劉亮 巨英超 左靜 曲藝 尤殿平
050011 石家莊市,河北醫(yī)科大學(xué)第四醫(yī)院腫瘤研究所流式細(xì)胞室(劉亮、巨英超、左靜);河北省醫(yī)學(xué)情報(bào)研究所(曲藝);河北省衛(wèi)生醫(yī)學(xué)科技發(fā)展研究中心(尤殿平)
?
·論著·
表沒(méi)食子兒茶素沒(méi)食子酸酯調(diào)控食管癌細(xì)胞線(xiàn)粒體膜電位誘導(dǎo)細(xì)胞凋亡作用研究
劉亮巨英超左靜曲藝尤殿平
050011石家莊市,河北醫(yī)科大學(xué)第四醫(yī)院腫瘤研究所流式細(xì)胞室(劉亮、巨英超、左靜);河北省醫(yī)學(xué)情報(bào)研究所(曲藝);河北省衛(wèi)生醫(yī)學(xué)科技發(fā)展研究中心(尤殿平)
【摘要】目的探討表沒(méi)食子兒茶素沒(méi)食子酸酯(epigallocatechin-3-gallate, EGCG)調(diào)控食管癌細(xì)胞Ec9706線(xiàn)粒體膜電位誘導(dǎo)細(xì)胞凋亡作用。方法不同濃度(100、200、300 mg/L) EGCG作用Ec9706細(xì)胞24 h后,Annexin V/PI雙標(biāo)流式細(xì)胞術(shù)方法檢測(cè)細(xì)胞凋亡水平;流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測(cè)細(xì)胞線(xiàn)粒體膜電位;Western Blot 方法檢測(cè)細(xì)胞中Caspase-3蛋白表達(dá)水平,0.9%氯化鈉溶液代替EGCG作為對(duì)照組。結(jié)果100、200、300 mg/L EGCG作用Ec9706細(xì)胞24 h后,與對(duì)照組相比Ec9706細(xì)胞凋亡率顯著增高(P<0.01),300 mg/L EGCG組細(xì)胞凋亡率顯著高于100、200 mg/L EGCG組(P<0.01)。EGCG可顯著降低細(xì)胞線(xiàn)粒體膜電位(P<0.01),且具有劑量依賴(lài)性。western-blot結(jié)果顯示,EGCG組與對(duì)照組相比Caspase-3蛋白表達(dá)水平顯著增高(P<0.05)。結(jié)論EGCG具有誘導(dǎo)食管癌Ec9706細(xì)胞凋亡作用,其作用機(jī)制可能與調(diào)控線(xiàn)粒體膜電位引起內(nèi)源性細(xì)胞凋亡有關(guān)。
【關(guān)鍵詞】表沒(méi)食子兒茶素沒(méi)食子酸酯;食管癌;細(xì)胞凋亡;流式細(xì)胞術(shù)
綠茶具有防癌和抗癌的功效,茶多酚是其起功效的主要成分,表沒(méi)食子兒茶素沒(méi)食子酸酯(epigallocatechin-3-gallate, EGCG)是綠茶提取物中主要的酚類(lèi)化合物。EGCG是從中國(guó)綠茶中提取的一種成分,也是綠茶主要的活性和水溶性成分,是兒茶素中含量最高的組分,占綠茶毛重的9%~13%。研究顯示,EGCG具有清除自由基、抗炎、抗氧化、抗紫外線(xiàn)、預(yù)防心血管疾病等功效[1-4]。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),EGCG2還具有抗腫瘤活性[5-8],引起研究者高度重視,EGCG具有低毒副作用的特點(diǎn),如果能將其開(kāi)發(fā)為抗腫瘤藥物具有廣泛的應(yīng)用前景。食管癌是世界范圍內(nèi)常見(jiàn)的惡性腫瘤,發(fā)病率及病死率較高,河北省是食管癌的高發(fā)區(qū),尤其是邯鄲的磁縣,食管癌發(fā)病和病死率較高,嚴(yán)重威脅了人們的生命健康,多數(shù)就診患者已是中晚期,常規(guī)的手術(shù)及放化療效果不佳,尋找高效低毒的抗食管癌藥物顯得十分重要。本課題探討EGCG是否具有抗食管癌作用,利用食管癌細(xì)胞Ec9706,較系統(tǒng)地研究EGCG調(diào)控Ec9706細(xì)胞線(xiàn)粒體膜電位誘導(dǎo)細(xì)胞凋亡作用機(jī)制,為臨床上尋找高效低毒的抗食管癌藥物提供實(shí)驗(yàn)基礎(chǔ)。
1材料與方法
1.1材料
