李亞敏 劉高山 周為民 趙彥杰 李玉川 沈軍 譚文杰
102206 北京,中國疾病預防控制中心 病毒病預防控制所應急技術中心(李亞敏、劉高山、周為民、趙彥杰、譚文杰); 201102上海,復旦大學附屬兒童醫(yī)院(李玉川、沈軍)
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上海市重癥急性呼吸道感染兒童中可檢出多種型別的人腺病毒
李亞敏劉高山周為民趙彥杰李玉川沈軍譚文杰
102206 北京,中國疾病預防控制中心 病毒病預防控制所應急技術中心(李亞敏、劉高山、周為民、趙彥杰、譚文杰); 201102上海,復旦大學附屬兒童醫(yī)院(李玉川、沈軍)
李亞敏、劉高山為共同第一作者
【摘要】目的了解上海市重癥急性呼吸道感染(SARI)兒童中人腺病毒(HAdV)的感染情況及其分型特征。方法2013年6月至2014年3月從上海復旦大學附屬兒科醫(yī)院收集441份重癥急性呼吸道感染患兒鼻咽抽吸物(NPAs)。采用巢式PCR的方法進行人腺病毒的檢測,對陽性樣本進行分型分析及基本流行病學特征分析。結果人腺病毒共檢出51例(11.6%,95%CI 8.6%~14.6%)陽性,以0.5~1歲之間的患兒感染率較高,分型分析發(fā)現(xiàn)感染者中B組所占比例最高,共33例(64.7%),其中HAdV-3共17例(33.3%),HAdV-7共檢出16例(31.4%);其次為C組共14例(27.5%);HAdV-D (HAdV-8)與HAdV-E(HAdV-4)各1例;HAdV-F(HAdV-41)檢出2例。結論人腺病毒在上海市重癥急性呼吸道感染患兒中有較高的感染率,存在多種基因型且以HAdV-B中的HAdV-3、7型感染最為常見。
【主題詞】重癥急性呼吸道感染;兒童;人腺病毒;分型檢測
Fund programs: State Megaproject for Infectious Disease Research of China(2013ZX10004601,2013ZX10004-101)
人腺病毒(HAdV)是美國學者Rowe及其同事于1953年從人體的腺樣組織中分離出來[1],該病毒屬于腺病毒科(Adenoviridae),哺乳動物腺病毒屬(Mastadenovirus),是無包膜的單股雙鏈線性DNA病毒,包含HAdV-A到HAdV-G共7個亞屬 69個基因型[2]。其中HAdV-1~ HAdV-52是根據(jù)血清中和試驗確定的血清型[3,4],HAdV-53~HAdV-69是根據(jù)全基因序列生物信息學分析確定的基因型[2,5]。
HAdV感染可引起多種疾病包括肺炎、支氣管炎、膀胱炎、眼結膜炎、胃腸道疾病及腦炎等[2,6],與呼吸道感染相關的主要是HAdV-B、HAdV-C及HAdV-D亞屬,在嬰幼兒中HAdV感染可引起嚴重的甚至致命的肺炎或支氣管炎[7]。近年來國內外有諸多關于不同型別HAdV感染與爆發(fā)的報道,但上海市重癥急性呼吸道感染患兒中HAdV感染的病原學資料尚缺乏,為明確該地區(qū)該特殊人群中HAdV的感染特點,我們展開此項研究,并報道如下。
1材料與方法
1.1檢測樣品2013年6月至2014年3月從上海復旦大學附屬兒科醫(yī)院收集441份重癥急性呼吸道感染患兒(使用WHO兒童疾病管理規(guī)劃的肺炎和重癥肺炎的定義[8],主要臨床表現(xiàn)為發(fā)熱、咳嗽、呼吸短促或困難、咽喉痛及其他呼吸道感染癥狀)的鼻咽抽吸物。每例患兒收集約1 ml呼吸道樣品,4℃存放不超過48 h,盡快運送至實驗室,每份樣品每200 μl分裝一管,存于-70℃。
1.2核酸提取與病毒檢測使用QIAamp MinElute Virus Spin Kit(QIAGEN,Germany)進行病毒全基因提取,按照說明書進行操作,最終溶于80 μl洗脫緩沖液。選取部分六鄰體(hexon)基因作為基因分型區(qū),使用巣式PCR的方法對HAdV進行分型檢測與基因多態(tài)性分析[9-11]。反應體系25 μl,1.25U FastStart Taq DNA Polymerase,10×PCR Buffer,2mmol/L MgCl2(Roche Diagnostic Systems Inc., Mannheim, Germany),200 μmol/L dNTPs(日本,TaKaRa公司),0.5 μmol/L引物(大連寶生物工程有限公司合成),5 μl基因組提取液(第一輪)或2 μl的第一輪PCR產物(第二輪)。反應條件同參考文獻[9,10]。第一輪PCR產物大小為1 004 bp,第二輪為956 bp。
1.3分型分析對檢測陽性的內側PCR產物使用QIAquick? Gel Extraction Kit(QIAGEN,Germany)進行切膠回收,按照操作說明書進行回收純化,回收產物由上海生物工程有限公司進行序列測定。應用Sequin向基因庫提交序列(序列號為:KR025751~ KR025768,KR025770~ KR025782,KR025784~ KR025788,KR025790~ KR025804),使用Clustal X軟件將結果與GenBank上公布的與呼吸道感染相關的HAdV序列進行比對,經Bioedit軟件裁齊序列后,使用MEGA 5.0軟件進行進化分型分析。
