浮冰邊緣的探險(xiǎn)之旅
by Terry Ward
翻譯:寒星
六月,正值盛夏,你一定早已汗流浹背了吧?不怕,本期的“世界風(fēng)情館”將會(huì)讓你在此時(shí)此刻沒(méi)有一絲炎熱的感覺(jué)。六月里四周仍是雪白的世界、罕見(jiàn)的北極生物、冰上的圓頂帳篷……在這里,你將會(huì)體驗(yàn)到一種生活在世界邊緣的感覺(jué)。
Track6
In June, I went out to the1)floe edge on a camping trip with Canadian adventure company Black Feather. We departed from Pond lnlet注1, a small2)lnuit3)community on the northern4)tip of Baffin Island, reachable only by a seven-hour flight from Ottawa or Montreal. In its harbor, boats had been5)stuck in the sea ice since the autumn freeze,they’ll only come unstuck when the ice6)thaws again in summer.
While temperatures are relatively7)balmy in June—often right around the freezing mark—it’s important to stay warm when travelling in the wooden Inuit sleds which are pulled across the ice by8)snowmobiles. A thick9)parka with real fur can help cut the wind on your face and10)conserve body heat.
Hunting is an important part of Inuit culture in Arctic Canada, and the Inuit hunt everything from11)caribou and12)seals to polar bears and narwhals注2. Furs and skins from the animals are used for making boots, jackets and parka13)linings to keep warm in the colder months. On the day I was visiting Pond Inlet, a Canadian14)outerwear company was in town to donate15)fabric,16)zippers and other materials for Inuit women to use in their own parkas, mixing modern materials with traditional furs.
What looks like a lake is actually frozen sea ice,17)measuring up to 3m thick, with a few centimeters of18)melt water on top. The 60km snowmobile journey from Pond Inlet to the floe edge took about three hours, with stops along the way to warm up and to take in the wonderful views of the back mountains of Bylot lsland注3, just north of Baffin Island.
Our tents were set up in a straight line along the floe edge, about 50m back from the open ocean,allowing a19)corridor for polar bears to pass through. Tents were equipped with20)air mattresses and warm sleeping bags, and there was a21)communal22)dome tent for meals as well as a small toilet tent.
1) floe [fl?u】 n. 大浮冰,浮冰塊
2) Inuit ['InjuIt】 adj. 因紐特人的
3) community [k?'mju?nItI】 n. 社區(qū),群落
4) tip [tIp】 n. 端
5) stick in 陷進(jìn)……
6) thaw [θ??】 v. 融化
7) balmy ['bɑ?mI】 adj. (氣候)溫和的
8) snowmobile ['sn?um?bi?l】 n. 機(jī)動(dòng)雪橇
9) parka ['pɑ?k?】 n. 派克大衣,風(fēng)雪大衣
10) conserve [k?n's??v】 v. 保藏,保存
11) caribou ['k?rIbu?】 n. 北美馴鹿
12) seal [si?l】 n. 海豹
13) lining ['laInI?】 n. 內(nèi)襯,襯里
14) outerwear ['aut?we?】 n. 外衣,外套
15) fabric ['f?brIk】 n. 布,(毛、絲)織物
16) zipper ['zIp?】 n. 拉鏈
17) measure up to 達(dá)到,符合
18) melt water 融雪水
19) corridor ['k?rId??】 n. 過(guò)道,通道
20) air mattress 氣墊
21) communal ['k?mjun?l】 adj. 公有的
22) dome tent 圓頂帳篷
注1:龐德因萊特(Pond Inlet),加拿大北部的一座小城鎮(zhèn),地處北極圈內(nèi),位于世界第五大島巴芬島的東北岸。其冬天的溫度范圍在-25℃~-30℃,如果刮風(fēng),溫度會(huì)瞬時(shí)降到-60℃甚至更低,而夏天的溫度范圍在5℃~15℃之間。主要居民為因紐特人。
注2:一角鯨,深層潛水動(dòng)物,大多數(shù)集中在加拿大北部和格陵蘭島西部的海灣和水灣。它們會(huì)在海洋各層深度覓食,冬天捕食底棲生物,特別是生活在厚厚冰層下的比目魚(yú),夏天的主要食物是北極鱈魚(yú)、比目魚(yú)和其他魚(yú)類(lèi)。
注3:拜洛特島(Bylot Island),加拿大北部巴芬島以北的一個(gè)島嶼,是世界第71大島嶼、加拿大第17大島嶼。該島有著非常崎嶇的海岸,并且群山內(nèi)部有許多冰川,對(duì)于因紐特人而言是一個(gè)重要的捕獵區(qū)。
“We’d all love to have a fancy camp,” said Polar Sea Adventures’ David Reid. “But we’ve learned from the Inuit, who understand how23)dynamic the ice environment is, to travel simply and24)effectively. You have to be ready to go if it’s time to go,” Reid said. “If it’s 2 am and the ice is starting to go, then we have to go. It’s not a conversation.”
While Nunavut sees sunlight 24 hours a day in June, weather and ice conditions can change quickly. “The purpose for being out here is adventure and a sense of being on the edge of the world,” Reid said. “But you’ve got to be aware of your surroundings 24 hours a day.”
As the ice starts to melt and eventually25)cracks apart, it draws a lot of wildlife. Polar bears will26)stalk on the ice edge, hunting the27)harp seals. Narwhals28)congregate here too, waiting for the ice to break apart so that they can migrate into western waters in search of better hunting grounds for29)Arctic char and30)cod. During my visit, we saw hundreds of these “31)unicorns of the sea.”
