錢琳翰 高 琳 王 莉 殷 榮 王 剛
·短篇論著·
鹵米松乳膏減輕激光治療鮮紅斑痣術(shù)后炎癥反應(yīng)的臨床研究
錢琳翰 高 琳 王 莉 殷 榮 王 剛
目的: 評價外用鹵米松乳膏減輕脈沖染料激光(PDL)治療鮮紅斑痣(PWS)后急性炎癥反應(yīng)的療效。方法: PWS患者40例,隨機分為兩組:試驗組PDL治療后即刻外用鹵米松乳膏;對照組PDL治療后即刻外用凡士林霜。所有受試者均給予單次595 nm PDL治療,參數(shù)為8.0~13.5 J/cm2能量密度,1.5 ms的脈寬,7 mm的光斑。并于術(shù)后3、7及30天進行隨訪。結(jié)果: 試驗組紅斑評分為0.4 ±0.82,對照組為0.9±0.91,結(jié)痂嚴重程度實驗組為1.15±0.77,對照組為1.65±1.22,實驗組與對照組比較差異均有顯著性(P<0.05)。紅斑持續(xù)天數(shù)實驗組(3.7±8.11)天,顯著低于對照組的(7.3±10.49)天(P<0.05)。結(jié)論: 外用鹵米松乳膏可以有效減輕PDL治療鮮紅斑痣的術(shù)后急性炎癥反應(yīng)。
鮮紅斑痣; 脈沖染料激光; 鹵米松
鮮紅斑痣(Port Wine Stain,PWS)是一種先天性人體皮膚真皮層血管叢進行性擴張的血管畸形,其發(fā)生率在新生兒中為千分之三到千分之五,全世界約有三千二百萬人罹患PWS[1]。由于PWS皮損多分布于患者的面部,對患者的心理健康有非常不利的影響,較多研究表明PWS患者常存在缺乏自信、自尊心強和人際關(guān)系不佳等問題[2]。目前PWS發(fā)病機制仍不明確,但已有研究發(fā)現(xiàn)PWS皮損中存在鳥嘌呤結(jié)合蛋白a亞基q(GNAQ)基因的低頻突變,其突變頻率低于5%[3,4]。Tan等人進一步發(fā)現(xiàn)GNAQ基因突變主要存在于PWS血管組織[5],同時c-Jun氨基末端激酶和細胞外信號調(diào)節(jié)激酶在嬰幼兒和成人鮮紅斑痣皮損血管內(nèi)被持續(xù)激活,可能與GNAQ基因突變有關(guān)[6]。
鮮紅斑痣患者皮損會隨著年齡呈進行性發(fā)展:嬰幼兒時期的皮損多表現(xiàn)為扁平的紅色斑疹,隨著年齡的增加逐步轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)樽仙?,中老年時皮損發(fā)展為深紫色并可形成血管性結(jié)節(jié)[7,8]。脈沖染料激光(PDL)是治療鮮紅斑痣的金標準,其基本原理是選擇血紅蛋白特異性吸收波長的激光照射,使血紅蛋白變性封閉血管,從而導(dǎo)致血管內(nèi)皮細胞的損傷壞死,達到清除血管的目的[9-15]。然而PDL治療后可引起一些急性反應(yīng)包括疼痛、紅斑、結(jié)痂、腫脹等?;颊咝g(shù)后不適感明顯,在嬰幼兒中表現(xiàn)尤為突出,因此有效減輕PDL術(shù)后急性反應(yīng)對于嬰幼兒患者很重要[16,17]。鹵米松乳膏是合成的三鹵化糖皮質(zhì)激素,可用于治療慢性尋常型銀屑病樣皮炎,有明確的抗炎作用。本研究中,我們旨在闡明外用鹵米松是否可以減輕PDL術(shù)后引起的急性反應(yīng)。
1.1病例入選標準 本研究方案由西京醫(yī)院審查委員會(IRB)審核并通過。入組患者為2014-2015年我院門診診斷為鮮紅斑痣者共40例,年齡2個月至45歲,其中男27例,女13例,每例患者入組前均由患者本人或直系監(jiān)護人簽署知情同意書。
1.2一般資料 受試者隨機分為兩組,實驗組:PDL+鹵米松乳膏;對照組:單純PDL治療+凡士林霜。所有受試者均給予單次595 nm波長PDL治療(VbeamPERFECTA,Candala,Wayland,MA)。治療參數(shù):脈寬為1.5 ms,能量密度為8~13.5 J/cm2,光斑尺寸為7 mm。
1.3治療方法 實驗組受試者于激光術(shù)后即刻外用鹵米松乳膏(0.05%w/w,光明制藥有限公司,香港),1次/日,只用1日,涂抹厚度約1 mm,面積覆蓋所有治療皮損;對照組則外用凡士林霜作為安慰劑,1次/日,只用1日,涂抹厚度約1 mm,面積覆蓋所有治療皮損。所有患者均于術(shù)后3天、7天、1個月進行隨訪并照相。
1.4臨床療效評價 對PDL治療術(shù)后患者的疼痛、紅斑和結(jié)痂進行評分,記錄腫脹持續(xù)天數(shù)。其中疼痛評分按10分制評估,其余急性反應(yīng)按嚴重程度分為1~4分(1分:無不良反應(yīng);2分:不良反應(yīng)輕;3分:不良反應(yīng)中等;4分:不良反應(yīng)嚴重)。隨訪及評估由兩位皮膚科醫(yī)生獨立完成。
