將重慶的心跳傳向歐亞大陸
——渝新歐國(guó)際班列開(kāi)通五周年回望

□ 文/本刊記者 曾睿

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將重慶的心跳傳向歐亞大陸
——渝新歐國(guó)際班列開(kāi)通五周年回望

□ 文/本刊記者 曾睿

2016年1月4日下午，冬日的山城，中共中央總書(shū)記、國(guó)家主席、中央軍委主席習(xí)近平來(lái)到重慶兩江新區(qū)果園港視察，當(dāng)他得知渝新歐國(guó)際班列運(yùn)營(yíng)情況良好，渝新歐國(guó)際鐵路沿線國(guó)家實(shí)現(xiàn)一次報(bào)關(guān)查驗(yàn)、全線放行，他稱贊說(shuō)：“挺好”。

一時(shí)間，“渝新歐”隨著總書(shū)記的稱贊成為海內(nèi)外關(guān)注重慶、乃至關(guān)注中國(guó)內(nèi)陸開(kāi)放的熱點(diǎn)詞匯，它的前世今生都成為關(guān)注重慶和關(guān)注中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的人們視線所聚集的焦點(diǎn)。人們不僅看到了一條連通歐亞、涉及亞歐六國(guó)的快速陸上通道，更看到了以重慶為代表的中國(guó)內(nèi)陸地區(qū)不斷擴(kuò)大開(kāi)放、創(chuàng)新發(fā)展的勃勃生機(jī)。

“渝新歐”是指從重慶出發(fā)到歐洲的國(guó)際鐵路貨運(yùn)專線，經(jīng)新疆阿拉山口口岸，進(jìn)入哈薩克斯坦，再轉(zhuǎn)俄羅斯、白俄羅斯、波蘭，至德國(guó)杜伊斯堡，全程11179公里，是由沿途6個(gè)國(guó)家鐵路、海關(guān)共同協(xié)調(diào)建立的鐵路運(yùn)輸通道。該大通道被外界稱為中國(guó)“第三條歐亞大陸橋”（俗稱“南線”），該班列被稱為“黃金班列”。

“渝新歐”對(duì)重慶的更重要意義還在于，作為“渝新歐”起點(diǎn)的重慶西部物流園與流經(jīng)重慶的長(zhǎng)江黃金水道、重慶機(jī)場(chǎng)共同集合成中國(guó)內(nèi)陸?yīng)氂械木酆蠘屑~、口岸、保稅區(qū)功能的水、鐵、空三個(gè)“三合一”開(kāi)放平臺(tái)，讓重慶這個(gè)內(nèi)陸山城的經(jīng)濟(jì)外向度比肩東部沿海，“走出去”與“發(fā)展外向型經(jīng)濟(jì)”在重慶這個(gè)世界知名的內(nèi)陸城市成為潮流。由此，難以計(jì)數(shù)的人們投身國(guó)際貿(mào)易、跨境電商等這些以前與重慶似乎“有距離”的行業(yè)，這些行業(yè)又涉及了數(shù)以萬(wàn)計(jì)的企業(yè)和數(shù)十萬(wàn)個(gè)就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)，重慶甚至很快誕生了“大龍網(wǎng)”這樣的國(guó)際性跨境電商標(biāo)桿企業(yè)，這反過(guò)來(lái)又帶動(dòng)了更多熱情的重慶人投身其中。重慶人從未感受到與世界的距離如此之近。

值此“渝新歐”國(guó)際聯(lián)運(yùn)大通道成功開(kāi)通五周年之際，本刊特編發(fā)本組稿件，回顧“渝新歐”誕生過(guò)程與五年間的跨越發(fā)展，期待在“十三五”期間，“渝新歐”能夠?yàn)橹貞c的對(duì)外開(kāi)放、重慶的內(nèi)陸開(kāi)放高地建設(shè)、在“一帶一路”和長(zhǎng)江經(jīng)濟(jì)帶建設(shè)中起好推動(dòng)作用作出更大貢獻(xiàn)。

連通歐亞獲總書(shū)記點(diǎn)贊

2016年1月4日至6日，中共中央總書(shū)記、國(guó)家主席、中央軍委主席習(xí)近平調(diào)研渝新歐國(guó)際鐵路起點(diǎn)—重慶。冬日的山城，寒氣中和著絲絲暖意。1月4日下午，習(xí)近平來(lái)到兩江新區(qū)果園港聽(tīng)取長(zhǎng)江上游航運(yùn)中心建設(shè)、現(xiàn)代化港口群布局、鐵路公路水路聯(lián)運(yùn)、渝新歐國(guó)際鐵路開(kāi)行等情況介紹，了解重慶推動(dòng)長(zhǎng)江經(jīng)濟(jì)帶發(fā)展和“一帶一路”建設(shè)、擴(kuò)大內(nèi)陸地區(qū)開(kāi)放開(kāi)發(fā)以及功能區(qū)生態(tài)文明建設(shè)情況。得知渝新歐班列運(yùn)營(yíng)情況良好，渝新歐國(guó)際鐵路沿線國(guó)家實(shí)現(xiàn)一次報(bào)關(guān)查驗(yàn)、全線放行，他贊賞“挺好”。習(xí)近平很高興，要求重慶完善各個(gè)開(kāi)放平臺(tái)，建設(shè)內(nèi)陸國(guó)際物流樞紐和口岸高地，建設(shè)內(nèi)陸開(kāi)放高地。

這已經(jīng)不是連通歐亞大陸的渝新歐第一次得到習(xí)近平總書(shū)記的贊譽(yù)：德國(guó)西部北威州的杜伊斯堡是由渝新歐國(guó)際鐵路聯(lián)運(yùn)大通道的終點(diǎn)，早在2014年3月，習(xí)近平總書(shū)記就曾經(jīng)在這里親自迎接了一列從中國(guó)重慶駛來(lái)的渝新歐貨運(yùn)列車(chē)。德國(guó)媒體當(dāng)時(shí)報(bào)道稱，當(dāng)?shù)貢r(shí)間2014年3月29日下午，習(xí)近平在杜伊斯堡迎接的這列列車(chē)總長(zhǎng)達(dá)750米，從重慶始發(fā)，耗時(shí)16天、駛過(guò)10300公里的路程，途經(jīng)哈薩克斯坦、俄羅斯等國(guó)，最終抵達(dá)杜伊斯堡。當(dāng)時(shí)每周最多，3班渝新歐鐵路列車(chē)要經(jīng)過(guò)這樣的旅程。

在杜伊斯堡，習(xí)近平還表示，中方提出建設(shè)絲綢之路經(jīng)濟(jì)帶倡議，秉承共同發(fā)展、共同繁榮的理念，聯(lián)動(dòng)亞歐兩大市場(chǎng)，賦予古絲綢之路新的時(shí)代內(nèi)涵，造福沿途各國(guó)人民。中德位于絲綢之路經(jīng)濟(jì)帶兩端，是亞歐兩大經(jīng)濟(jì)體和增長(zhǎng)極，也是渝新歐鐵路的起點(diǎn)和終點(diǎn)。兩國(guó)應(yīng)該加強(qiáng)合作，推進(jìn)絲綢之路經(jīng)濟(jì)帶建設(shè)。杜伊斯堡港是世界最大內(nèi)河港和歐洲重要交通物流樞紐，希望它能為促進(jìn)中德、中歐合作發(fā)展發(fā)揮更大作用。

