常見介詞的常用意義

汪紅霞　魏孔鵬

【摘要】 介詞是用在名詞，名詞詞組之前，表示詞語之間意義關系的詞類。介詞能和不同的詞搭配，表示不同的意義。本文將總結常見介詞的意義。

【關鍵詞】 介詞 常用意義

【中圖分類號】 G633.41 【文獻標識碼】 A 【文章編號】 1992-7711（2016）06-081-01

介詞是用在名詞，名詞詞組之前，表示詞語之間意義關系的詞類。介詞能和不同的詞搭配，表示不同的意義。本文將總結常見介詞的意義。

1.in

a.在……里面。 eg. Shanghai is a first – tire city in China.

b.表示時間，用在年份、月份、季節(jié)和周之前。eg. He was born in October.

c.在……方面。eg. He does well in English.

d.使用某種材料或使用何種方式。eg. He is doing his homework in pencil./ Whats this in English？

e.表示引起某種情感的原因或理由，常和表示“自滿、喜悅”等的詞連用， 如：delight， glory， take pride， take pleasure等等。eg. He took great pride in his achievements.

2.on

a.在……上，表示平面概念，用在平原，海洋，湖泊等平坦和廣闊的地方。eg. He was born on the farm.

b.表示時間，用在具體的日期或具體的某一天的上午、下午和晚上之前。eg. Magpies make a bridge of their wings so the couple can cross the river to meet on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month.

c.關于， 表示學術性。eg. He is going to make a speech on English literature.

3.at

a.表示空間位置上的一點。一般指較小的地方，像車站，學校，工廠等。eg. I live at 201， Lijiang street. / Who is knocking at the door？

b.在……旁邊， 表示在門、窗、桌等的旁邊。eg. He smiled as he welcomed some customers warmly at the door.

c.常與 be surprised， wonder， weep， be frightened， be shocked， be astonished 等詞連用， 表示因見到或聽到一件事后所產(chǎn)生的某種情感。 eg. The young girl wept at the sad news.

4.of

a.表示所屬關系。 the window of the house， 75% of students

b.表示某種情感，常與glad， fond， proud， vain， afraid ， ashamed， tired 等詞連用，表示原因。 eg. She is proud of her achievements.

c.由 ……組成。 The desk is made of wood.

d.與名詞連用相當于該名詞的形容詞形式。 eg. The speech is important. = The speech is of importance.

5.by

a.靠近， 在……旁邊。 The woman sitting by the window is my friend.

b.用在被動語態(tài)中用來連接動作的發(fā)出者。 eg. The window was cleaned by my mother.

c.憑借某種工具。eg. He went there by bus.

6.with

a.和，同。 eg. He lived with his father.

b.使用。He signed the agreement with the pen.

c.帶有；具有。eg. The restaurant served raw vegetables with hamburgers.

d.隨著。eg. With the development of technology， its much easier for people to keep in touch with each other.

e.與名詞連用， 相當于該名詞的副詞形式。 eg. with amazement = amazedly， with curiosity= curiously

f.表示某種情感的原因， 一般指因外界因素所引起的身體或心理狀態(tài)的變化，常和tremble， weep， cry， jump， shout， angry ， excited 等詞連用。 eg. The little boy trembled with fear.

7.from

a.從…… 開始。 eg. The temperature ranges from 2°c to 5 °c.

b.來自與， 表示出處。 eg. He comes from America.

c.有……制成。 eg. The coat is made from silk.

d.使……免遭；免受。 eg. We should do whatever we do to stop the earth from being polluted.

8.between

a.兩者之間。 eg. divide the apple between Jack and Jim.

b.表示三者和三者以上當中每兩者之間的關系。eg. the relationship between countries.

c.在……中間； 介于……之間。eg. I would sit between Jack and Jim.

9.before 在……之前，即表示時間又表示空間。eg. Before the building， there is a square./ Could you finish it before 8 oclock.

10.after 在……之后，即表示時間又表示空間。 eg. After work， he would have a cup of tea when he worked there.

11.beyond

a.超出。eg. Her beauty is beyond description.

b.在…… 的那一邊。 eg. There is a villa beyond the hill.

12.despite 雖然，盡管。 eg. Despite the bad weather， he came on time.

13.like 像。 eg. He looks like his father.

14.under 在……下面。eg. Under the guidance of my teacher， I have made great progress in English.

15.beside 在…… 旁邊 He is sitting beside me.