1.1.1主要試劑及儀器:EGCG購(gòu)自美國(guó)Sigma公司,AnnexinV-FITC/PI雙染檢測(cè)凋亡試劑盒購(gòu)自美國(guó)Beckman Coulter公司,若丹明123(Rhodanmine 123, Rho 123)試劑購(gòu)自solarbio公司,兔抗人Caspase-3抗體購(gòu)自北京中杉金橋公司,胎牛血清購(gòu)自杭州四季青公司。Epics-XL型流式細(xì)胞儀,美國(guó)Beckman Coulter公司。
1.1.2細(xì)胞株:人食管癌Ec9706細(xì)胞株由中國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)院腫瘤醫(yī)院腫瘤研究所分子腫瘤學(xué)國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室惠贈(zèng),本實(shí)驗(yàn)室傳代培養(yǎng)。接種細(xì)胞于含10%胎牛血清的PRMI1640培養(yǎng)基中(補(bǔ)充青霉素、鏈霉素各100 U/L),培養(yǎng)器皿置于37℃含5%CO2的細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)箱中。
1.2方法
1.2.1實(shí)驗(yàn)分組及藥物干預(yù)實(shí)驗(yàn):取對(duì)數(shù)生長(zhǎng)期的Ec9706細(xì)胞1×106接種至細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)瓶中,待細(xì)胞貼壁后,加入不同濃度的EGCG,使終濃度分別達(dá)到0、100、200、300 mg/L,對(duì)照組使用0.9%氯化鈉溶液代替EGCG(0 mg/L EGCG),作用24 h后,收集細(xì)胞,PBS液洗滌2次,300目尼龍網(wǎng)過(guò)濾制備成合格的單細(xì)胞懸液。每組實(shí)驗(yàn)重復(fù)3次。
1.2.2流式細(xì)胞術(shù)方法檢測(cè)細(xì)胞凋亡:取上述制備的單細(xì)胞懸液1 ml(含1×106細(xì)胞)。冷PBS洗滌細(xì)胞1次,100 μl冷1×binding buffer 懸浮細(xì)胞,加入10 μl Annexin V-FITC,冰上避光放置15 min,加入380 μl 1×binding buffer,加入10 μl PI染液冰上避光放置15 min,冷PBS洗滌細(xì)胞1次,1 ml PBS懸浮細(xì)胞后,上流式細(xì)胞儀檢測(cè)。應(yīng)用Expo 32 ADC軟件進(jìn)行免疫熒光數(shù)據(jù)分析,計(jì)算早期細(xì)胞凋亡率及晚期細(xì)胞凋亡率。
1.2.3流式細(xì)胞術(shù)方法檢測(cè)細(xì)胞線(xiàn)粒體膜電位:取上述制備的單細(xì)胞懸液1 ml(含1×106細(xì)胞),冷PBS洗滌細(xì)胞1次,100 μl PBS液懸浮細(xì)胞,加入Rho 123染料,使最終濃度達(dá)到10 μg/ml,在37℃下避光平衡30 min,PBS洗滌細(xì)胞1次后,使用流式細(xì)胞儀檢測(cè)。應(yīng)用Expo 32 ADC軟件進(jìn)行免疫熒光數(shù)據(jù)分析,以平均熒光強(qiáng)度表示細(xì)胞線(xiàn)粒體膜電位水平。
1.2.4western-blot方法檢測(cè)細(xì)胞中Caspase-3蛋白的表達(dá)水平:取上述制備單細(xì)胞懸液,冷PBS洗滌細(xì)胞1次,離心去上清,使用RIPA試劑常規(guī)方法提取細(xì)胞蛋白。取30 μg蛋白與1×上樣緩沖液按1∶4的比例加樣,于8%十二烷基硫酸鈉聚丙烯酰胺凝膠電泳后轉(zhuǎn)移至PVDF膜上。用含5%脫脂奶粉的TTBS液封閉,4℃過(guò)夜,TTBS液洗膜后加Caspase-3一抗(1∶200) 進(jìn)行雜交,再度洗膜后加辣根過(guò)氧化物酶耦聯(lián)的二抗(1∶2 000)進(jìn)行雜交,最后洗膜后加入DAB液進(jìn)行條帶顯色,其中β-actin為內(nèi)參照。對(duì)條帶進(jìn)行掃描,并用Gel-Pro Analyzer 3.1軟件分析條帶的OD,計(jì)算Caspase-3條帶OD/β-actin條帶OD,作為Caspase-3的相對(duì)含量。實(shí)驗(yàn)重復(fù)3次。