世界五百?gòu)?qiáng)倒逼催生

隨著中國(guó)改革開(kāi)放的不斷深入，具有反常規(guī)、逆向促動(dòng)意味的“倒逼”“倒逼機(jī)制”這樣的詞匯也越來(lái)越多地被人們所熟悉，誰(shuí)能想到，“渝新歐”構(gòu)想的提出，也很有些“倒逼”的味道，而且是被一家世界知名的世界500強(qiáng)企業(yè)倒逼。對(duì)此過(guò)程，重慶市市長(zhǎng)黃奇帆在一次接受記者采訪時(shí)有過(guò)很明確的表述，當(dāng)時(shí)，有記者問(wèn)黃奇帆：“建設(shè)‘渝新歐’大通道的創(chuàng)意，是怎樣產(chǎn)生出來(lái)的？大致經(jīng)過(guò)了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的醞釀？整個(gè)過(guò)程是如何推進(jìn)的？”

黃奇帆回答說(shuō)：將貨物從南線歐亞大陸橋運(yùn)到歐洲，這個(gè)題目是惠普出給我們的。早在2009年，我跟惠普高層就討論過(guò)這個(gè)問(wèn)題。當(dāng)時(shí)惠普將每年5000萬(wàn)臺(tái)電腦的產(chǎn)能，放在上海，3000萬(wàn)臺(tái)打印機(jī)及通信設(shè)備的產(chǎn)能，放在深圳和江浙一帶。

黃奇帆回憶：當(dāng)時(shí)重慶很想吸引惠普這樣的企業(yè)，為此，他本人向惠普高層闡述了三個(gè)概念，第一個(gè)概念，全球筆記本電腦產(chǎn)量將翻番，新增的產(chǎn)量應(yīng)布局在重慶。第二個(gè)概念，重慶承諾吸引零部件廠商到重慶來(lái)。如果3年內(nèi)不能做到80%的零部件在重慶本地生產(chǎn)配套，導(dǎo)致企業(yè)的成本增加，重慶包賠。電腦生產(chǎn)出來(lái)了，要運(yùn)出去，運(yùn)費(fèi)增加了怎么辦？惠普銷(xiāo)往歐美的產(chǎn)品，航空可以解決一部分運(yùn)輸?shù)膯?wèn)題，飛機(jī)從上?；驈闹貞c飛到美國(guó)，成本差不多。另一方面，他想到了重慶有鐵路直通歐洲。但沒(méi)有想到惠普方面卻告訴他，10年前惠普就曾想把貨物通過(guò)南線歐亞大陸橋，從上海運(yùn)到歐洲去，但運(yùn)輸過(guò)程中他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，存在運(yùn)費(fèi)高、時(shí)間長(zhǎng)、貨物不安全等諸多問(wèn)題。總之，這條線行不通。緊接著，黃奇帆馬上向惠普闡述了第三個(gè)概念：（把貨物通過(guò)南線歐大陸橋運(yùn)到歐洲去）這件事情由重慶政府出面協(xié)調(diào)，加以解決。

攝影：劉汪洋

緊接著，重慶方面緊鑼密鼓地找到中國(guó)鐵路及海關(guān)部門(mén)，得到他們的大力支持，把沿線各國(guó)的鐵路、海關(guān)部門(mén)請(qǐng)到重慶來(lái)，開(kāi)會(huì)商議。重慶市政府還專門(mén)在市經(jīng)濟(jì)和信息化委員會(huì)下，設(shè)立了一個(gè)物流協(xié)調(diào)辦公室，負(fù)責(zé)協(xié)調(diào)解決“渝新歐”中出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題。與此同時(shí)，惠普也開(kāi)始從線路的另一端來(lái)進(jìn)行推動(dòng)：2010年8月30日，由德國(guó)鐵路牽頭，在德國(guó)柏林召開(kāi)了歐亞鐵路會(huì)議。重慶首次建立了與辛克、TEL（德鐵和俄鐵的合資企業(yè)）等機(jī)構(gòu)的聯(lián)系。其后，重慶方面又陸續(xù)建立起了與俄羅斯、哈薩克斯坦等國(guó)鐵路公司及沿線國(guó)家政府部門(mén)的聯(lián)系，并形成了“五國(guó)六方聯(lián)席會(huì)議”的多邊磋商機(jī)制。

多國(guó)多邊的國(guó)際磋商，反復(fù)博弈與延宕時(shí)日原屬正常，何況是“五國(guó)六方”。2015年年末，一位全程參與了這一浩大工程的老領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，被問(wèn)到這一過(guò)程時(shí)仍脫口而出：那真是幾天幾夜都說(shuō)不完。一如黃奇帆市長(zhǎng)在接受記者采訪時(shí)所坦言的那樣：“當(dāng)時(shí)，我們對(duì)協(xié)調(diào)這件事，到底有多難，其實(shí)并不清楚?！碑?dāng)年參與其事的重慶方面的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和工作人員們的焦急與壓力，由此可見(jiàn)一斑。

大國(guó)外交推動(dòng)正式開(kāi)通

外交是一個(gè)國(guó)家綜合國(guó)力的延伸，國(guó)家不斷壯大的國(guó)際影響力，又常常能夠直接促進(jìn)國(guó)際間經(jīng)貿(mào)文化合作。渝新歐多邊磋商的順利進(jìn)行和正式開(kāi)通，也正是得到中國(guó)國(guó)家大國(guó)外交的直接推動(dòng)。

當(dāng)磋商的各方都在焦頭爛額焦急異常的時(shí)候，“渝新歐”的前期磋商被中國(guó)在大國(guó)外交國(guó)際舞臺(tái)上的又一次精彩亮相所強(qiáng)力推動(dòng)：應(yīng)時(shí)任俄羅斯聯(lián)邦政府總理普京、時(shí)任塔吉克斯坦共和國(guó)總理阿基洛夫邀請(qǐng)，時(shí)任中國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)院總理溫家寶于2010年11月22日至25日先后對(duì)俄羅斯聯(lián)邦進(jìn)行正式訪問(wèn)并舉行中俄總理第15次定期會(huì)晤、對(duì)塔吉克斯坦共和國(guó)進(jìn)行正式訪問(wèn)并出席在杜尚別舉行的上海合作組織成員國(guó)第九次總理會(huì)議。2010年11月23日，在溫家寶訪問(wèn)俄羅斯期間，中國(guó)、俄羅斯、哈薩克斯坦3國(guó)聯(lián)合簽署了兩項(xiàng)海關(guān)便捷通關(guān)協(xié)議。協(xié)議確定，3國(guó)海關(guān)對(duì)從重慶發(fā)出，通過(guò)新疆阿拉山口，途經(jīng)哈薩克斯坦、俄羅斯的貨物，只進(jìn)行一次海關(guān)檢查，不必重復(fù)關(guān)檢，就可以運(yùn)往荷蘭、德國(guó)。

