李 達(dá),畢芳芳,楊 清
(中國醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬盛京醫(yī)院婦產(chǎn)科,沈陽110004)
BRCA1在不同化療敏感性漿液性卵巢癌中的表達(dá)及表觀遺傳學(xué)調(diào)節(jié)機制
李達(dá),畢芳芳,楊清
(中國醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬盛京醫(yī)院婦產(chǎn)科,沈陽110004)
目的探討不同化療敏感性漿液性卵巢癌組織中BRCA1的表達(dá)水平及介導(dǎo)BRCA1表達(dá)的表觀遺傳學(xué)分子機制。方法選取化療敏感與化療耐藥的卵巢癌組織標(biāo)本各10例,利用實時熒光定量PCR方法驗證差異化療敏感性的卵巢癌組織中BRCA1的表達(dá)特點;采用焦磷酸測序技術(shù)分析這些差異化療敏感性的卵巢癌標(biāo)本中BRCA1基因啟動子區(qū)域1~4位點的甲基化水平;采用回歸分析研究BRCA1基因差異的甲基化位點與BRCA1表達(dá)的相關(guān)性。結(jié)果化療耐藥的卵巢癌組織BRCA1表達(dá)水平顯著升高,同時耐藥組BRCA1基因核心啟動子區(qū)域1~4位點甲基化水平降低;值得注意的是,位點4甲基化水平降低最明顯,同時與BRCA1表達(dá)呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān)。結(jié)論研究結(jié)果提示,BRCA1基因啟動子核心區(qū)域位點4的甲基化水平降低,可能顯著影響B(tài)RCA1的轉(zhuǎn)錄調(diào)節(jié)及其相關(guān)的卵巢癌化療敏感性。
卵巢癌;BRCA1;化療敏感性;表觀遺傳學(xué);DNA甲基化
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卵巢癌是嚴(yán)重威脅女性健康的婦科惡性腫瘤之一[1]。當(dāng)前研究資料表明,Ⅰ~Ⅱ期卵巢癌患者5年生存率為80%~95%,而卵巢癌晚期(Ⅲ~Ⅳ期)雖經(jīng)過規(guī)范化的治療,包括理想的腫瘤細(xì)胞減滅術(shù)和以鉑類和(或)紫杉醇為基礎(chǔ)的聯(lián)合化療,其5年生存率仍在15%~20%左右,化療耐藥是造成卵巢癌患者5年生存率得不到改善的重要原因[1-2]。因此,明確卵巢癌耐藥機制是當(dāng)今婦科領(lǐng)域迫切需要解決的問題之一。
由鉑類耐藥機制可知,DNA損傷修復(fù)能力強弱是決定卵巢癌組織順鉑敏感性的重要原因之一[3]。眾所周知,BRCA1是DNA損傷修復(fù)的重要因子[3]。同時研究[4]顯示,約50%的家族遺傳性卵巢癌患者攜帶BRCA1胚系突變,約50%~80%的散發(fā)型卵巢癌BRCA1表達(dá)水平顯著降低。當(dāng)前普遍認(rèn)為BRCA1功能增強介導(dǎo)的DNA損傷修復(fù)能力上調(diào),是卵巢癌化療耐藥的重要原因。然而,針對BRCA1功能增強機制方面的理解仍非常有限,本研究擬從DNA甲基化的角度探討差異化療敏感性的卵巢癌組織BRCA1表達(dá)調(diào)控的表觀遺傳學(xué)機制。
1.1材料
收集中國醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬盛京醫(yī)院婦產(chǎn)科2012至2015年手術(shù)切除的原發(fā)性卵巢癌患者標(biāo)本20例,患者年齡35~60(50.4±7.4)歲。標(biāo)本分為2組:敏感組(n=10),患者經(jīng)理想的腫瘤細(xì)胞減滅術(shù)聯(lián)合以紫杉醇和鉑類為基礎(chǔ)的化療6~8個療程,達(dá)到臨床完全緩解;耐藥組(n=10),腫瘤細(xì)胞減滅術(shù)后化療過程中腫瘤仍進(jìn)展,腫瘤標(biāo)志物(如CA125)等持續(xù)不降,二次探測手術(shù)有殘余病灶或停藥半年內(nèi)出現(xiàn)腫瘤復(fù)發(fā)。
1.2焦磷酸測序技術(shù)
利用美國Qiagen公司生產(chǎn)的亞硫酸鹽修飾試劑盒對基因組DNA進(jìn)行亞硫酸鹽轉(zhuǎn)化;隨后利用美國Bioline公司生產(chǎn)的DNA擴增試劑盒對修飾好的DNA進(jìn)行擴增,擴增引物見表1,擴增條件為95℃2 min,40個循環(huán)(95℃15 s,56℃15 s,72℃30 s)。擴增后,純化生物素標(biāo)記的PCR產(chǎn)物,并將該產(chǎn)物用表1中的引物孵育;用美國Qiagen生產(chǎn)的測序試劑進(jìn)行焦磷酸測序,并用PyroMark Q24 1.010軟件計算甲基化比例。
1.3熒光定量PCR
總RNA利用美國Invitrogen公司的Trizol試劑進(jìn)行提?。浑S后用DNaseⅠ去除污染的基因組DNA;2 μg總RNA利用日本TaKaRa公司生產(chǎn)的反轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑盒進(jìn)行反轉(zhuǎn)錄,隨后在美國羅氏Roche LightCycler 2.0儀器中進(jìn)行熒光定量反應(yīng),樣本分析采用2-△△Ct方法進(jìn)行。擴增引物見表1。
