陳 玉, 劉 流, 牛艷芬
(中南民族大學 化學與材料科學學院,武漢 430073)
?
靈芝化學成分的研究
陳玉, 劉流, 牛艷芬
(中南民族大學 化學與材料科學學院,武漢 430073)
摘要為研究靈芝的化學成分,利用溶劑提取法,對正、反相硅膠柱層析法和半制備高效液相色譜法對其進行了分離純化,并根據(jù)理化性質和現(xiàn)代波譜技術進行了結構鑒定.結果表明:從靈芝乙醇提取物分離得到的10個化合物,分別鑒定為antiquol C (1)、ganoderic acid Y (2)、7-oxo-ganoderic acid Z3 (3)、7-oxo-ganoderic acid Z (4)、ganoderic acid B9 (5)、ganoderic acid C2 (6)、3β,7β-dihydroxy-11,15,23-trioxo-lanost-8,16-dien-26-oic acid (7)、ergosterol (8)、5α,8α-epidioxyergosta-6, 22-dien-3β-ol (9)、6, 9-epidioxy-ergosta-7,22-dien-3β-ol (10),其中化合物(1)為首次從該屬植物中分離得到.
關鍵詞靈芝;化學成分;三萜;甾體
靈芝(Ganodermalucidum)為多孔菌科赤芝或紫芝的干燥子實體,別名有萬年蕈、瑞草、秀草等,是我國一種傳統(tǒng)的的大型藥用真菌,屬于擔子菌綱(Basidiomycetes)多孔菌科(Polyporaceae)靈芝亞科(Ganodermatoideae)靈芝屬(Ganoderma)[1].傳統(tǒng)中醫(yī)認為靈芝具有補肝益氣、延年益壽的功效.近年來從靈芝中分離到三萜類化合物已有100種,其中三萜類化合物主要是高度氧化的羊毛甾烷衍生物[2].現(xiàn)代藥理研究表明:靈芝三萜類化合物具有抗腫瘤、抗病毒等作用[3].為了進一步深入了解其有效成分,本文對靈芝的三萜和甾醇成分進行了系統(tǒng)的研究.
1材料與方法
1.1儀器與試劑
核磁共振波譜儀(Bruker AM-400型, 布魯克公司),高效液相色譜儀(Ultimate 3000半制備型, 美國戴安公司),VWD,DAD檢測器,半制備型色譜柱為5C18-MS-II (250 mm×10 mm, 5 μm).
靈芝購于云南西雙版納,由云南西雙版納傣族自治州民族醫(yī)藥研究所趙應紅主任藥師鑒定為靈芝屬(Ganoderma)靈芝(G.Lucidum).50 μm反相材料ODS(日本YMC公司);300~400目硅膠和硅膠H-TLC薄層預制板(青島海洋化工廠),硫酸香草醛顯色劑(硫酸、香草醛、乙醇、水 分別為8 mL、0.5 g、10 mL、20 mL),色譜甲醇(美國Tedia試劑公司),其余試劑均為分析純,由國藥集團化學試劑有限公司和天津博迪化工有限公司生產.
1.2提取與分離
取靈芝粉碎后稱重1.4 kg,用95%乙醇室溫浸泡3次,每次24 h,合并3次提取液.真空抽濾得濾液,旋干濃縮,得提取物46.7 g.將此靈芝乙醇提取物經硅膠柱層析分離,用環(huán)己烷∶丙酮(50∶1→0∶1)梯度洗脫,TLC檢測后合并相同組分,共收集7個組分(Fr.A~G).Fr.B經過正、反相硅膠柱色譜分離得到化合物8(200 mg)和9(20 mg).Fr.D經過反復的正、反相硅膠柱色譜分離得到化合物1(10 mg)、2(22 mg)、3(19 mg)和4(30 mg).Fr.E經過反復的正相硅膠柱色譜分離得到化合7(6 mg).Fr.F經過反復的正、反相硅膠柱色譜和半制備HPLC得到化合物5(12 mg)、6(4 mg)、10(9 mg),其結構式見圖1.
圖1 化合物1~10的結構式Fig.1 Chemical structures of compound 1-10
2結果
2.1結構鑒定
化合物1:白色粉末,分子式為C30H48O,1H-NMR (400MHz, C5D5N):δH5.61(1H, d,J=5.6 Hz, H-7), 5.44(1H, d,J=5.6 Hz, H-11), 5.27(1H, t,J=7.0 Hz, H-24), 3.51(1H, dd,J=8.4, 7.1 Hz, H-3), 1.71(3H, s, H-26), 1.66(3H, s, H-27), 1.24(3H, s, H-28), 1.16(3H, s, H-19), 1.12(3H, s, H-29), 1.02(3H, s, H-30),1.00(3H, d,J=5.2 Hz, H-21), 0.71(3H, s, H-18).13C-NMR(100 MHz, C5D5N)數(shù)據(jù)見表1.以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻報道基本一致[4],故鑒定化合物1為antiquol C.
