強(qiáng)調(diào)句易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)剖析

龔磊+周光軍

強(qiáng)調(diào)句是人們?yōu)榱吮磉_(dá)自己的意愿或情感而使用的一種句式。作為高考的重要考點(diǎn)之一，了解強(qiáng)調(diào)句的考查范圍和出題特點(diǎn)，有助于我們?cè)诟呖籍?dāng)中提高得分。

[強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的基本結(jié)構(gòu)]

強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是：it is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who+句子的其他成分。英語(yǔ)中許多句子常常可以通過(guò)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型對(duì)句子的不同成分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)。如：

It is they who/that will have a meeting tomorrow. （強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)）

例1 In recent years， stress 33，， （regard） as a cause of a whole range of medical problems， from high blood pressure to mental illness. But like so many other things， it is only too much stress 34， does you harm. It is time you considered that if there were no stress in your life， you would achieve a little.

解析 that?？疾閺?qiáng)調(diào)句型。強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的最大的特點(diǎn)就是去掉it is＼was ... that＼who句子仍然成立。強(qiáng)調(diào)句型能強(qiáng)調(diào)除謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞以外所有的句子成分。本句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是句子主語(yǔ)only too much stress.

2. It is a meeting that they will have tomorrow.（強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ)）

3. It is tomorrow that they will have a meeting.（強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語(yǔ)）

例2 （2016·天津卷） You are waiting at a wrong place. It is at the hotel ______ the coach picks up tourists.

A. who B. which C. where D. that

解析 D。句意：你在一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤的地方等待。大客車是在旅店接送游客的。這句話強(qiáng)調(diào)的是地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)at the hotel。故選D。

除了強(qiáng)調(diào)句的陳述句，我們還需要掌握強(qiáng)調(diào)句的一般疑問(wèn)句和特殊疑問(wèn)詞的結(jié)構(gòu)，還有強(qiáng)調(diào)句做名詞性從句的語(yǔ)序問(wèn)題。

此外，針對(duì)not ... until ...的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型為it is/was not until ... that ...，如：

It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a film star.

It was not until 1920 that regular radio broadcasts began.

例3 （2015·重慶卷） Bach died in 1750， but ________ was not until the early 19th century that his musical gift was fully recognized.

解析 it。句意：巴赫死于1750年，但是直到19世紀(jì)初他的音樂(lè)天賦才得到完全認(rèn)可。本題考查not ... until ...的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型it was not until ... that ...。

[強(qiáng)調(diào)句的要點(diǎn)]

1.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型可以用來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)（包括介詞賓語(yǔ)）和狀語(yǔ)。其中的it本身沒(méi)有詞義。

2.強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的連接詞一般只用who（指人）或that（可指物，也可指人）。若被強(qiáng)調(diào)的是狀語(yǔ)，也只能用that，而不能用when或者where。而且連接詞不能省略。如：

It was in the park that he met an old friend yesterday.（雖然強(qiáng)調(diào)的是地點(diǎn)，但不能用where。）

3.強(qiáng)調(diào)句子的主語(yǔ)時(shí)，that或who之后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)要與它前面被強(qiáng)調(diào)的名詞或代詞一致。如：

It is Mary and Tom who often do good deeds.

例4 （2014·湖南卷） Its not doing the things we like， but liking the things we have to do that make life happy.

解析 make→makes。句意：不是做我們喜歡的事情，而是去喜歡我們必須做的事情才能讓人生幸福。主語(yǔ)not doing the things we like， but liking the things we have to do是被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分， 應(yīng)看作單數(shù)。

4.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的時(shí)態(tài)常見(jiàn)的有兩種：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)。即it is ... that/who ...和it was ... that/who ...。如：

It was the way he asked that really upset me.

[強(qiáng)調(diào)句的考法]

1.用介詞短語(yǔ)來(lái)作為被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分。如：

It was for this reason that he left that school.

It was in this way that he solved the problem.

2.用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句、條件狀語(yǔ)從句等作為被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分。如：

It was only when I reread his poems that I began to appreciate their beauty.

3.在被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分后接定語(yǔ)從句，使句子結(jié)構(gòu)更加復(fù)雜。如：

It was on July 7th 1975 when he was born that his father died.

例5 Could it be in the restaurant where you had dinner with me yesterday where you lost your handbag？

解析 將第二個(gè)where改為that。that與前邊的could it be共同構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句。本題解題的關(guān)鍵在于搞清楚句子中兩個(gè)where究竟哪一個(gè)引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句。本句的應(yīng)意為：你有可能正是在你昨天和我吃飯的那家館子丟失的手袋嗎？針對(duì)這種從句套從句的情況，同學(xué)們一定要仔細(xì)辨別。

4.通過(guò)句型轉(zhuǎn)換來(lái)進(jìn)行考查。如把肯定句改成一般疑問(wèn)句或特殊疑問(wèn)句，或把肯定句改成否定句或否定疑問(wèn)句。

Was it during the Second World War that he died？ （一般疑問(wèn)句）

When was it that the sports meeting began？ （特殊疑問(wèn)句）

It was not Tom that stole the book. （否定句）

Wasnt it he that had made a mistake？ （否定疑問(wèn)句）

例6 （2014·四川卷） Was it because Jack came late for school ________ Mr. Smith got angry？

解析 that。本題的解題關(guān)鍵在于是否看得出句子是強(qiáng)調(diào)句的一般疑問(wèn)句。在解決這類問(wèn)題時(shí)，可巧用還原法，將句子還原為陳述句，這樣能有效降低難度，快速解題。

5.通過(guò)改變系動(dòng)詞的形式來(lái)進(jìn)行考查。強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的系動(dòng)詞除了用is或was外，還可以在前面加上may/might/must等表示推測(cè)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。如：

It might be him that you met yesterday.

例7 （2016·浙江卷·閱讀理解C） For example， it may only be through repeated experiments， evidence gathering， and finally overturning a theory， that a baby will come to accept the idea that other people can have different views and desires from what he or she has.

解析 句意：例如，它可能只是通過(guò)反復(fù)實(shí)驗(yàn)，收集證據(jù)，并最終推翻一個(gè)理論——一個(gè)嬰兒會(huì)接受其他人可以和他/她有不同的意見(jiàn)和愿望的想法。這句話使用強(qiáng)調(diào)句，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是through repeated experiments， evidence gathering， and finally overturning a theory，這部分比較長(zhǎng)，同學(xué)們可能沒(méi)有注意這個(gè)句式。主干部分中idea后面是同位語(yǔ)從句，from后面還有賓語(yǔ)從句。

[強(qiáng)調(diào)句型與三大從句的辨析]

1. 與主語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別

強(qiáng)調(diào)句型去掉it is/was和that之后，句子結(jié)構(gòu)仍然完整，而主語(yǔ)從句則不能。

Its there that the accidents often happen. （強(qiáng)調(diào)句）

It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. （主語(yǔ)從句）

2. 與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別

強(qiáng)調(diào)句中that沒(méi)有意義，且不做任何成分，而定語(yǔ)從句中that為關(guān)系代詞，在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。

It is novels that Miss Wang enjoys reading. （強(qiáng)調(diào)句）

It is a question that needs careful consideration. （定語(yǔ)從句）

3. 與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別

強(qiáng)調(diào)句型去掉it is/was和that之后，句子結(jié)構(gòu)仍然完整，而it is ... when ...中，it指代時(shí)間。

It was at six oclock that I got up today. （強(qiáng)調(diào)句）

It was six oclock when I got up today. （狀語(yǔ)從句）