表1 引物序列表Tab.1 Primers used in this study
1.4統(tǒng)計學(xué)分析
2.1實時熒光定量PCR分析BRCA1基因的表達(dá)水平
與化療敏感的卵巢癌組織相比,化療耐藥的卵巢癌組織BRCA1表達(dá)水平顯著升高(P<0.05)。見圖1。
2.2焦磷酸測序技術(shù)分析BRCA1啟動子核心區(qū)域1~4位點甲基化水平
圖1 BRCA1mRNA表達(dá)水平Fig.1 Expression level of BRCA1 mRNA
前期研究[5]證實BRCA1基因1~4位點甲基化程度顯著代表BRCA1啟動子核心區(qū)域甲基化水平,此次利用焦磷酸測序技術(shù)分析化療敏感與化療耐藥的卵巢癌組織BRCA1基因1~4位點的甲基化水平。結(jié)果顯示,與化療敏感的卵巢癌組織相比,化療耐藥的卵巢癌組織BRCA1核心啟動子區(qū)域1~4位點甲基化水平顯著降低。見圖2。
圖2 BRCA1核心啟動子區(qū)域1~4位點甲基化樣式Fig.2 Methylation pattern of sites 1-4 in the core promoter region of BRCA1
2.3化療敏感與化療耐藥的卵巢癌組織中BRCA1基因1~4位點甲基化程度
經(jīng)統(tǒng)計學(xué)分析發(fā)現(xiàn),與化療敏感的卵巢癌組織相比,化療耐藥的卵巢癌組織1~4位點的甲基化水平均降低,其中位點4甲基化比例降低差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見圖3。
圖3 BRCA1核心啟動子區(qū)域1~4位點甲基化水平Fig.3 Methylation levels of sites 1-4 in the core promoter region of BRCA1
2.4卵巢癌組織中1~4位點甲基化水平與BRCA1表達(dá)水平的相關(guān)性
回歸分析發(fā)現(xiàn),位點3和位點4與BRCA1的表達(dá)水平呈現(xiàn)一定程度的負(fù)相關(guān),并且回歸模型有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見圖4。
本研究提示:化療耐藥的卵巢癌組織BRCA1表達(dá)水平顯著升高,同時耐藥組BRCA1基因核心啟動子區(qū)域1~4位點甲基化水平均有降低趨勢,但位點4甲基化比例降低最為明顯,位點3和位點4與BRCA1表達(dá)呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān)。該數(shù)據(jù)提示,BRCA1核心啟動子區(qū)域位點4的甲基化程度,可能顯著參與BRCA1的轉(zhuǎn)錄調(diào)節(jié)及其相關(guān)的卵巢癌化療敏感性。
眾所周知,BRCA1是乳腺癌和卵巢癌易感基因,廣泛參與細(xì)胞的轉(zhuǎn)錄調(diào)節(jié)[6]、表觀遺傳學(xué)調(diào)控[7]和細(xì)胞代謝[8]。值得注意的是,我們先前的研究[5]證實,BRCA1能夠顯著參與依賴于NAD+的組蛋白去乙?;?相關(guān)的能量代謝和應(yīng)激反應(yīng),同時在卵巢進(jìn)展過程中,BRCA1是表皮生長因子的重要調(diào)控因子[9]。有趣的是,近期大量的研究[10-13]直接或間接的提示BRCA1、組蛋白去乙酰化酶1和表皮生長因子均顯著參與化療抵抗。這些數(shù)據(jù)提示我們,BRCA1自身及BRCA1級聯(lián)的一系列信號和代謝反應(yīng)與化療耐藥顯著相關(guān)。截至當(dāng)前,一系列的研究數(shù)據(jù)也指向BRCA1與化療抵抗,如:(1)轉(zhuǎn)錄因子Pit-1同源蛋白能夠顯著抑制BRCA1的表達(dá),提升了乳腺癌順鉑治療的敏感性[14];(2)差異表達(dá)的BRCA1能夠通過線粒體途徑調(diào)節(jié)順鉑治療的敏感性[10];(3)miR-9[15]和miR-638[16]通過下調(diào)BRCA1,進(jìn)而干擾DNA修復(fù),增加順鉑的細(xì)胞毒性;(4)BRCA1-IRIS失活,顯著提升了卵巢癌細(xì)胞順鉑的治療效果[11];(5)CDK12失活,抑制了BRCA1轉(zhuǎn)錄,干擾了DNA同源重組修復(fù),能夠顯著提升卵巢癌對順鉑的治療效果[17]。由此可見,BRCA1是調(diào)節(jié)卵巢癌化療敏感性重要靶點。