雖然早在2010年10月，重慶市政府就與鐵道部進(jìn)行了“渝新歐”五定班列國(guó)內(nèi)段試運(yùn)行，這次測(cè)試證實(shí)了國(guó)內(nèi)段線路通行的連續(xù)性，滿載了40車(chē)皮2800噸貨物的列車(chē)不停不靠，從重慶火車(chē)西站徑直開(kāi)到了阿拉山口。但由于多國(guó)多邊磋商漫長(zhǎng)復(fù)雜，在那之后就一直沒(méi)有更進(jìn)一步的成果。就在兩項(xiàng)海關(guān)便捷通關(guān)協(xié)議的簽署后不久的2011年1月28日，“渝新歐”進(jìn)行了第二次測(cè)試，將重慶力帆的摩托車(chē)配件，及少量惠普和宏碁的電子產(chǎn)品，運(yùn)到了俄羅斯。與國(guó)內(nèi)測(cè)試不同，這次測(cè)試有兩條線路：第一線路為“重慶—烏魯木齊—阿拉山口—十月城—依列茨克—莫斯科”，全程8129公里，預(yù)計(jì)運(yùn)行11天；第二線路為“重慶—烏魯木齊—阿拉山口—十月城—阿斯特拉罕—切爾克斯克”，全程8340公里，預(yù)計(jì)運(yùn)行11天。這次測(cè)試面臨的最大困難是氣溫，因?yàn)樵囘\(yùn)行特意挑選了最寒冷的日子，專列上安裝了重慶自主研發(fā)的測(cè)試儀器，測(cè)試運(yùn)輸過(guò)程中電子產(chǎn)品、儀表設(shè)備等在高寒狀態(tài)下的適應(yīng)能力。

在兩次試運(yùn)行的基礎(chǔ)上，“渝新歐”國(guó)際鐵路聯(lián)運(yùn)班列終于在2011年3月19日實(shí)現(xiàn)首次全程運(yùn)行，列車(chē)載著惠普在重慶生產(chǎn)的電子產(chǎn)品，從重慶團(tuán)結(jié)村始發(fā)，至阿拉山口后，經(jīng)過(guò)哈薩克斯坦、俄羅斯、白俄羅斯、波蘭，開(kāi)行16天，順利抵達(dá)德國(guó)的杜伊斯堡，圓滿地實(shí)現(xiàn)了“渝新歐”國(guó)際鐵路大通道的全線開(kāi)行。

西部物流園遠(yuǎn)景 攝影：劉汪洋

“鐵海同價(jià)”成為“三個(gè)三合一”重要一極

要成為一條名副其實(shí)的連通亞洲和歐洲兩個(gè)大陸的運(yùn)輸“大動(dòng)脈”與“主動(dòng)脈”、中歐鐵路的主通道，運(yùn)輸費(fèi)用與運(yùn)行時(shí)間等經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)無(wú)疑是各界關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。據(jù)專家測(cè)算，“渝新歐”給各國(guó)貨主“最佳印象”應(yīng)當(dāng)是“相對(duì)于空運(yùn)，‘渝新歐’班列價(jià)格更便宜；相對(duì)于海運(yùn)，運(yùn)輸時(shí)間更短但運(yùn)價(jià)卻相差無(wú)幾”。要達(dá)到這一“最佳印象”，渝新歐最理想的箱公里運(yùn)輸價(jià)格（每個(gè)集裝箱每公里的運(yùn)價(jià)）應(yīng)該在0.6～0.5美元，即與海運(yùn)運(yùn)輸價(jià)格基本持平，達(dá)到“鐵海同價(jià)”。而在“渝新歐”開(kāi)行之初，這一數(shù)字高達(dá)1美元。

增加回程貨物、達(dá)到雙向平衡降低成本是降低運(yùn)價(jià)的重中之重。2013年3月18日，“渝新歐”首趟回程班列抵達(dá)重慶團(tuán)結(jié)村中心站，開(kāi)創(chuàng)了歐洲貨物由鐵路經(jīng)阿拉山口入境中國(guó)的先河，實(shí)現(xiàn)回程“零突破”；2014年度，“渝新歐”回程班列成功開(kāi)行22班；而到了2015年，“渝新歐”全年開(kāi)行班列257班中回程已達(dá)101班，回程平均2班/周，高峰時(shí)期5班/周，是所有中歐班列里開(kāi)行頻率最高、雙向開(kāi)行頻率最穩(wěn)定的。按照最新公布的信息，“渝新歐”班列2016年預(yù)計(jì)總開(kāi)行量將突破300班，回程班列也將在2015年101班的基礎(chǔ)上有進(jìn)一步的突破。

與此同時(shí)，通過(guò)與沿線各國(guó)海關(guān)已建立“一卡通”通行模式，優(yōu)化路線、提高運(yùn)速，全程運(yùn)行時(shí)間已由16天縮短至13天，比從長(zhǎng)江水運(yùn)至上海再海運(yùn)至歐洲節(jié)約30天以上。

貨源結(jié)構(gòu)也在這一過(guò)程中不斷調(diào)整，突破創(chuàng)新：據(jù)日前公布的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)顯示，2015年“渝新歐”承運(yùn)的商品中，IT產(chǎn)品和非IT產(chǎn)品各占50%。其中，去程貨源包括筆電、服裝、日用品、咖啡豆等多個(gè)品類(lèi)，回程貨源包括汽車(chē)整車(chē)及零部件、化妝品、啤酒、母嬰用品等。精密儀表儀器、化工原料、冷鏈?zhǔn)称返?，也開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)在“渝新歐”運(yùn)輸商品名錄上，甚至還開(kāi)通過(guò)后谷咖啡專列、跨境電商貨物。此前頗有些“高大上”的“渝新歐”迅速和山城市民親近了起來(lái)。

正是在“渝新歐”不斷提檔升級(jí)的過(guò)程中，各國(guó)貨主最為關(guān)注的“渝新歐”的箱公里運(yùn)輸價(jià)格，成功地在2015年4月降至0.55美元左右，全面實(shí)現(xiàn)運(yùn)輸價(jià)格與同期海運(yùn)價(jià)格基本持平?！伴_(kāi)行頻率高、運(yùn)行速度快、輻射能力強(qiáng)、通關(guān)便捷高效、良好的服務(wù)品質(zhì)”已成“渝新歐”的優(yōu)勢(shì)品牌。據(jù)不完全統(tǒng)計(jì)，目前國(guó)內(nèi)中歐班列有21條線路，國(guó)內(nèi)開(kāi)行城市已達(dá)12個(gè)，截至2015年10月底，這些班列已開(kāi)行1058趟，直通歐洲12個(gè)國(guó)家的相關(guān)城市。重慶市經(jīng)信委2016年1月對(duì)外發(fā)布的消息稱：從2011年開(kāi)通到2015年底，渝新歐共開(kāi)行490班，運(yùn)輸41698箱貨物，班列數(shù)在中歐班列中占比45%，貨值約100億美元，占比80%。班列數(shù)量、運(yùn)行速度、貨值和貨量均居中歐班列首位。