1.5統(tǒng)計學(xué)方法 配對t檢驗進行統(tǒng)計學(xué)分析,P<0.05為有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。
40名受試者均完成了PDL治療及術(shù)后1個月的隨訪評估。1個月后,實驗組術(shù)后紅斑評分為 0.4± 0.82,對照組為 0.9±0.91,二者差異顯著(P= 0.0381)。紅斑持續(xù)天數(shù)實驗組為3.7±8.11,對照組為7.3±10.49,二者存在顯著性差異(P=0.0494)。1個月后,實驗組結(jié)痂程度1.15±0.77顯著性低于對照組1.65±1.22(P=0.0486),但結(jié)痂皮損持續(xù)時間無明顯差異。
PDL術(shù)后患者疼痛及腫脹持續(xù)時間約為1天,實驗組疼痛評分為1.2±0.41,較對照組略低1.4±0.50,無統(tǒng)計學(xué)差異(P=0.0881)。本研究中未觀察到受試者產(chǎn)生色素沉著或色素減退,受試者對鹵米松乳膏耐受性良好,無不良事件報道。見表1,圖1,2。
表1 兩組術(shù)后1個月急性不良反應(yīng)觀察評分表
圖1 a,b,c鹵米松治療組術(shù)前,術(shù)后1周及術(shù)后1個月皮損結(jié)痂程度及術(shù)后紅斑嚴重程度
PDL治療PWS術(shù)后易引起多種急性反應(yīng),如疼痛、紅斑、腫脹、結(jié)痂等,在嬰幼兒中表現(xiàn)的尤為明顯,正如本實驗40例患者中,嬰幼兒患兒(0~3歲)占其中31例(本研究方案由西京醫(yī)院審查委員會(IRB)審核并通過)。這些急性作用多在術(shù)后幾天到1周內(nèi)消失,一般無需進一步處理可自行消退。然而,這些急性反應(yīng)會對有些患者特別是嬰幼兒患者造成短暫的較為嚴重的不適感,甚至可以引起皮損性狀及質(zhì)地的改變,從而影響術(shù)后皮損修復(fù)及進一步治療的療效。因此,如何減輕PDL治療引起的急性反應(yīng)是非常重要的一項課題。鹵米松作為一種強效的糖皮質(zhì)激素,其抗炎效果明顯,甚至比倍他米松治療皮炎類疾病更為有效[18]。因此,在本項研究中我們嘗試闡明局部外用鹵米松可以有效減輕PDL引起的急性反應(yīng)。研究表明多數(shù)患者對外用鹵米松乳膏有較好的耐受性,偶有刺痛和燒灼感的報道,主要是外用時間過長(大于18天)[16,17,19]。本研究旨在證實外用鹵米松乳膏對PDL治療PWS術(shù)后急性反應(yīng)有改善作用,因此,僅于術(shù)后即刻進行單次涂抹,有效避免其藥物本身的不良反應(yīng)。我們的研究結(jié)果表明 PDL治療PWS術(shù)后外用鹵米松乳膏可以顯著減輕皮損的紅斑及結(jié)痂程度、縮短紅斑持續(xù)時間,有效減輕治療所引起的急性反應(yīng),并具有良好的安全性和耐受性。
圖2 a,b,c對照組術(shù)前,術(shù)后1周及術(shù)后1個月皮損結(jié)痂程度及術(shù)后紅斑嚴重程度
綜上所述,我們的結(jié)果表明外用鹵米松乳膏可有效減輕激光治療鮮紅斑痣術(shù)后急性反應(yīng),為預(yù)防PWS病人激光治療術(shù)后嚴重急性反應(yīng)提供了一種安全有效的解決方案。我們認為外用鹵米松乳膏可以成為抗PDL治療PWS術(shù)后急性反應(yīng)的常規(guī)治療措施。
[1]Mulliken JB,Young AR.Vascular birthmarks-hemangiomas and malformations.Philadelphia.JID,1989,92(6):872-872.
[2]Malm M,Carlberg M.Port-wine stain-a surgical and Psychological Problem[J].Annals Plastic Surgery,1988,20(6):512-516.
[3]Shirley MD,Tang H,Gallione CJ,et al.Sturge-Weber syndrome and port-wine stains caused by somatic mutation in GNAQ[J].N Engl J Med,2013,368(21):1971-1979.
[4]Lian CG,Sholl LM,Zakka LR,et al.Novel genetic mutations in a sporadic port-wine stain[J].JAMA Dermatol,2014,150(12):1336-1340.