1.4統(tǒng)計學方法使用統(tǒng)計學分析系統(tǒng)SAS9.2進行統(tǒng)計學分析,基本的流行病學特征使用χ2檢驗進行分析,P<0.05為差別有統(tǒng)計學意義。
2結果
2.1患兒基本特征441例SARI患兒中男性281例(63.7%),女性160例(36.3%),男女比為1.8∶1。中位年齡為1Y(0.3M~14Y),按年齡大小將患兒分為(≤6M、7M~≤1Y、2~≤5Y、>5Y)四組,各組分別有139人、125人、120人及57人。
2.2流行病學特征共檢出51例HAdV感染者,陽性檢出率為11.6%(51/441,95%CI8.6%~14.6%),男性患兒檢出率為12.5%(35/281),女性患兒檢出率為10.0%(16/160),不同性別患兒HAdV的檢出情況差異均無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05)。年齡≤6M組感染者8例,陽性率為5.8%(8/139);7M~≤1Y組陽性率為15.2%(19/125);2~≤5Y組陽性率為16.7% (20/120);>5Y組陽性率為7.0%(4/57),以6M~5Y患兒陽性率較高(P<0.05)。除夏季外其余三個季節(jié)HadV均有較高檢出率,尤以冬春季檢出率較高,除12月份外各個月份均有檢出,且各個月份陽性檢出率差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05)(結果未示)。
2.3分型分布特征根據(jù)感染HAdV陽性樣本靶序列與各型別參考株核苷酸序列在進化樹中的距離(圖1),確定所感染HAdV所屬型別(表1)。
2.4臨床表現(xiàn)51例HAdV感染者中有48例診斷為肺炎,2例診斷為上呼吸道感染,1例為支氣管炎?;純褐饕憩F(xiàn)為發(fā)熱、咳嗽、喘息偶有腹瀉癥狀,且這些癥狀在感染者與非感染者中差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05)。
3討論
HAdV-A~ HAdV-G七個亞屬中,與急性呼吸道感染相關主要是HAdV-B(HAdV-3、-7、-11、-14及-21)與HAdV-E(HAdV-4)[12-15],對HAdV的快速分型檢測有助于指導應急反應,并有助于指導治療。不同地區(qū)急性呼吸道感染患兒中HAdV的檢出率不盡相同[16-20],本研究SARI患兒中HAdV感染率為11.6%,與相關研究的結果一致,且HAdV的感染在季節(jié)分布上差異無統(tǒng)計學意義,與相關報道一致[21]。
圖1 根據(jù)HAdV部分六鄰體基因構建系統(tǒng)進化樹(前綴“S”代表來自上海的樣品.□,HAdV-A參考株; ●, HAdV-B參考株;■,HAdV-C參考株;▲, HAdV-D參考株;△,HAdV-E參考株; ◆,HAdV-F參考株)Fig.1 Phylogenetic analysis of HAdV based on the partial hexon gene.(Prefix-S:samples from Shanghai; □,sequences of reference strains of HAdV-A;●,sequences of reference strains of HAdV-B;■,sequences of reference strains of HAdV-C;▲,sequences of reference strains of HAdV-D;△,sequences of reference strains of HAdV-E;◆,sequences of reference strains of HAdV-F)
分組Group型別Type陽性數(shù)Positive陽性比率Ratioofpositive(%)B(N=33)HAdV-31733.3HAdV-71631.4C(N=14)HAdV-123.9HAdV-247.8HAdV-547.8HAdV-612.0HAdV-2/623.9未定型untyped12.0D(N=1)HAdV-812.0E(N=1)HAdV-412.0F(N=2)HAdV-4123.9
本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)上海市SARI患兒中HAdV感染以HAdV-B組為主,主要是HAdV-3與HAdV-7(占64.7%),其次為HAdV-C組(14/51,占27.45%),與北京、廣州等地的研究結果較一致[22-23],但與同屬華東地區(qū)的浙江溫嶺的流行株分布(以HAdVC組1,2,5型為主)不同[11,22],可能是研究時間、地區(qū)、樣品形式或患兒疾病狀態(tài)不同所致。另外,本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)在HAdV-C中,有一例未定型,進化分析發(fā)現(xiàn)其不屬于HAdV-C中的任何一個型別而獨立存在,很可能是HAdV-C中的新型別,不過,由于本研究中我們只針對部分六鄰體基因進行分型檢測,根據(jù)部分片段來確定新型別說服力尚顯不足,有待于對該病毒全基因進行擴增,從全基因水平進行進一步的生物信息學分析來確定其準確的型別。