2結(jié)果
2.1EGCG作用Ec9706細(xì)胞后細(xì)胞凋亡水平流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測(cè)結(jié)果顯示,不同濃度(100、200、300 mg/L)EGCG作用Ec9706細(xì)胞24h后,細(xì)胞凋亡率分別為(7.01±0.54)%、(15.12±0.98)%、(21.07±1.27)%,與對(duì)照組(0.56±0.08)%相比細(xì)胞凋亡率顯著增高(P<0.01),且具有劑量依賴(lài)性。見(jiàn)圖1、2。
圖1 不同濃度EGCG作用Ec9706細(xì)胞后細(xì)胞凋亡
圖2 4組細(xì)胞凋亡率比較
2.2EGCG作用Ec9706細(xì)胞后細(xì)胞線(xiàn)粒體膜電位水平100、200、300 mg/L EGCG組Ec9706細(xì)胞線(xiàn)粒體膜電位水平分別為(347±16)、(286±22)、(164±17) 與對(duì)照組 (406±12) 相比顯著降低(P<0.01),且隨著EGCG濃度增加,細(xì)胞內(nèi)線(xiàn)粒體膜電位水平也呈現(xiàn)逐漸降低趨勢(shì),且組間比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義 (P<0.01)。見(jiàn)圖3、4。
圖3 不同濃度EGCG作用Ec9706細(xì)胞后細(xì)胞線(xiàn)粒體膜電位水平
圖4EGCG組與對(duì)照組相比,細(xì)胞線(xiàn)粒體膜電位水平顯著降低,且具有劑量依賴(lài)性
2.3EGCG作用Ec9706細(xì)胞后細(xì)胞Caspase-3蛋白表達(dá)水平100、200、300 mg/L EGCG組Ec9706細(xì)胞Caspase-3蛋白表達(dá)量分別為(0.40±0.03)、(0.53±0.06)、(0.68±0.05),與對(duì)照組(0.28±0.05)相比顯著增高(P<0.01),且隨著EGCG濃度增加,細(xì)胞內(nèi)Caspase-3蛋白表達(dá)量也呈現(xiàn)逐漸增高趨勢(shì),且組間比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01)。見(jiàn)圖5、6。
2.4EGCG作用Ec9706細(xì)胞后細(xì)胞凋亡水平與線(xiàn)粒體膜電位水平相關(guān)性分析EGCG作用Ec9706細(xì)胞后細(xì)胞凋亡水平與線(xiàn)粒體膜電位水平呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān)性(pearson相關(guān)系數(shù)=-0.953,P=0.000)。
3討論
綠茶具有防癌作用,本課題主要探討綠茶中主要提取物EGCG抗食管癌作用及其相關(guān)機(jī)制,為臨床上尋找高效、低毒的抗食管癌藥物及為研究EGCG抗癌作用提供實(shí)驗(yàn)基礎(chǔ)。EGCG是茶多酚中最有效的活性成分,屬于兒茶素,EGCG是從中國(guó)綠茶中提取的一種成分,是綠茶主要的活性和水溶性成分,是兒茶素中含量最高的組分,占綠茶毛重的9%~13%。EGCG具有抗菌、抗病毒、抗氧化、抗動(dòng)脈硬化、抗血栓形成、抗血管增生、抗炎及抗腫瘤作用,尤其在抗腫瘤作用方面,目前得到了廣泛的研究。大量的研究顯示了EGCG對(duì)多種腫瘤細(xì)胞具有生長(zhǎng)抑制作用[9-12]或?qū)熕幬锏脑雒糇饔肹13,14]。研究顯示,EGCG抗腫瘤作用機(jī)制多圍繞誘導(dǎo)細(xì)胞凋亡、引起細(xì)胞周期阻滯及誘導(dǎo)細(xì)胞自噬等方面[15-17],而且研究顯示,EGCG對(duì)腫瘤干細(xì)胞也具有生長(zhǎng)抑制作用[18]。EGCG來(lái)源于綠茶,是綠茶的提取物,具有低毒副作用的特點(diǎn),如果能將其開(kāi)發(fā)為光譜的抗腫瘤藥物,將會(huì)具有廣泛的應(yīng)用前景。
圖5 不同濃度EGCG作用Ec9706細(xì)胞后細(xì)胞中Caspase-3蛋白表達(dá)