更為重要的是，過(guò)去幾年，重慶依托渝新歐先后獲得了國(guó)家鐵路一類(lèi)口岸、優(yōu)惠運(yùn)價(jià)以及運(yùn)輸國(guó)際郵包等一系列政策支持，形成了三個(gè)“三合一”開(kāi)放平臺(tái)。同時(shí)，重慶加快推進(jìn)了汽車(chē)整車(chē)口岸建設(shè)。重慶在中國(guó)西部?jī)?nèi)陸地區(qū)率先獲得了整車(chē)口岸資質(zhì)。2014年8月起，已經(jīng)陸續(xù)進(jìn)口整車(chē)372輛，歐洲八大主流汽車(chē)品牌已引進(jìn)了5個(gè)。這對(duì)于重慶內(nèi)陸開(kāi)放高地建設(shè)的重要性不言而喻。

展望：將重慶的心跳傳向歐亞大陸

有數(shù)據(jù)顯示，目前長(zhǎng)江沿線地區(qū)發(fā)運(yùn)量占“渝新歐”外地發(fā)運(yùn)量的40%左右?！坝逍職W”貨運(yùn)班列開(kāi)通，讓重慶正在成為長(zhǎng)江上游地區(qū)綜合交通樞紐和國(guó)際貿(mào)易大通道的起點(diǎn)城市。“渝新歐”也已逐漸從僅服務(wù)重慶產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整，上升為服務(wù)西南、長(zhǎng)三角、珠三角地區(qū)的中歐貿(mào)易大通道?！坝逍職W”已經(jīng)不再僅僅屬于重慶。而與這一轉(zhuǎn)變同期提升的，則是重慶經(jīng)濟(jì)外向度接近百分之五十，重慶不沿邊不靠海，卻悄然間從內(nèi)陸腹地站上了開(kāi)放高地，比肩東部沿海地區(qū)。

在“十二五”時(shí)期，重慶抓住經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化機(jī)遇構(gòu)建的以“渝新歐”國(guó)際班列為代表的大通道、大通關(guān)、大平臺(tái)體系基本成型，重慶建立起了航空、鐵路、內(nèi)河港三個(gè)交通樞紐、三個(gè)國(guó)家開(kāi)放口岸、三個(gè)保稅監(jiān)管區(qū)“三個(gè)三合一”的開(kāi)放要件，特別是在“一帶一路”和長(zhǎng)江經(jīng)濟(jì)帶國(guó)家戰(zhàn)略提出后，重慶作為中國(guó)內(nèi)陸開(kāi)放高地已成為廣泛共識(shí)，截至“十二五”末，渝新歐鐵路累計(jì)開(kāi)行490班，貨物種類(lèi)和輻射范圍持續(xù)拓展，成為中歐陸上貿(mào)易主通道。對(duì)于重慶而言，“渝新歐”徹底改變了重慶內(nèi)向型經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)，對(duì)于重慶發(fā)展世界性產(chǎn)業(yè)集群、成為內(nèi)陸地區(qū)的開(kāi)放高地功不可沒(méi)。有人很形象地稱之為：將重慶的心跳傳向歐亞大陸。

重慶市經(jīng)濟(jì)和信息化委員會(huì)主任郭堅(jiān)在接受媒體采訪時(shí)曾公開(kāi)表示，“渝新歐”國(guó)際班列的成功之處在于：首先是體制上的問(wèn)題，四國(guó)五方合資成立了渝新歐公司，這是體制上的突破；第二個(gè)是基礎(chǔ)貨量，搞得好不好要市場(chǎng)說(shuō)了算，重慶有電子和汽車(chē)兩大支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)做保證，如果沒(méi)有那么大的貨量和價(jià)值量，這條通道的效率和價(jià)值就體現(xiàn)不出來(lái)；還有就是和重慶的地理位置有關(guān)，集聚輻射周邊的能力強(qiáng)。

記者注意到，在2016年1月重慶兩會(huì)上通過(guò)的《重慶市國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展第十三個(gè)五年規(guī)劃綱要》中，對(duì)于重慶進(jìn)一步的對(duì)外開(kāi)放和“渝新歐”的建設(shè)發(fā)展有著如下的敘述：

積極融入國(guó)家“一帶一路”和長(zhǎng)江經(jīng)濟(jì)帶等對(duì)外開(kāi)放和區(qū)域發(fā)展重大戰(zhàn)略，充分利用國(guó)際國(guó)內(nèi)兩個(gè)市場(chǎng)、兩種資源，對(duì)外開(kāi)放廣度深度進(jìn)一步拓展，構(gòu)建起大通道、大通關(guān)、大平臺(tái)開(kāi)放體系，形成內(nèi)陸地區(qū)獨(dú)有的“三個(gè)三合一”開(kāi)發(fā)那個(gè)平臺(tái)，“渝新歐”國(guó)際聯(lián)運(yùn)大通道成為中歐陸上貿(mào)易主通道……

“十三五”期間，將提升和完善“渝新歐”國(guó)際聯(lián)運(yùn)大通道功能，提高利用效率，增加開(kāi)行密度，打造內(nèi)陸地區(qū)連接絲綢之路經(jīng)濟(jì)帶的國(guó)際貿(mào)易主通道。完善班列運(yùn)行機(jī)制，提升物流信息化水平，優(yōu)化通關(guān)便利化措施，布局完善境內(nèi)外分撥點(diǎn)和倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)中心，強(qiáng)化長(zhǎng)江經(jīng)濟(jì)帶周邊地區(qū)、華南地區(qū)以及沿線國(guó)家和地區(qū)貨物組織，積極拓展跨國(guó)郵包運(yùn)輸和旅游貿(mào)易通道，全面增強(qiáng)國(guó)際物流集散功能，塑造國(guó)際物流品牌。充分利用渝新歐國(guó)際聯(lián)運(yùn)大通道，促進(jìn)國(guó)際產(chǎn)能合作，推進(jìn)總部貿(mào)易和轉(zhuǎn)口貿(mào)易發(fā)展，培育跨境電商等新興產(chǎn)業(yè)，努力搶占內(nèi)陸開(kāi)放制高點(diǎn)……

祝愿渝新歐國(guó)際班列在未來(lái)的日子里，不僅繼續(xù)成為重慶對(duì)外開(kāi)放的名片，持續(xù)不斷地將重慶乃至整個(gè)中國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)心跳傳向歐亞大陸與世界各地，為重慶乃至整個(gè)中國(guó)內(nèi)陸地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)的轉(zhuǎn)型升級(jí)、國(guó)家“一帶一路”和長(zhǎng)江經(jīng)濟(jì)帶兩大戰(zhàn)略的成功實(shí)施發(fā)揮出更大的作用！

觀點(diǎn)

重慶市經(jīng)濟(jì)與信息化委員會(huì)主任郭堅(jiān)