總之,本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)上海市重癥急性呼吸道感染患兒中HAdV存在較高的檢出率(11.6%),存在多種基因型。要明確該地區(qū)的流行株特征及進化規(guī)律還有待于長期動態(tài)地針對更大范圍人群進行長期監(jiān)測。
4參考文獻
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通信作者:譚文杰,Email:tanwj28@163.com;沈軍, Email:echoshen11@163.com
DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1003-9279.2016.01.003
基金項目:傳染病防治重大專項(2013ZX10004601,2013ZX10004-101)
(收稿日期:2015-12-31)
Prevalence of multiple types of human adenovirus infection among children with severe acute respiratory infection in Shanghai
LiYamin,LiuGaoshan,ZhouWeimin,ZhaoYanjie,LiYuchuan,ShenJun,TanWenjie
KeyLaboratoryofMedicalVirology,MinistryofHealth;NationalInstituteforViralDiseaseControlandPrevention,ChinaCDC,Beijing102206,China(LiYM,LiuGS,ZhouWM,ZhaoYJ,TanWJ);ShanghaiPediatricsHospitalAffiliatedFudanUniversity,Shanghai201102,China(LiYC,ShenJ)LiYaminandLiuGaoshanarethefirstauthorswhocontributedeaquallytothearticleCorrespondingauthor:TanWenjie,Email:Tanwj28@163.com;ShenJun,Email:echoshen11@163.com
【Abstract】ObjectiveTo investigate the typing profiles of human adenovirus infection among children with severe acute respiratory infection(SARI) in Shanghai. MethodsA total of 441 nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs) were collected from hospitalized children with SARI in Shanghai Pediatrics Hospital Affiliated Fudan University from June 2013 to March 2014. Human adenovirus was detected by nested PCR followed molecular typing by sequencing. Then the phylogenetic and epidemiological analysis was conducted. ResultsFrom 441 hospitalized children with SARI, 51 of samples (11.6%, 95%CI: 8.6%~14.6%) were detected as HAdV infection. Most of the SARI children with HAdV infection were distributed between 0.5 to 5 years old. Typing data shown that HAdV-B (17 of HAdV-3, 16 of HAdV-7) was most dominant as 64.7% (33/51),followed by HAdV-C as 27.5% (14/51); either HAdV-D (HAdV-8) or HAdV-E (HAdV-4) contained only one case, and HAdV-F (HAdV-41) found in two cases. ConclusionMultiple species(B-F)of HAdVs were circulated among children with SARI in Shanghai, and HAdV-B (HAdV-3, HAdV-7) was the most predominant species of circulation.
【Key words】Severe acute respiratory infection; Children;Human adenovirus;Typing detection