Anytime you come out of a shelter or tent, you don’t just start your task, you always scan first. Firing up a snowmobile’s engine is usually enough to32)scare off a bear, the next course of action would be to33)fire a shot in the air or into the snow near the animal.
23) dynamic [daI'n?mIk】 adj. 動(dòng)力的,有活力的
24) effectively [I'fektIvlI】 adv. 有效地
25) crack [kr?k】 v. 破裂
26) stalk [st??k】 v. 偷偷地走,躡手躡腳地接近
27) harp seal 格陵蘭海豹
28) congregate ['k??grIgeIt】 v.(使)聚集,集合
29) Arctic char 北極鮭魚(yú)
30) cod [k?d】 n. 鱈魚(yú)
31) unicorn ['ju?nIk??n】 n. 獨(dú)角獸
32) scare off 嚇跑,嚇退
33) fire ['faI?】 v. 射擊,開(kāi)槍
六月里,我與加拿大的黑羽探險(xiǎn)公司來(lái)到浮冰邊緣展開(kāi)了一次露營(yíng)之旅。我們的出發(fā)地龐德因萊特是一個(gè)位于巴芬島北邊的一個(gè)小因紐特社區(qū),只能在渥太華或蒙特利爾坐七個(gè)小時(shí)的飛機(jī)到達(dá)。在這里的港口,船只從秋風(fēng)起時(shí)到現(xiàn)在便一直被困在海冰中,只能等到夏天冰層再次融化才能解脫。
六月的氣溫相對(duì)溫和—通常在冰點(diǎn)徘徊—乘坐木制的因紐特雪橇出行時(shí)保暖很重要,雪橇?xí)蓹C(jī)動(dòng)雪橇拖拽著在冰上行駛。一件拼接真毛的皮制厚大衣可以幫助減輕迎面的寒風(fēng)、保存體溫。
在加拿大北極地區(qū),狩獵是因紐特文化中一個(gè)重要的組成部分,從北美馴鹿、海豹到北極熊、一角鯨等動(dòng)物,因紐特人無(wú)所不獵。這些獵物的皮毛會(huì)被用來(lái)制作靴子、夾克和皮衣內(nèi)襯,以抵御更寒冷的氣溫。在我游覽龐德因萊特的那天,一家加拿大的外衣公司正在鎮(zhèn)上捐贈(zèng)布料、拉鏈和其他物料給因紐特婦女們?nèi)ブ谱魉麄冏约旱钠ご笠拢齑瞵F(xiàn)代面料和傳統(tǒng)皮毛。
那些看起來(lái)像湖的地方其實(shí)是結(jié)了冰的海,冰層足足有三米厚,表層有幾厘米的融雪水。從龐德因萊特到浮冰邊緣,路程長(zhǎng)達(dá)60公里,乘坐機(jī)動(dòng)雪橇需要約三小時(shí)。沿途有休息站可以讓你暖暖身子,并且一覽巴芬島北部拜洛特島后山的美麗風(fēng)景。
我們的帳篷沿著浮冰邊緣一字排開(kāi),距離公海約有五十米,足夠讓出一條給北極熊通過(guò)的過(guò)道了。帳篷里配有充氣床墊及暖和的睡袋,另外還有一個(gè)供大家用餐的公共圓頂帳篷和一個(gè)用作洗手間的小帳篷。
“我們也希望有一個(gè)闊氣的營(yíng)帳,”極地海洋探險(xiǎn)公司的大衛(wèi)·里德如是說(shuō)。“但我們從因紐特人身上學(xué)習(xí)到了如何從簡(jiǎn)出行、講求效率,他們深知冰上的環(huán)境有多變幻莫測(cè)。該走的時(shí)候你就必須要準(zhǔn)備好離開(kāi),”里德說(shuō)?!叭绻璩?jī)牲c(diǎn)時(shí)冰層開(kāi)始移動(dòng),那么我們就得走。沒(méi)有討價(jià)還價(jià)的余地?!?/p>
六月份的努勒維特一天24小時(shí)都能見(jiàn)到陽(yáng)光,天氣和冰層狀況變化得很快。“來(lái)到這里的目的是為了探險(xiǎn),為了體驗(yàn)一種生活在世界邊緣的感覺(jué),”里德說(shuō)。“但你必須對(duì)周?chē)沫h(huán)境保持24小時(shí)的警覺(jué)?!?/p>
隨著冰層開(kāi)始融化并最終分裂成塊,許多野生動(dòng)物被吸引而至。北極熊會(huì)在冰塊邊上悄悄地追蹤、捕獵格陵蘭海豹。一角鯨也會(huì)在這里聚集,等待著冰層破裂以便遷移到西邊的水域,尋覓更好的捕獲北極鮭和鱈魚(yú)的環(huán)境。在我露營(yíng)期間,我們看到了成百上千的這種“海洋獨(dú)角獸”。
無(wú)論何時(shí),當(dāng)你從一個(gè)有遮擋的地方或帳篷里出來(lái),你都不能直接開(kāi)始做事,而是要先環(huán)顧四周。啟動(dòng)機(jī)動(dòng)雪橇的引擎通常足以嚇跑一只熊,下一個(gè)動(dòng)作就是向空中或是動(dòng)物附近的雪堆里打上一槍。
An Icy Adventure to the Floe Edge