2016年要進(jìn)一步增強(qiáng)渝新歐國(guó)際班列的輻射集聚能力，要把重慶周邊的貨物集聚在重慶，通過(guò)“渝新歐”去歐洲，并且在沿線的國(guó)家建分撥點(diǎn)，把運(yùn)過(guò)去的貨物向周邊國(guó)家分撥，同時(shí)，更要從那邊爭(zhēng)取更多的返程貨物運(yùn)過(guò)來(lái)，這是一個(gè)大的戰(zhàn)略，是不會(huì)變的。只有這樣才能進(jìn)一步降低運(yùn)營(yíng)成本、縮短運(yùn)營(yíng)時(shí)間、提高運(yùn)行質(zhì)量，更好地服務(wù)國(guó)家“一帶一路”和長(zhǎng)江經(jīng)濟(jì)帶戰(zhàn)略，將渝新歐國(guó)際班列與設(shè)立在重慶的中國(guó)新加坡第三個(gè)政府間合作項(xiàng)目考慮，甚至與未來(lái)“泛亞鐵路”聯(lián)系考慮，都是完全有可能的。對(duì)于“渝新歐”下一步的發(fā)展，本著創(chuàng)新性的工作方式，不要人為設(shè)置條條框框，只要是以企業(yè)為主體，由市場(chǎng)配置資源，“凡事皆有可能”！

市委統(tǒng)戰(zhàn)部副部長(zhǎng)、市工商聯(lián)（總商會(huì)）黨組書(shū)記蔣平

直轄以來(lái)，重慶民營(yíng)經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)保持快速發(fā)展勢(shì)頭,為全市經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展作出了重要貢獻(xiàn)。重慶企業(yè)歷來(lái)有“走出去”的傳統(tǒng)，隨著重慶內(nèi)陸開(kāi)放高地建設(shè)的加速推進(jìn)，越來(lái)越多的重慶企業(yè)和重慶人走出國(guó)門(mén)，參與國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。截至2015年上半年，重慶累計(jì)對(duì)外投資企業(yè)達(dá)到298家，這其中重慶的民營(yíng)企業(yè)占了很大的比例，“一帶一路”和長(zhǎng)江經(jīng)濟(jì)帶戰(zhàn)略公布、“三個(gè)三合一”口岸成型這些信息更令重慶民營(yíng)企業(yè)“走出去”的熱情高漲。隨著“渝新歐”回程貨物數(shù)量和種類(lèi)的不斷豐富，在跨境電商這樣的現(xiàn)代服務(wù)業(yè)里面，占主要比例的全部都是民營(yíng)經(jīng)濟(jì)。我們?cè)缫呀?jīng)關(guān)注到這些現(xiàn)象，2016年，我們將進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)對(duì)“一帶一路”沿線國(guó)家以及“渝新歐”沿線國(guó)家商務(wù)信息和商業(yè)環(huán)境的了解與整合，更好地為希望參與其中的民營(yíng)企業(yè)服務(wù)。

渝新歐物流公司總經(jīng)理漆丹

從2016年1月1日起，渝新歐物流公司將作為渝新歐鐵路唯一的貨源組織平臺(tái)，“渝新歐”的運(yùn)營(yíng)管理將更高效，有助于“渝新歐”輻射范圍擴(kuò)大，班次也將增多，預(yù)計(jì)2016年開(kāi)行量在350班以上，全年幾乎天天有班列。同時(shí)，重慶正成為國(guó)內(nèi)部分省市的貨運(yùn)集散地。今年要做到300班以上，爭(zhēng)取天天班。把重慶真正帶動(dòng)起來(lái)，“渝新歐”不僅僅是“一帶一路”上的先行者，要讓它領(lǐng)航者、領(lǐng)軍者的地位更加牢固。

重慶國(guó)際戰(zhàn)略研究院秘書(shū)長(zhǎng)楊柏

渝新歐國(guó)際班列無(wú)疑是國(guó)家層面的亞歐互聯(lián)互通戰(zhàn)略的具體體現(xiàn)，對(duì)于亞歐經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化溝通交往都有很重要的意義。眾所周知，習(xí)近平主席在談到亞歐互聯(lián)互通時(shí)，用“五通”共建“絲綢之路經(jīng)濟(jì)帶”倡議其中的政策溝通、道路聯(lián)通、貿(mào)易暢通、貨幣流通、民心相通中，最重要的是“民心相通”，他認(rèn)為“民心相通”是前面4個(gè)“通”的基礎(chǔ)，“民心相通”就是“人心相通”，能夠最大程度地避免產(chǎn)生誤解，是真正互聯(lián)互通的保障。我認(rèn)為，已經(jīng)成功開(kāi)通并運(yùn)行了5年之久的“渝新歐”在建設(shè)和經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)上無(wú)疑已經(jīng)取得了巨大成就，下一步還可以在促進(jìn)亞歐，特別是促進(jìn)中國(guó)內(nèi)陸地區(qū)與中亞和中東歐地區(qū)交流上發(fā)揮特殊作用。

重慶市沙坪壩區(qū)發(fā)展與改革委員會(huì)主任代建紅

作為“渝新歐”起點(diǎn)所在地的沙坪壩區(qū)，將不斷優(yōu)化提升口岸功能，依托渝新歐中歐陸上大通道發(fā)展“臨鐵經(jīng)濟(jì)”、打造“臨鐵經(jīng)濟(jì)帶”，拓展完善現(xiàn)有口岸功能。結(jié)合沙坪壩區(qū)自身產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展需求及“渝新歐”大通道沿線國(guó)家的進(jìn)出口貨源需求，在原有鐵路口岸、汽車(chē)整車(chē)進(jìn)口等口岸功能的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步向國(guó)家積極爭(zhēng)取拓展進(jìn)境植物種苗、原木、食品、藥品及肉類(lèi)、廢雜銅、醫(yī)療設(shè)備指定口岸等功能，不斷豐富口岸多元化內(nèi)涵，為區(qū)內(nèi)進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易搭建良好發(fā)展平臺(tái)，有效解決“渝新歐”回程貨物不足問(wèn)題；大力推進(jìn)國(guó)際郵件互換中心項(xiàng)目，爭(zhēng)取設(shè)立歐洲商品展示交易中心和大宗商品期貨交割庫(kù)，不斷拓展口岸延伸經(jīng)濟(jì)，力爭(zhēng)打造內(nèi)陸地區(qū)核心離境口岸。

大事紀(jì)（根據(jù)公開(kāi)新聞報(bào)道收集整理）

大事紀(jì)（根據(jù)公開(kāi)新聞報(bào)道收集整理）

In the afternoon of January 4th, 2016, Xi Jinping, the General Secretary of the Communist Party of China, State President, and the President of Central Military Commission came to the Liangjiang New District of Chongqing to inspect Orchard Port. When he heard about that the Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe international trains are in good state of operation, and the countries along the railway have achieved one-time customs inspection, smooth in the all line, he said happily: “ very good.”

Suddenly, with the compliment of President Xi Jinping,“Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe” has become a hot word that appeal to the attention of home and abroad to Chongqing, even the opening of inland China. This word has always been becoming the focus for people who pay attention to Chongqing and China’s economic development since it comes into being. From this railway, people can not only see a rapid land passage that connects Asia with Europe, involving 6 countries in Asia and Europe, but also see the thriving vitality of inland China, representing by Chongqing in terms of opening up and innovative development.

“Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe” refers to an international railway transportation line that starts from Chongqing to Europe, passing by the port of Alataw Pass of Xinjiang, entering into Kazakhstan, then to Russia, The Republic of Belarus, Poland and to Duisburg of Germany, with the whole length of 11179 kilometers; and this railway line is a railway transportation channel that is established cooperatively by national railways and custom houses of 6 countries along the railway. This railway line is called China’s “The third Eurasia Land Bridge” (also called “Southern Line”), and this train is known as “Golden Train”.

