特殊句式之強(qiáng)調(diào)句型

李順發(fā)

在使用英語時(shí)，有時(shí)要突出或強(qiáng)調(diào)某個(gè)詞、詞組或句子，這時(shí)就要用到強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)。

[強(qiáng)調(diào)句基本句型]

強(qiáng)調(diào)句基本句型：“it is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who+其他成分”。be的時(shí)態(tài)：that/who前面be的時(shí)態(tài)一般是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，當(dāng)它后面的句子為過去時(shí)時(shí)，才用過去時(shí)。

判斷方法：將（It is/was） ... （that/who） ...括號(hào)中的詞同時(shí)去掉，看剩下的部分是否仍然成立。若成立，則是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型；若不成立，則為狀語從句、定語從句或主語從句。

如果被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分是表示人的詞，可以用that或who（whom）連接其他成分。如果被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分是表示人以外的詞，例如表示事物、時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)的詞，用that連接其他成分。

It was I that/who saw a film in the Youth Palace last night. （強(qiáng)調(diào)主語）

It was a film that I saw in the Youth Palace last night. （強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語）

It was in the Youth Palace that I saw a film last night. （強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語）

It was last night that I saw a film in the Youth Palace. （強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語）

例1 Its not what we do once in a while

shapes our lives， but what we do consistently.

A. which B. that C. how D. when

解析 B。強(qiáng)調(diào)主語。句意：塑造我們生活的東西不是我們偶爾所做的事情，而是那些我們自始至終所做的事情。

例2 ____ that caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual.

A. It was we being late

B. It was our being late

C. It was we were too late

D. It was because we were late

解析 B。強(qiáng)調(diào)主語our being late，此題若還原成一般陳述句，即為：

Our being late caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual.

注意，強(qiáng)調(diào)句的一個(gè)顯著特點(diǎn)是，若去掉強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu) it is（was） ... that ...，句子仍然成立。換句話說，該結(jié)構(gòu)中的that不能充當(dāng)句子成分。

[not ... until用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句]

在強(qiáng)調(diào)not ... until結(jié)構(gòu)中由until短語（或從句）表示時(shí)間狀語時(shí)，要用固定的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：It is（was） not until ... that ...。注意此時(shí)原句的not ... until要變成not until，that從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞要用肯定式。

My father didnt come home until 12 oclock last night.

It was not until 12 oclock last night that my father came home.

I didnt realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.

It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.

例3 It was not until I came here ____ I realized this place was famous， for not only its beauty but also its weather.

A. who B. that C. where D. before

解析 B。把it was及空去掉，可轉(zhuǎn)換為一個(gè)完整的句子。且這是表示“直到……時(shí)才”的句型之一：it was not until ... that ...。

[its+時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)狀語+that ... 用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句]

比較：its+時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)名詞+where ... （時(shí)間狀語從句、定語從句）。如：

It was in the town that I was born. （in the town為地點(diǎn)狀語，強(qiáng)調(diào)句）

It is the town where I was born. （the town為地點(diǎn)名詞，定語從句）

It was at 8 oclock that he returned. （at 8 oclock時(shí)間狀語，強(qiáng)調(diào)句）

It was 8 oclock when he returned. （8 oclock為時(shí)間名詞，時(shí)間狀語從句）

例4 —Have you seem the film Mermaid Mermaid？

—Of course， I have. It was in our city it was made.

A. that B. where C. when D. which

解析 A。問話人詢問對(duì)方是否看過《美人魚》這部電影，答話人回答說當(dāng)然看過，這部電影是在自己的城市拍攝的。被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是地點(diǎn)狀語in our city。

注意，強(qiáng)調(diào)句型容易和句型it is/was+名詞+that名詞從句混淆。如果把構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句型結(jié)構(gòu)的詞it is （was） ... that（who） ...去掉，被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分歸位后，應(yīng)該能夠形成一個(gè)完整的句子。但后者的it is/was ... that是不可去掉的，否則that前的名詞就找不到位置，原句也不再成立，如下面這個(gè)句子如去掉it is/was ... that就不再完整：

It was the rule of the school that the pupils should wear their school uniforms.

強(qiáng)調(diào)句型還容易跟It is/was+形容詞+that名詞從句這一句型混淆。如：It is clear （obvious，true，possible，certain ...） that ...該句型中it是形式主語，真正的主語是that引導(dǎo)的主語從句，常譯為”清楚、顯然，真的，肯定……”，是主語從句最常見的一種結(jié)構(gòu)。

It is very clear that hes round and tall like a tree.

That hes round and tall like a tree is very clear.

例5 It was just in the room he was born he died.

A. where， which B. that， that

C. where， that D. which， that

解析 A。非強(qiáng)調(diào)句。此句若去掉結(jié)構(gòu)詞，即為Five oclock the fire broke out，句子不完整，但若在five oclock前加上介詞at就完整了，因?yàn)閍t five oclock在這里用作時(shí)間狀語。此題選A：it表示時(shí)間，when the fire broke out為時(shí)間狀語從句。句意：火災(zāi)是5點(diǎn)鐘發(fā)生的嗎？

[助動(dòng)詞do用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句]

對(duì)謂語動(dòng)詞的強(qiáng)調(diào)要借助于助動(dòng)詞do加動(dòng)詞原形，而且do有人稱、時(shí)態(tài)和數(shù)的變化。這種強(qiáng)調(diào)形式主要用于祈使句以及一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)的肯定句中。do可譯成“確實(shí)”“的確”。

If you have a job， do devote yourself to it and finally youll succeed.

To my great joy， the plant did look exactly like what we were looking for.

He does work hard and finish the job in time.

在肯定的祈使句中，用動(dòng)詞do來加強(qiáng)語氣，可譯成“務(wù)必，一定，千萬”。

Do come and see us some day.

Do give her my regards.

例6 It may have been at Christmas John gave Mary a handbag.

A. before B. who C. that D. when

解析 C。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分為at Christmas，其中的動(dòng)詞be采用了may have been這一較為復(fù)雜的形式。