化合物2:白色粉末,分子式C30H46O3,1H-NMR(400MHz, C5D5N):δH5.61(1H, d,J=4.8 Hz, H-7), 5.44(1H, d,J=5.6 Hz, H-11), 5.23(1H, m, H-24), 3.50(1H, dd,J=8.6, 6.9 Hz, H-3), 2.15(3H, s, H-27), 1.25(3H, s, H-29), 1.17(3H, s, H-19), 1.13(3H, s, H-28), 1.03(3H, s, H-30), 1.00(3H, d,J=6.4Hz, H-21), 0.70(3H, s, H-18).13C-NMR(100 MHz, C5D5N)數(shù)據(jù)見表1.以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻報道基本一致[4],故鑒定化合物2為ganoderic acid Y.
化合物3:白色粉末,分子式為C30H46O5,1H-NMR(400MHz, C5D5N):δH6.35(1H, m, H-24), 4.98(1H, d,J=5.6 Hz, H-15), 3.57(1H, dd,J=11.6, 4.4 Hz, H-3), 2.12(3H, s, H-27), 1.72(3H, s, H-19), 1.24(3H, s, H-29), 1.19(3H, s, H-18), 1.15(3H, s, H-28), 1.12(3H, s, H-30), 1.01(3H, d,J=5.2 Hz, H-21).13C-NMR(100 MHz, C5D5N)數(shù)據(jù)見表1.以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻報道基本一致[5],故鑒定化合物3為7-oxo-ganoderic acid Z3.
化合物4:白色粉末,分子式為C30H46O4,1H-NMR(400MHz, C5D5N):δH6.13(1H, m, H-24), 3.47(1H, dd,J=10.8, 6.0 Hz, H-3), 2.14(3H, s, H-27), 1.17(3H, s, H-19), 1.14(3H, s, H-29), 1.12(3H, s, H-28), 1.08(3H, s, H-30), 1.023H, d,J=6.0 Hz, H-21), 0.72(3H, s, H-18).13C-NMR(100 MHz, C5D5N)數(shù)據(jù)見表1.以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻報道基本一致[6],故鑒定化合物4為7-oxo-ganoderic acid Z.
化合物5:白色粉末,分子式為C30H46O7.1H-NMR(400MHz, C5D5N):δH4.92(1H, dd,J=8.8, 6.4 Hz, H-15), 4.86(1H, br d,J=6.4 Hz, H-7), 3.56(1H, dd,J=11.6, 4.8 Hz, H-3), 3.48(1H, dt,J=13.6,3.6 Hz, H-1), 3.34(1H, m, H-25), 3.15(1H, dd,J=17.6, 8.8 Hz, H-24), 3.01(1H, br d,J=17.6Hz, H-12), 2.64~2.58(1H,m, H-12), 2.64~2.58(1H, m, H-24), 2.39(1H, dd,J= 16.0, 9.6, H-22), 2.17~2.08(2H, m, H-16), 2.201H, m, H-20), 2.15(1H, m, H-6), 2.08~1.93(2H, m, H-2), 2.01(1H, m, H-5), 1.83(1H, m, H-6), 1.78(1H, m, H-17), 1.62(3H, s, H-30), 1.44(1H, m, H-1), 1.37(1H, d,J=7.2Hz, H-27), 1.35(3H, s, H-28), 1.30(3H, s, H-19), 1.14(3H, s, H-29), 0.99(3H, d,J=6.8 Hz, H-21), 0.97(3H, s, H-18).13C-NMR(100 MHz, C5D5N)數(shù)據(jù)見表1.以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻報道基本一致[7],故鑒定化合物5為ganoderic acid B9.
化合物6:白色粉末,分子式為C30H46O7.1H-NMR(400MHz, C5D5N):δH5.26(1H, br t,J=8.0 Hz, H-15), 4.99(1H, dd,J=10.0, 8.4 Hz, H-7), 3.54(1H, dd,J=11.2, 4.4 Hz, H-3), 3.31(1H, m, H-25), 3.13(1H, m, H-1), 3.09(1H, m, H-24), 3.02(1H, br d,J=15.2Hz, H-12), 2.70(1H,J=15.2Hz, H-12), 2.57(1H, m, H-22), 2.56(1H, m, H-24), 2.41(1H, m, H-6), 2.31(1H, m, H-22), 2.18(1H, m, H-20), 2.14~1.94(2H, m, H-16), 1.98(1H, m, H-6), 1.92(2H, m, H-2), 1.91(1H, m, H-17), 1.55(3H, s, H-18), 1.53(3H, s, H-28), 1.37(1H, d,J=6.8Hz, H-27), 1.29(3H, s, H-30), 1.19(1H, m, H-5), 1.15(1H, m, H-1), 1.12(3H, s, H-29), 0.98(3H, d,J=6.0 Hz, H-21).13C-NMR(100 MHz, C5D5N)數(shù)據(jù)見表1.以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻報道基本一致[8],故鑒定化合物6為ganoderic acid C2.