As the origin of Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe, the logistics park of Chongqing’s western absorption band, together with golden waterway of Yangtze River that flows through Chongqing, and Chongqing’s airport form an opening platform with the functions of aggregation hub, port and bonded area that integrating water, iron with air, which is unique in inland China and keeps the economic extroversion of Chongqing, the mountain city in inland China abreast with the eastern coastal area. Then “going out” and “developing export-oriented economy” have become the trend in Chongqing, the famous inland city. A number of people engage in some business industries that are seemed impossible in Chongqing before, such as, international trade, cross-border E-commerce and so on, and all of these industries promote the appearance of numerous enterprises and bring hundreds of thousands of job opportunities.

Some benchmarking e n t e r p r i s e s, s u c h a s“DinoDirect”, the international cross-border E-commerce have appeared in Chongqing, which in return encourages more enthusiastic Chongqing people to engage in these industries.Chongqing people never feel that they are so close to the world before.

On the occasion of the 5th anniversary of the successful opening of “Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe” international train, the magazine edits and writes these articles to retrospect the birth and fi ve-year spanning development of “Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe” to expect more contribution that “Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe” can bring to Chongqing, in terms of opening up, the inland construction and the construction of “One Belt and One Road” and Yangtze River Economic Zone during the period of “the 13th Five-Year Plan”.

President Praises the Connection between Asia and Europe

From January 4 to January 6 of 2016, Xi Jinping, the General Secretary of the Communist Party of China, State President, the President of Central Military Commission investigate and survey the start point of Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe international railway——Chongqing. The mountain city in winter can bring people warm feeling in the cold air. In the afternoon of January 4, Xi Jinping came to the Orchard Port of Liangjiang New District to listen to the presentation of the construction of the shipping center of the upper reachesof Yangtze River, the layout of modern port group, the through traffi c of railway, highway and waterway, the running of “Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe” international railway, and to know about the corresponding information, such as, Chongqing’s booming to the development of Yangtze River Economic Zone, the construction of “One Belt and One Road”, the opening and development of inland areas and the ecological civilization construction of functional zones. When Presedent Xi Jinping heard about that the“Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe” international trains are in good state of operation, and the countries along the railway have achieved one-time customs inspection, smooth in the all line, he said happily:“ very good.” Xi Jinping requested that Chongqing should make it’s every platform for opening up perfect in order to construct inland international logistics hub and port and inland highland for opening up.

This is not the first time for Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe that connects Europe with Asia to obtain the compliment of President Xi Jinping. Duisburg in the western Germany Westfalen is the terminal point of “Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe” international railway. Early in March, 2014, President Xi Jinping came here to welcome the “Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe”freight train that started from China’s Chongqing in person. The Germany newspapers reported that in the afternoon of March 29, 2014, Xi Jinping welcomed the 750-meter long train that started from Chongqing, spent 16 days, drove 10300 meters, past through Kazakhstan, Russia and other countries, and fi nally arrived in Duisburg. At that time, at most 3 “Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe”freight trains would experience such kind of journey at every week.

In Duisburg, Xi Jinping also expressed that China has proposed the initiative of Silk Road Economic Belt under the concept of mutual development and mutual prosperity, in order to connect Asia with Europe, the two big markets, to endow the ancient silk road with new age meaning, and thus to bring happiness to the people along the road. China and Germany are located at the two ends of the Silk Road Economic Belt, and they are two big economic entities and growth poles of Asia and Europe, also are the start point and terminal point of “Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe”international railway respectively. So, the two countries should strengthen cooperation, and boost the construction of Silk Road Economic Belt. Duisburg harbor is the biggest inland port in the world and the important transportation logistics hub in Europe, so we hope it would exert more effects to promote the cooperative development between China and Germany, China and Europe.

Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe Came into being under the Forcing of Top 500 Enterprises

With the continuous deepening of China’s reform and opening up, the words, such as “forcing”, “forcing mechanisms” that have the meaning of unconventional and reverse promotion are more familiar to people. Nobody has ever thought that the initiative of Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe has something with “forcing”, and it was forced by one of the well-known top 500 enterprises in the world. As for the process, Huang Qifan, the mayor of Chongqing, expressed explicitly once in a press interview, and at that time, some journalists asked Huang Qifan: “How did the initiative to construct ‘Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe’ international railway come into being? How long did it take to be planned? What did you do to promote the initiative? ”

Huang Qifan answered: the problem that transporting goods to Europe through Eurasia Land Bridge in the Southern front was given by HP. Early in the 2009, I have discussed this problem with senior management of HP. At that time, HP put their capacity of 50 million computers’ turnout annually in Shanghai, and 30 million printers and communication devices in Shenzhen, Jiangsu and Zhejiang.

Huang Qifan recalled that Chongqing really wanted to attract some enterprises, like HP at that time, so, he expounded three ideas to the senior managements of HP, and the first idea was that the turnout of notebook computers in the world would be doubled, and the newly increased turnout should be laid out in Chongqing; the second idea was that Chongqing would promise to attract manufacturers of parts coming here, and if Chongqing couldn’t achieve the goal that 80%’s parts being produced and matched in Chongqing in 3 years, Chongqing would compensate the increasing costs led by this. When computers were produced, then they should be transported out, but what if the freight increased? The problem of transportation of the products that HP sold to Europe and America can partially solved by aviation. The costs from Shanghai to America by airplanes were the same as from Chongqing to America. On the other hand, he thought of that Chongqing has railways that can reach Europe directly. But he never thought that HP would tell him that 10 years before HP wanted to transport their goods from Shanghai to Europe through Eurasia Land Bridge, but during the process of transporting, they found there were many problems, such as, high costs, spending long time, goods being unsafe and so on. In a word, this didn’t work. Later on, Huang Qifan expounded his third idea to HP right away, that was, the matter of transporting the goods to Europe through Eurasia Land Bridge would be coordinated and solved by Chongqing’s government.

Later on, Chongqing found China’s railway and custom house right away and got great support from these departments, inviting the departments of railways and customs of those countries along the route to Chongqing tohave a meeting and discussion. The municipal government of Chongqing also set up a special office for coordinating logistics affiliated to committee of market economy and information to coordinately solve corresponding problems occurring in “Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe”. At the same time, HP also started from the other side to promote this initiative. And on August 30, 2010, leading by German railway, meeting about Eurasia railway was convoked in Berlin, Germany. Chongqing also established connection with Schenker, TEL (the joint venture enterprises of German railway and Russian railway) for the fi rst time. Thereafter, Chongqing established connections with the railway companies of Russia, Kazakhstan and so on and the government sectors of the countries along the route, forming multilateral consultation mechanism of “joint conference of fi ve countries and six parties”.

The international consultation involved many countries and many sides, the repeat comparison, and the delayed time were normal, let alone “five countries and six parties”. In the end of 2015, an old leader who were engaging in the huge project from beginning to end, when being asked the process, he said that it’s a long story and even several days don’t enough for him to tell people all things. And just as what Huang Qifan said in the interview: “at that time, we didn’t know for sure how difficult it would be to deal with this problem.”From this, people can know about the anxiety and huge pressure that the leaders and staffs of Chongqing who were engaging in this were confronted with.

