閱讀理解題探究

陳志均

《英語新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》明確指出，“中學(xué)英語教學(xué)的目的，就是要側(cè)重培養(yǎng)閱讀能力”。并指出，“閱讀就是理解和吸收書面信息的能力”。這就要求同學(xué)們?cè)谟⒄Z學(xué)習(xí)中，必須切實(shí)加強(qiáng)閱讀學(xué)習(xí)，提高閱讀的質(zhì)量，從而有效地培養(yǎng)和提高“理解和吸收書面信息的能力”。新課標(biāo)所說的“書面理解信息的能力”含義深刻，在學(xué)習(xí)執(zhí)行新課標(biāo)時(shí)，同學(xué)們應(yīng)對(duì)“理解信息”中的“理解”二字作必要的領(lǐng)悟。

在閱讀理解中，同學(xué)們尤其要注意加強(qiáng)對(duì)文章深層理解和整體理解的培養(yǎng)。

[找關(guān)鍵句或關(guān)鍵段]

閱讀中，找關(guān)鍵句、關(guān)鍵段對(duì)于提高理解能力有著重要的意義。我們對(duì)議論文和說明文常采取演繹方法和歸納法進(jìn)行論述。演繹法是先提出論點(diǎn)，然后列出論據(jù)。同學(xué)們?cè)陂喿x類似文章時(shí)，要特別注意文章的開頭和結(jié)尾，方能迅速抓住要點(diǎn)。同時(shí)也要注意段落的開頭和結(jié)尾。

[列標(biāo)題或選標(biāo)題]

列標(biāo)題或選標(biāo)題，對(duì)于同學(xué)們加強(qiáng)整體理解、深層理解也有著重要的意義。

對(duì)文章缺乏整體、深層的理解，就不可能列出或選出正確標(biāo)題。

[學(xué)會(huì)推理]

要有效地提高閱讀能力，要求同學(xué)們具有理解抽象信息和隱含意思的能力。

要培養(yǎng)這種能力，自然要求對(duì)文章的理解程度要高。沒有整體概念，沒有深入的分析理解，就不可能推理出文章沒有明確說出的意思。

[領(lǐng)悟文中說話人意圖、態(tài)度乃至作者意圖、態(tài)度]

在閱讀中，較好地領(lǐng)悟文章中說話人乃至作者的意圖，態(tài)度，也是同學(xué)們進(jìn)行深層理解，整體理解的一個(gè)重要內(nèi)容。

[擴(kuò)大知識(shí)面、促進(jìn)理解]

閱讀理解的題材廣泛多樣，包括日常生活、人物傳記、社會(huì)、文化、史地、一般科技、政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)等。如果同學(xué)們知識(shí)面太狹窄，特別是對(duì)英美國家的情況了解甚少，必然給閱讀理解帶來困難。為了更好地理解語言文字材料，有必要進(jìn)行廣泛閱讀，要特別注意一些與中學(xué)英語課本有聯(lián)系的背景知識(shí)，通過這些手段，擴(kuò)大知識(shí)面。

例題 Since she was a little girl， Chloe-Jeane Wendell has had a special rapport with animals. But in the two years since her family brought Sunny Boy home to their farm in Vivian， Louisiana， the 16-year-old high school junior has bonded more closely with her palomino quarter horse than anyone expected. Hit， possibly， as a colt years before， Sunny Boy was spooked by almost any human contact. “No one could catch him，” says Chloe-Jeanes dad， Mark， “but my daughter had an immediate calming effect on him that allowed her to saddle him up for a ride.” Sunny Boy and Chloe-Jeane quickly became inseparable. “Hes a sweet guy，” she says affectionately.

At the local Redbud Festival parade in March 2008， the whole Wendell family—Mark and wife Bobbi Jo， Chloe-Jeane， and her younger sister， Kristen， 15—decked themselves out in Western gear and trotted on their horses behind the Vivian sheriffs group. Chloe-Jeane rode Sunny Boy； Kristen was on her filly， Angel. A few blocks into the parade， a 75-pound pit bull shot out of the crowd right at Angel and began to attack her. When Angel kicked back， Kristen jumped off to avoid being thrown. The snarling dog then turned on the girl. Chloe-Jeane dismounted to protect her sister. "We watched in horror，" recalls Mark.

When Chloe-Jeane let go of the reins， Sunny Boy started， as if to run off. But as the pit bull whipped around to pounce on Chloe-Jeane， all 1，200 pounds of Sunny Boy stopped short and jumped between them. He astonished everyone by squaring off and kicking the dog hard in the face. “I was shocked，” says Chloe-Jeane. “Usually， he avoids other animals.”

The stubborn dog kicked around and began tearing cuts in the legs of Marks horse. Animal control officials moved in and finally captured the dog， which was later euthanized （安樂死）.

Chloe-Jeanes friends clustered around her， saying， "Your horse saved you！" Indeed， the behavior was highly unusual. "Ive been around horses all my life and have not seen one take on another animal like that，" says Mark.

That night， Chloe-Jeane visited Sunny Boy out in the pasture. “I gave him treats and told him how thankful I was that he protected me. I think he already knew how I felt.”

Sunny Boy will likely remain a hero， as the Wendells plan to have him participate in an equine-assisted therapy program for troubled youths.

1. How many kids does Mark have？

A. 1 daughters and 2 son

B. 2 daughters

C. 3 daughters and 1 sons

D. 2 sons

2. How many horses did the dog attack？

A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5

3. What kind of horse is Sunny Boy？

A. It is always very active.

B. It is always very offensive.

C. It is always very nervous.

D. It is always very timid.

4. It can be learned from this passage that ________.

A. Jeanes horse was badly injured in the attack

B. Jeanes horse won its fame for its brave behavoir

C. Jeanes horse will have another chance to help other kids

D. Jeanes horse was visited now and then for its behavoir

解析 1. B。從第2段“... Mark and wife Bobbi Jo， Chloe-Jeane， and her younger sister， Kristen， 15—d ...”可知，mark有Jeane和Kristen兩個(gè)女兒，Sunny Boy和Angel是孩子們的馬的名字。

2. A。從第2、3、4段可知，the dog攻擊了Angel 和Mark的馬。

3. D。從第3段“Usually， he avoids other animals.”可知，Sunny Boy平時(shí)總是非常膽小，連跟其他動(dòng)物打個(gè)照面都躲躲閃閃的。

4. C。從最后一段可知，桑尼男孩還會(huì)繼續(xù)成為人們心目中的英雄。因?yàn)闇氐聽栆患掖蛩阕屗麉⒓印靶●R駒當(dāng)醫(yī)生”的活動(dòng)，扮演治療助手的角色，讓生病的孩子們開朗起來，早日恢復(fù)健康。