化合物7:白色粉末,分子式C30H42O7.1H-NMR(400MHz, C5D5N):δH5.98(1H, s, H-16), 5.14(1H, dd,J=9.6, 8.4 Hz, H-7), 3.53(1H, dd,J=7.2, 4.8 Hz, H-3), 3.26(1H, m, H-1), 3.13(1H, m, H-12), 3.12(1H, m, H-24), 3.10(1H, m, H-20), 3.09(3H, d,J=7.2 Hz, H-27), 2.95(1H, dd,J=17.7, 4.4 Hz, H-22), 2.82(1H, dd,J=17.2, 6.4 Hz, H-22), 2.73(1H,J=16.0 Hz, H-12), 2.69(1H, m, H-25), 2.56(1H, dd,J=17.2, 4.4 Hz, H-24), 2.36(1H, dd,J=13.2, 7.6 Hz, H-6), 1.92(2H, m, H-2), 1.87(1H, m, H-6), 1.48(3H, s, H-18), 1.41(3H, s, H-19), 1.29(3H, s, H-28), 1.25(1H, m, H-1), 1.18(1H, m, H-5), 1.11(3H, s, H-29), 1.10(3H, d,J=7.2 Hz, H-21).13C-NMR(100 MHz, C5D5N)數(shù)據(jù)見表1.以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻報道基本一致[9],故鑒定化合物7為3β,7β-dihydroxy-11,15,23-trioxo-lanost-8,16-dien-26-oic acid.
化合物8:白色粉末,分子式C28H44O,1H-NMR(400MHz, C5D5N):δH5.73(1H, dd,J=6.4, 2.0 Hz, H-6), 5.52(1H, dd,J=5.6, 2.8 Hz, H-7), 5.29(1H, m, H-23), 5.25(1H, m, H-22), 3.97(1H, m, H-3), 1.11(3H, d,J=6.4 Hz, H-21), 1.06(3H, s, H-19), 1.00(3H, d,J=7.2 Hz, H-28), 0.90(3H, d,J=6.8 Hz, H-27), 0.89(3H, d,J=6.8 Hz, H-26), 0.69(3H, s, H-18).13C-NMR(100 MHz, C5D5N)數(shù)據(jù)見表1.以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻報道基本一致[10],故鑒定化合物8為ergosterol.
化合物9:針狀結晶(甲醇),分子式為C28H46O3,1H-NMR(400MHz, C5D5N):δH6.55(1H, d,J=8.4 Hz, H-6), 6.35(1H, d,J=8.4 Hz, H-7), 5.31(1H, m, H-23), 5.22(1H, m, H-22), 4.43(1H, m, H-3), 1.05(3H, d,J=6.4 Hz, H-21), 0.98(3H, d,J=6.8 Hz, H-28), 0.91(3H, s, H-19), 0.89(3H, d,J=6.8 Hz, H-27), 0.88(3H, d,J=6.8 Hz, H-26), 0.79(3H, s, H-18).13C-NMR(100 MHz, C5D5N)數(shù)據(jù)見表1.以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻報道基本一致[11],故鑒定化合物9為5α,8α-epidioxyergosta-6,22-dien-3β-ol.
化合物10:白色粉末,分子式為C28H44O2,1H-NMR(400MHz, C5D5N):δH6.36(1H, d,J=5.6 Hz, H-7), 6.10(1H, d,J=4.8 Hz, H-23), 5.77(1H, m, H-22), 4.87(1H, m, H-6), 4.35(1H, m, H-3), 1.56(3H, s, H-19), 1.08(3H, d,J=6.8 Hz, H-21), 0.97(3H, d,J=6.8 Hz, H-28), 0.88(3H, d,J=6.4 Hz, H-27), 0.87(3H, d,J=6.8 Hz, H-26), 0.67(3H, s, H-18).13C-NMR(100 MHz, C5D5N)數(shù)據(jù)見表1.以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻報道基本一致[12],故鑒定化合物10為6,9-epidioxy-ergosta-7,22-dien-3β-ol.