Great-power Diplomacy Booming the Opening of the Route

Diplomacy is the extension of a country’s comprehensive national strength, and in return, the stronger international influence of a country can directly promote the cooperation of economy and trade and culture among countries. The successful preceding and opening of multilateral consultation of Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe was credited to the direct promotion of great-power diplomacy of China.

When the every party of consultation was anxious and worried, the earlier-stage consultation of “Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe” was greatly promoted by China’s great-power diplomacy on the international stage. At the invitation of Putin, the prime minister of Russia, and Akilov, the prime minister of the Republic of Tajikistan, Wen Jiabao, the prime minister of China at that time had offi cial visit to Russia and had the 15th regular meeting with prime minister of Russia, then had official visit to Tajikistan and presented at the 9th meeting of SCO member state for prime minister in Duschanbe from November 22 to 25, 2010. On November 23, during the time of Wen Jiabao visiting Russia, the three countries, namely, China, Russia and Kazakhstan signed two agreements for going out and entering customs conveniently. According to the agreements, the customs of these three countries only has one-time check and no repeat security check for the goods that start from Chongqing, pass through Xinjiang’s Alataw Pass, Kazakhstan and Russia, and those goods can directly transport to Holland and Germany.

Early in October of 2010, although the municipal government of Chongqing already cooperated with Ministry of Railways to have a test run in terms of 5 trains of“Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe” within China, which confirmed the continuity of the road within China, and a train loading with 2800-ton goods, 40 railway wagons didn’t stop, starting from the Chongqing west railway station directly to Alataw Pass, because of the long-term and complicated multilateral consultation, there was no any advanced result. On January 28, 2011, soon after the signing of these two agreements,“Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe” had its second test run, carrying the motorcycle accessories of Chongqing’ Lifan and some electronic products of HP and Acer to Russia. At that time, the agreements for going out and entering customs conveniently had been signed between Chongqing’s custom and Russia’s and Kazakhstan’s customs. Being different from the test within China, the test this time had two routes, and the first route was “Chongqing-Urumchi-Alataw Pass-October city-Ilecik- Moscow”, with the whole length of 8129 kilometers, running almost 11 days according to the prediction; and thesecond route was “Chongqing-Urumchi-Alataw Pass-October city-Astrakhan- Tcherkessk”, with the whole length of 8340 kilometers, running almost 11 days according to the prediction. The most difficult problem for the test was temperature. In order to test the adaptive capacity of these electronic products and instruments in the state of high and cold during transportation, the coldest day had been chosen to have the test on purpose, and test instruments that were researched and developed independently by Chongqing installed on the special trains.

On the basis of two test runs, on March 19, 2011,“Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe” international railway trains had achieved the fi rst-time run through the whole journey, carrying electronic products of HP that were produced in Chongqing, starting from Tuanjie village of Chongqing, to Alataw Pass, passing through Kazakhstan, Russia, the Republic of Belarus, and Poland, spending 16 days, then successfully reaching Duisburg of Germany, achieving the opening of the whole journey of “Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe” international railway.

The Same Transporting Price by Railway Transportation and Sea Transportation, Becoming Three “Three in One”

To become a genuine transportation “main artery”,“aorta” and the main channel of Sino-Europe railways that connects Asia with Europe, the two big continents, it’s no doubt that the economic indicators, such as, transportation expenses and performance period are the focus of all circles. According to the calculation of experts, the best impression to the owner of the cargos of every country is the cheaper price of “Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe” international railway by comparing with air transportation; comparing with sea transportation, the transportation time of “Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe” is shorter and the freight prices are almost the same. To owning such best impression, the most ideal transport price of cases/km of “Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe” (the transport price of every container in every kilometer) should be among 0.6 - 0.5 dollar, which is almost the same as that of sea transportation, achieving the same price of sea transportation and railway transportation. While at the beginning of running of “Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe”, the price reached up to 1 dollar.

The most important thing to reduce transport price is to increase goods when returning to achieve bidirectional balance and thus to reduce cost. On March 18, 2013, the fi rst returning train of “Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe” arrived in the key station of Chongqing’s Tuanjie village, which ushered in a new time that the goods of Europe were transported to China through railway and entering China by Alataw Pass, achieving the “zero breakthrough” of returning trip; during 2014, 22 returning trains of “Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe” had been successfully run; and in 2015, among the whole 257trains in the whole year, there were 101 returning trains, with 2 trains a week averagely, and 5 trains a week in peak time, whose running frequency was the highest, and the frequency of bidirectional running was the most stable in all the Sino-Europe trains. According to the most updated information that was published, it’s predicted that the total running number of “Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe” trains will be over 300, and the returning trains will also have some breakthroughs on the basis of 101 of 2015.

At the same time, by establishing “One-Card”, a kind of pattern for transporting that connects the countries along the route, the routes was optimized, and the speed was enhanced, so the running time through the whole journey has been shortened to 13 days from 16 days before, which can save more than 30 days comparing with the pattern of sea transportation on Yangtze River to Shanghai then to Europe.

The structure of the source of goods is adjusting constantly during the process and makes innovation and breakthroughs. According to the data that was published before, among the goods accepting for carriage by“Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe” in 2015, the IT products and non-IT products occupied 50% respectively, among which the source of goods in outward voyage included many kinds of products, such as, notebook computers, clothing, articles of everyday use, coffee bean and so on, while the source of goods in returning trip included cars and parts, cosmetics, beer, mother and baby products and so on. Some products, such as, precision instruments, chemical materials, cold chain food and so on start to appear in the commodity lists for transporting by “Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe”, and even the special train for Hogood Coffee and products of cross-border E-commerce. The people in the mountain city soon feel close to the advanced “Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe” quickly.

The transporting price of case/km of “Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe” is the most important thing that is paid great attention to by the owners of cargo of every country, which had been reduced to 0.55 dollar in April of 2015, achieving the basic balance of transporting price and shipping price in the same time. “The high frequency of running, high speed of running, strong ability to radiate, convenient passing customs, good quality of service” has been the advantage brands of“Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe”. According to the incomplete statistics, there are 21 routes for the trains running between China and Europe within China at present, and there are 12 cities for running. Up to the end of October, 2015, these trains had running for 1058 trips, reaching directly to the 12 corresponding cities of Europe. According to the published news of Committee of Economy and Information of Chongqing in January of 2016 from 2011, when the route was started to run to the end of 2015, “Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe” had running for 490, transporting 41698 cases’ goods, and the number of trains accounted for 45% in all the trains running between China and Europe, with the worth of goods of 10 billion dollars, accounting for 80%. The number of trains, running speed, the value of goods and cargo volume are among the top of the trains running between China and Europe.

What’s more important is that Chongqing has got a series of policy support, such as, the first-class port of national railway, preferential transporting price, transporting international parcels and so on by depending on Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe in the last few years, according to the statistics provided by the Committee of Economy and Informatization of Chongqing, forming an opening platform of three “three integrating one”. At the same time, Chongqing has accelerated to boost the construction of car port. And Chongqing was the first area in the western inland China that has the qualifi cation to construct car port. Starting from August of 2014, Chongqing has imported 372 cars constantly, and five of eight main-current automobile brands of Europe have been brought in, whose importance is self-evident for Chongqing’s construction to be an open highland in inland Chongqing.