另外,我們近期的研究[18]也補充了BRCA1轉(zhuǎn)錄調(diào)節(jié)的新機制,證實了聚ADP核糖聚合酶1可能是BRCA1的下游靶分子。該研究建立了BRCA1相關(guān)的轉(zhuǎn)錄調(diào)節(jié)、DNA損傷修復(fù)、細(xì)胞周期調(diào)控、細(xì)胞凋亡等重要事件與聚ADP核糖聚合酶1介導(dǎo)的細(xì)胞衰老、壽命延長、抗氧化應(yīng)激、能量代謝調(diào)節(jié)、尤其DNA損傷修復(fù)間的分子聯(lián)系。更為重要的是,該數(shù)據(jù)提示我們,BRCA1可能協(xié)同聚ADP核糖聚合酶1共同調(diào)節(jié)DNA損傷修復(fù)與順鉑耐藥性間的分子聯(lián)系。該研究提示了差異順鉑敏感性卵巢癌組織存在一種特異的介導(dǎo)BRCA1轉(zhuǎn)錄的表觀遺傳學(xué)機制,此結(jié)果將為卵巢癌病因?qū)W研究及化學(xué)治療策略提供新的見解和思路。
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圖4 BRCA1表達(dá)與1~4位點甲基化水平相關(guān)性Fig.4 Correlation between the levels of BRCA1 and methylation sites 1-4
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(編輯陳姜)
Expression and Epigenetic Regulation of BRCA1in Chemosensitive and Chemoresistant Ovarian Cancer
LI Da,BI Fangfang,YANG Qing
(Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,Shengjing Hospital,China Medical University,Shenyang 110004,China)
Objective To investigate the expression of BRCA1in chemosensitive and chemoresistant ovarian cancer specimens,so as to provide a novel insight into the epigenetic mechanism involved in BRCA1transcription.Methods Serous ovarian cancer patients(10 chemosensitive and 10 chemoresistant cancer)were enrolled for the study.BRCA1 levels was analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR.The methylation levels of BRCA1 core promoter(sites 1-4)was determined by pyrosequencing.Regression analysis was used to examine the possible relationship between BRCA1 levels and the methylation levels of sites 1-4 in ovarian cancer specimens.Results Compared to chemosensitive ovarian cancer tissues,BRCA1 levels were increased,but the methylation levels of BRCA1 core promoter(sites 1-4)were decreased in chemoresistant ovarian cancer tissues.However,it is interesting to note that only a significant inverse correlation was observed between BRCA1 levels and the methylated levels of site 4(r=-0.612,P<0.05).Conclusion Our findings imply that the methylation levels ofsite 4 in the core promoter of BRCA1 may be widely involved in the regulation of BRCA1 expression and chemosensitivity in ovarian cancer.
ovarian cancer;BRCA1;chemosensitivity;epigenetic;DNA methylation
R737.31
A
0258-4646(2016)05-0385-05
10.12007/j.issn.0258-4646.2016.05.001
國家自然科學(xué)基金(81402130);遼寧省臨床能力建設(shè)項目(LNCCC-A01-2015)
李達(dá)(1984-),男,講師,博士.
楊清,E-mail:yangq_cmu@163.com
2016-01-18
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