表1 化合物1~10的13C-NMR數(shù)據(jù)
3結語
通過對靈芝的系統(tǒng)分離,得到10種化合物,分別鑒定為antiquol C(1)、ganoderic acid Y(2)、7-oxo-ganoderic acid Z3(3)、7-oxo-ganoderic acid Z(4)、ganoderic acid B9(5)、ganoderic acid C2(6)、3β,7β-dihydroxy-11,15,23-trioxo-lanost-8,16-dien-26-oic acid(7)、ergosterol(8)、5α, 8α-epidioxyergosta-6, 22-dien-3β-ol(9)、6, 9-epidioxy-ergosta-7,22-dien-3β-ol(10),其中化合物1為首次從該屬植物中分離得到,為進一步研究和開發(fā)該藥物提供了實驗基礎和理論依據(jù).
參考文獻
[1]國家藥典委員會.中國藥典[S]. 一部. 北京:中國醫(yī)藥科技出版社,2010.
[2]張曉云, 楊春海. 靈芝的化學成分和藥理作用[J]. 國外醫(yī)藥: 植物藥分冊, 2006, 21(4): 152-155.
[3]鄧海林, 吳佩穎, 王建新. 靈芝的研究進展[J].時珍國醫(yī)國藥, 2005, 16(2): 141-143.
[4]Akihisa T, Wijeratne E M K, Tokuda H, et al. Eupha-7, 9(11),24-trien-3β-ol(″antiquol c″) and other triterpenes fromEuphorbiaantiquorumlatex and their inhibitory effects on Epstein-Barr virus activation[J]. J Nat Prod, 2002, 65(2): 158-162.
[5]彭惺蓉, 無柄靈芝與反柄紫芝的化學成分及生物活性研究[D]. 昆明:云南農業(yè)大學, 2012:35-40.
[6]Li C, Li Y, Sun H H. New ganoderic acids, bioactive triterpenoid metabolites from the mushroomGanodermalucidum[J]. Nat Prod Res, 2006, 20(11): 985-991.
[7]Kikuchi T, Kanomi S, Kadota S, et al. Constitutents of the FungusGanodermalucidum(FR.) KARST. I.: Structures of ganoderic acids C2, E, I, and K, lucidenic acid F and related compounds[J]. Chem Pharm Bull, 1986, 34(9): 3695-3712.
[8]Hiroshi K, Wakako T, Kiyoe S, et al. The biologically active constituents ofGanodermalucidum(Fr.) Karst. Histamine release-inhibitory triterpenes[J]. Chem Pharm Bull, 1985, 33(4): 1367-1374.
[9]Guan S H, Yang M, Wang X M, et al. Structure elucidation and complete NMR spectral assignments of three new lanostanoid triterpenes with unprecedented Δ16,17double bond fromGanodermalucidum[J]. Magn Reson Chem, 2007, 45(9): 789-791.
[10]劉剛, 王輝, 施偲, 等. 松茸子實體石油醚部位化學成分研究[J]. 中國醫(yī)院藥學雜志, 2014, 34(14): 1180-1183.
[11]萬輝. 褐圓孔牛肝菌化學成分的研究[J]. 中草藥, 2000, 31(5): 328-330.
[12]趙芬, 李曄, 劉超, 等. 硬孔靈芝的化學成分研究[J]. 菌物學報, 2009, 28(3): 407-409.
Chemical Constituents ofGanodermalucidum
ChenYu,LiuLiu,NiuYanfen
(College of Chemistry and Materials Science,South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074,China)
AbstractTo study the chemical constituents ofGanodermalucidum, the constituents were isolated and purified by the silica gel column chromatography, ODS and semi-preparative HPLC.Their structures were elucidated on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic analysis. Ten compounds were isolated fromG.lucidumand identified as: antiquol C (1), ganoderic acid Y (2), 7-oxo-ganoderic acid Z3 (3), 7-oxo-ganoderic acid Z (4), ganoderic acid B9 (5), ganoderic acid C2 (6), 3β,7β-dihydroxy-11,15,23-trioxo-lanost-8,16-dien-26-oic acid (7), ergosterol (8), 5α,8α-epidioxyergosta-6, 22-dien-3β-ol (9), 6,9-epidioxy-ergosta-7,22-dien-3β-ol (10), among them compound 1 was isolated from the genusGanodermafor the first time.
KeywordsGanodermalucidum; chemical constituents; triterpenoids; steroids
收稿日期2015-09-23
作者簡介陳玉(1970-),女,副教授,博士,研究方向:天然藥物化學, E-mail: chenyuwh888@126.com
基金項目國家自然科學基金資助項目(31370379)
中圖分類號R914.4
文獻標識碼A
文章編號1672-4321(2016)02-0010-05