Expectation: Connecting Chongqing with Eurasia

Some data show that the quantity of shipments of the area along Yangtze River accounts for 40% or so in the quantity of shipments of Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe at present. The opening of “Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe” international trains made Chongqing become the comprehensive transportation junction in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and starting city of international channel for trade. “Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe” also changed from only serving for the adjustment of Chongqing’s industrial structure to a Sino-Europe great channel for trade that is serving the following areas: southwestern China, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta. “Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe” not only belongs to Chongqing any more. With the great change, the economic export-oriented degree of Chongqing has increased to 50%. Chongqing is becoming an opening highland from the heartland of inland China, with no closing to sea or coast, and it keeps abreast with the eastern coastal region.

During the “12thFive-Year Plan” period, Chongqing has grasped the opportunity of economic globalization, to construct “Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe” international trains, and the system integrating big channel, convenient passing through customs with big platform is formed basically, besides, Chongqing has established three transportation junctions of aviation, railway and inland port, three national opening ports, three controlled areas of bonded, the opening condition of three “three integrating into one”; especially, after the puttingforward of the national strategies of “One Belt and One Road”and Yangtze River Economic Zone, Chongqing’s becoming an opening highland of inland China has become a consensus. Up to the end of “12th Five-Year Plan”, the total number of running trains of “Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe” was 490, and the categories of goods and radiating scope were extending continuously, making “Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe” become the main channel for land-borne trade between China and Europe. As for Chongqing, “Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe” has changed thoroughly the internal-oriented economic structure, which contributed a lot for Chongqing’s becoming the worldclass industrial cluster and opening highland in inland China. This process was expressed by people that Chongqing’s heartbeats were past to Eurasia.

Guojian, the director of Committee of Economy and Informatization of Chongqing expressed publicly when accepting interview that the success of “Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe” international trains is the problems about system at the fi rst, for the establishing of “Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe”Company by the investing of four countries and fi ve parties, the great breakthrough in system, and the second is the basic cargo quantity. The market decides the result. Chongqing has two big pillar industries, that is, electronics and automobiles, so if there isn’t large cargo quantity and quantity of value, the effi ciency and value of this channel wouldn’t be refl ected; in addition, the location and strong ability to radiate to surrounding area of Chongqing are some important factors.

The journalists noticed that in the The layout of Chongqing’s 13thFive-Year Plan for national economy and social development, passing in the Chongqing’s two sessions in January of 2016, the further opening up of Chongqing and the construction of “Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe” were described as followings:

Actively integrating into the important strategies for opening up and regional development, such as, “One Belt and One Road” and Yangtze River Economic Belt, making full use of two big markets at home and abroad, two kind of materials, continuously expanding the depth and width of opening up, constructing an open system integrating big channel, big passing customs with big platform, forming a unique open platform of three “three integrating into one” in inland China, making “Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe” international channel become the main channel for land-borne trade between China and Europe……

During the “13thFive-Year Plan” period, the function of “Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe” international channel will be advanced and promoted, the utilization efficiency will be enhanced, the continuity of running will be increased, making it become the main channel for international trade that connecting inland area with the Silk Road Economic Belt. The operating mechanism of trains will be advanced, the ability of logistics informatizaion will be boosted, the measures to benefi t to convenient passing customs will be optimized, the allocating stations and storage centers at home and abroad will be laid out perfectly, the surrounding areas along Yangtze River Economic Belt, South China and countries and regional cargo organizations along the road will be strengthened, cross-border parcel transportation and trading channel for tourism will be expanded actively, the ability of gathering and distribution of national logistics will be strengthened comprehensively, and the national brand of logistics will be shaped. Making full use of the “Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe”international channel to boost the cooperation of international capacity, the development of trade of headquarters and carrying trade, nurture some emerging industries, such as, cross-border E-commerce, try best to grasp the commanding height of opening up in inland……

We wish that “Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe” international trains will not only be the famous brand of Chongqing’s opening up, but also continuously pass the economic heartbeat of Chongqing, even the whole China to Eurasia and all over the world in the future, to exert more function to help economic transformation and upgrading of Chongqing, even the whole China, the successful implementation of two national strategies, that is, “One Belt and One Road”, and Yangtze River Economic Belt.

Guo Jian, director of Committee of Economy and Informatization of Chongqing:

The ability to radiate and gather of “Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe” international trains should be strengthened in 2016, and we should gather the goods surrounding in Chongqing, and go to Europe through “Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe” and establish allocating stations in the countries along the way, and allocate the goods that were transported there to the surrounding countries, at the same time, we should try our best to appeal more returning goods. He also showed that “everything is possible” in terms of the further development of “Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe”, if the innovative manner of working is insisted on, conventions aren’t made purposefully, and the market allocates the materials, enterprise as the main body.

Jiang Ping, vice minister of municipal united front work department, and the secretary of leading party group of municipal association of industry and commerce:

Since Chongqing became a municipality directly under the central government, the private economy keeps a rapid development momentum, which has made great contribution to the economic development of the whole municipality. The enterprises in Chongqing have a tradition of “going out”, and more and more Chongqing people and enterprises go abroad and take part in the international competition, with the accelerating promotion of the Chongqing’s construction to be a highland of opening up. Besides, with the continuous increase of quantity and categories of returning cargoes, private economy accounts for a main proportion in the modern service industry, such as, cross-border E-commerce. We will further strengthen integration and connection with the countries along “One Belt and One Road” and “Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe”in terms of commercial messages and business environment, giving better service for the private enterprises that want to take part in.

Qi Dan, general manager of“Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe”logistics company:

From January 1, 2016, “Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe” logistics company would be the only platform for freight management of “Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe” railway, and the operations management of “Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe” will be more effi cient, which will help to expand the radiating scope of “Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe”, and the trains will be increased. It’s predicted that there will be over 300 trains in terms of the number of running trains, and almost everyday will have running train. At the same time, Chongqing becomes the distributing center of goods in partial provinces within China. “There will be over 300 running rains, with almost one train every day. Chongqing will be activated genuinely. “Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe” is not only the forerunner of “One Belt and One Road”, but the leader and navigator.”

Yang Bo, secretary-general of Chongqing International Research Institute:

As is known to all, when talking about the mutual connection between Asia and Europe, President Xi Jinping using “five mutual connections” that construct “Silk Road Economic Belt” to advocate that “heart communication” is the most important aspect among the communication of policies, road connection, trade unblocked, currency circulation and heart communication, because he thought “heart communication” was the basis of the former four aspects. The so-called “heart communication” meant “people’s hearts are connected”, which can avoid the appearance of misunderstandings to the maximum extent, is the guarantee of real connection and communication. I think “Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe” can make great contribution further in boosting the communication between Asia and Europe, especially the communication between inland China and Central and Eastern Europe.

Dai Jianhong, director of Shapingba Development and Reform Commission, Chongqing

Shapingba district in Chongqing As the new starting point will continue to optimize and upgrade the port functions, relying on Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe Central Europe land channel to develop "Near Railway Economy" and to create " Near Railway Economic Belt".

Connecting Chongqing with Eurasia——The Retrospect of Past Five Years of the Opening of Eurasia International Train

□ Written by Zeng Rui