. J Am Coll Cardiol, 1992, 19(7): 1550-1558.

      [6] Mayet J, Shahi M, Poulter N R, et al. Left ventricular geometry in presenting untreated hypertension[J]. J Hum Hypertens, 1997, 11(9): 593-594.

      [7] Baman T S, Lange D C, Ilg K J, et al. Relationship between burden of premature ventricular complexes and leftventricular function[J]. Heart Rhythm, 2010, 7(7): 865-869.

      [8] Hasdemir C, Kartal Y, Simsek E, et al. Time course of recovery of left ventricular systolic dysfunction in patients with premature ventricular contraction-induced cardiomyopathy[J]. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol, 2013, 36(5): 612-617.

      [9] Priori S G, Blomstr?m-Lundqvist C, Mazzanti A, et al. 2015 ESC Guidelines for the management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death: the task force for the management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death of the european society of cardiology[J]. G Ital Cardiol, 2016, 17(2):108-170.

      [10]Devereux R B, Alonso D R, Lutas E M, et al. Echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular hypertrophy: comparison to necropsy findings[J]. Am J Cardiol, 1986, 57(6): 450-458.

      [11]Ban J E, Kim Y H. PVC-induced cardiomyopathy: the cut-off value for the premature ventricular complex burden[J]. Europace, 2013, 15(7): 1063-1064.

      [12]Yokokawa M, Kim H M, Good E, et al. Impact of QRS duration of frequent premature ventricular complexes on the development of cardiomyopathy[J]. Heart Rhythm, 2012, 9(9): 1460-1464.

      [13]Del Carpio Munoz F, Syed F F, Noheria A,et al. Characteristics of premature ventricular complexes as correlates of reduced left ventricular systolic function: study of the burden, duration, coupling interval, morphology and site of origin of PVCs[J]. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, 2011, 22(7): 791-798.

      [14]Sun Y, Blom N A, Yu Y, et al. The influence of premature ventricular contractions on left ventricular function in asymptomatic children without structural heart disease: an echocardiographic evaluation[J]. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging, 2003, 19(4): 295-299.

      [15]Kawamura M, Badhwar N, Vedantham V, et al. Coupling interval dispersion and body mass index are independent predictors of idiopathic premature ventricular complex-induced cardiomyopathy[J]. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, 2014, 25(7): 756-762.

      [16]Park Y, Kim S, Shin J, et al. Frequent premature ventricular complex is associated with left atrial enlargement in patients with normal left ventricular ejection fraction[J]. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol, 2014, 37(11): 1455-1461.

      [17]Spragg D D, Kass D A. Pathobiology of left ventricular dyssynchrony and resynchronization[J].Prog Cardiovasc Dis, 2006, 49(1): 26-41.

      [18]Zaborska B, Stec S, Flasińska K, et al. Echocardiography and tissue doppler imaging in assessment of haemodynamics in patients with idiopathic, premature ventricular complexes[J]. Pol Merkur Lekarski, 2006, 20(117): 302-304.

      [19]Lieb W, Gona P, Larson M G, et al. The natural history of left ventricular geometry in the community: clinicalcorrelates and prognostic significance of change in LV geometric pattern[J]. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging, 2014, 7(9):870-878.

      [20]Teh R O, Kerse N, Robinson E, et al. Left ventricular geometry and all-cause mortality in advanced age[J]. Heart Lung Circ, 2015, 24(1):32-39.

      [21]Kunisek J, Zaputovic L, Mavric Z, et al. Influence of the type and degree of left ventricular hypertrophy on the prevalence of ventricular arrhythmias in patients with hypertensive heart disease[J]. Med Klin (Munich), 2008, 103(10): 705-711.

      [22]Rekhraj S, Gandy S J, Szwejkowski B R, et al. High-dose allopurinol reduces left ventricular mass in patients with ischemic heart disease[J]. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2013, 61(9): 926-932.

      編輯 慕 萌

      Comparative analysis of heart structure and left ventricular geometric pattern in patients with different premature ventricular contractions burden

      Luo Hongyu1, Hua Qi2*, Zhu Weiwei2, Hou Haixia2, Liu Rongkun2

      (1.DepartmentofGeriatricMedicine,XuanwuHospital,CapitalMedicalUniversity,Beijing100053,China; 2.DepartmentofCardiology,XuanwuHospital,CapitalMedicalUniversity,Beijing100053,China)

      Objective To observe the influence of different premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) burden on patients’ heart structure and function, and its relevance to the left ventricular geometric pattern. Methods Totally 142 patients with PVCs were retrospectively analyzed. All the patients were divided into 3 groups by the burden of PVCs: the lower burden group (<10%,n=54), the medium burden group (10%-20%,n=55), the higher burden group (>20%,n=33). The difference and correlation between the heart structure, heart function and left ventricular geometric pattern in the 3 groups were analyzed; and the Logistic regression analyses were used to find out the risk factors of left ventricular hypertrophy. Results Compared with the higher burden group, the left atrial diameter(LAD), left ventricular outflow tract(LVOT), left ventricular internal dimension at end-diastole(LVIDD), left ventricular end-diastolic volume, left ventricular myocardial(LVM) mass and left ventricular myocardial mass index(LVMI) in the lower and medium groups were decreased, the LVEF in the lower and medium groups was increased (P<0.05). The PVCs burden was positively correlated with RVOT, LVOT, LVIDD, LVEDV, SV, LVM (P<0.05,); and was negatively correlated with LVEF (P<0.05,). With the increase of PVCs burden, the ratio of left ventricle normal geometry was decreased, and the ratio of eccentric hypertrophy geometry was increased. In a binary Logistic regression analysis, age, hypertension and PVCs burden were the risk factors of left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with PVCs. Conclusion The PVCs burden was closely related to the heart structure of the patients with PVCs. With the increase of PVCs burden, the left ventricular hypertrophy was aggravated gradually, the left ventricular systolic function was decreased, and the ratio of eccentric hypertrophy geometry was increased significantly. For patients with older age, hypertension and a heavy load of PVCs burden, doctors should monitor the cardiac function on early stage, and start the clinical intervention in time.

      premature ventricular contractions; contraction burden; left ventricular function; left ventricular structure

      國(guó)家高技術(shù)研究發(fā)展計(jì)劃(863計(jì)劃)資助項(xiàng)目(2012AA02A516)。 This study was supported by National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(2012AA02A516).

      時(shí)間:2016-12-14 20∶19

      http://www.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.3662.r.20161214.2019.024.html

      10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2016.06.005]

      R 541.7

      2016-10-03)

      *Corresponding author, E-mail:huaqi5371@medmail.com.cn

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