[5]Tan W,Chernova M,Gao L,et al.Sustained activation of c -Jun N-terminal and extracellular signal-regulated kinases in port-wine stain blood vessels[J].J Am Acad Dermatol,2014,71(5):964-968.
[6]Tan W,Nadora DM,Gao L,et al.The somatic GNAQ mutation(R183Q)is located in port wine stain blood vessels[J]. J Am Acad Dermatol,2016,74(2):380-383.
[7]Lever WF,Schaumburg-Lever G.Histopathology of the Skin[M].7th ed.Philadelphia,PA:J.B.Lippincott Co.1990. 103.
[8]Geronemus RG,Ashinoff R.The medical necessity of evaluation and treatment of port-wine stains[J].J Der Surg Onc,1991,17(1):76-79.
[9]Nelson JS,Milner TE,Anvari B,et al.Dynamic epidermal cooling during pulsed laser treatment of port-wine stain:A new methodology with preliminary clinical evaluation[J]. Arch Dermatol,1995,131(6):695-700.
[10]Nelson JS,Milner TE,Anvari B,et al.Dynamic epidermal cooling in conjunction with laser-induced photothermolysis of Port wine stain blood vessels[J].Lasers Surg Med,1996,19(2):224-229.
[11]Chang CJ,Nelson JS.Cryogen spray cooling and higher fluence pulsed dye laser treatment improve port-wine stain clearance while minimizing epidermal damage[J].Dermatol Surg,1999,25(10):767-772.
[12]Chang CJ,Kelly KM,van Gemert MJC,et al.Comparing the effectiveness of 585-nm vs.595-nm wavelength pulseddye laser treatment of port wine stains in conjunction with cryogen spray cooling[J].Lasers Surg Med,2002,31(5): 352-358.
[13]Chiu CH,Chan HHL,Ho WS,et al.Prospective study of pulsed dye laser in conjunction with cryogen spray cooling for treatment of port wine stains in Chinese patients[J]. Dermatol Surg,2003,29(9):909-915.
[14]Waldorf HA,Alster TS,McMillan K,et al.Effect of dynamic cooling on 585-nm pulsed dye laser treatment of port -wine stain birthmarks[J].Dermatol Surg,1997,23(8): 657-662.
[15]Fiskerstrand EJ,Ryggen K,Norvang LT,et al.Clinical effects of dynamic cooling during pulsed laser treatment of port-wine stains[J].Lasers Med Sci,1997,12(4):320-327.
[16]Galbiati G,Bonfacini V,Candiani F.Halometasone cream by day and halometasone ointment at night for the treatment of patients with chronic psoriasis vulgaris[J].J Int Med Res,1983,11(Suppl 1):31-33.
[17]Yawalkar SJ,Macarol V,Montanari C.An overview of international clinical trials with halometasone cream[J].J Int Med Res,1983,11(Suppl 1):1-7.
[18]Schuppli R,Dressler H,Yawalkar SJ,et al.Comparative clinical trial of a new trihalogenated dermatocorticoid(halometasone)versusbetamethasonedipropionate[J].Z Hautkr,1983,58(4):230-237.
[19]The Execare Working Group.Halometasone 0.05%cream in eczematous dermatoses[J].J Clin Aesthet Dermatol,2013,6(11):39-44.
(收稿:2016-04-09 修回:2016-05-07)
Topical halometasone reduces acute adverse effects induced by Pulsed Dye Laser for the treatment of port wine stain birthmark
QIAN Linhan,GAO Lin,WANG Li,YIN Rong,WANG Gang.
Department of Dermatology,Xijing Hospital,F(xiàn)ourth Military Medical University,Xi'an 710032,China
Corresponding author:WANG Gang,E-mail:xjwgang@fmmu.edu.cn
Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of halometasone in the treatment of erythema induced by Pulsed Dye Laser(PDL)irradiation for port wine stain(PWS).Methods:A total of 40 patients with PWS were enrolled in this study and randomly assigned into two regimens:PDL+Vaseline and PDL+halometasone. All patients were given a single treatment of PDL with a 595 nm wavelength,8.0-13.5 J/cm2,1.5 milliseconds pulse duration and 7mm spot size.The patients in the PDL+halometasone group
topical halometasone for 1 day.and were followed-up at day 3,7 and one month.Results:The erythema scores were 0.4 ±0.82 and 0.9±0.91 in the treatment group and control group respectively.The scab scores were 1.15±0.77 and 1.65±1.22 in the treatment group and control group respectively.The differences between the two groups were statistically significant(P<0.05).The duration of erythema lasted for(3.7±8.11)days and(7.3± 10.49)days in the treatment group and control group,with a significant difference in the two groups(P<0.05).Conclusion:Topical halometasone can significantly reduce acute inflammatory reactions induced by PDL for the treatment of PWS.
Port Wine Stain;Pulsed Dye Laser;halometasone
國家自然科學(xué)基金(編號:81301355)
第四軍醫(yī)大學(xué)西京皮膚醫(yī)院,西安,710032
王剛,E-mail:xjwgang@fmmu.edu.cn