圖6 4組Caspase-3蛋白表達(dá)量比較
食管癌是世界范圍內(nèi)常見(jiàn)的惡性腫瘤,發(fā)病及病死率較高,我國(guó)食管癌高發(fā),尤其是河北的磁縣及河南的林州食管癌發(fā)病及病死率較高,威脅了人們的生活健康。目前食管癌的常規(guī)治療包括手術(shù)、化療及放療,對(duì)于晚期或不能手術(shù)者,往往選擇放療及化療,目前由于化療藥物的高毒副作用及耐藥的產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重影響了其治療效果,最終導(dǎo)致化療失敗。尋找高效低毒的抗食管癌藥物顯得格外重要。綠茶是人們常用飲品,具有安全無(wú)毒的特點(diǎn),如能將其提取物EGCG用于抗癌藥物具有廣泛的應(yīng)用前景。目前研究顯示,EGCG對(duì)多種腫瘤細(xì)胞具有生長(zhǎng)抑制作用[19,20],但在食管癌中的研究較少,且缺乏系統(tǒng)的機(jī)制研究,本課題通過(guò)觀(guān)察EGCG是否對(duì)Ec9706細(xì)胞線(xiàn)粒體膜電位有影響,研究其是否能夠通過(guò)線(xiàn)粒體膜電位的內(nèi)源性凋亡通路引起食管癌細(xì)胞凋亡,為臨床上食管癌治療提高高效、低毒的抗食管癌藥物提供實(shí)驗(yàn)基礎(chǔ)。
細(xì)胞增殖及細(xì)胞凋亡間的平衡維持著正常細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng),細(xì)胞凋亡的異常往往會(huì)引起細(xì)胞的惡性轉(zhuǎn)化,因此,誘導(dǎo)細(xì)胞凋亡是目前新藥物研發(fā)評(píng)價(jià)藥物療效的主要指標(biāo)。細(xì)胞凋亡途徑包括,外部途徑,通過(guò)胞外信號(hào)激活細(xì)胞內(nèi)的凋亡酶caspase;另一條通路是內(nèi)部途徑,通過(guò)線(xiàn)粒體釋放凋亡酶激活因子激活caspase。內(nèi)源性凋亡途徑是目前研究藥物誘導(dǎo)腫瘤細(xì)胞凋亡常用的途徑[21]。在本實(shí)驗(yàn)中首先觀(guān)察到了EGCG對(duì)食管癌Ec9706細(xì)胞具有誘導(dǎo)細(xì)胞凋亡和直接殺傷作用,這些結(jié)果通過(guò)流式細(xì)胞術(shù)的AnnexinV-PI雙染方法進(jìn)行,可以同時(shí)檢測(cè)到了細(xì)胞凋亡及壞死的細(xì)胞比例,且EGCG對(duì)食管癌Ec9706細(xì)胞誘導(dǎo)凋亡作用具有劑量依賴(lài)性,隨著EGCG濃度的增加,EGCG誘導(dǎo)Ec9706細(xì)胞凋亡率也隨之增加,這樣奠定了EGCG具有抗食管癌作用基礎(chǔ),接下來(lái)進(jìn)一步研究EGCG對(duì)食管癌Ec9706細(xì)胞誘導(dǎo)凋亡的作用機(jī)制。通過(guò)研究細(xì)胞內(nèi)線(xiàn)粒體膜電位的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果,提示,EGCG可以降低細(xì)胞內(nèi)線(xiàn)粒體膜電位,線(xiàn)粒體膜電位的減低可以使誘導(dǎo)細(xì)胞凋亡的因子(如細(xì)胞色素C等)釋放從而激活Caspase-3等蛋白,引起細(xì)胞凋亡,且EGCG降低細(xì)胞內(nèi)線(xiàn)粒體膜電位水平具有EGCG濃度依賴(lài)性,隨著EGCG濃度的增加,EGCG降低Ec9706細(xì)胞內(nèi)線(xiàn)粒體膜電位水平也隨之增加。同時(shí)實(shí)驗(yàn)中也發(fā)現(xiàn),EGCG組Ec9706細(xì)胞中Caspase-3蛋白表達(dá)水平顯著增高,且具有EGCG的濃度依賴(lài)性。這些結(jié)果與線(xiàn)粒體凋亡的內(nèi)源性凋亡途徑因子變化趨勢(shì)一致。
綜合上述的研究結(jié)果,提示,EGCG可以誘導(dǎo)Ec9706細(xì)胞凋亡及直接殺傷細(xì)胞,誘導(dǎo)細(xì)胞凋亡的機(jī)制與降低線(xiàn)粒體膜電位及升高Caspase-3蛋白表達(dá)水平有關(guān)。EGCG具有低毒、價(jià)廉的特點(diǎn),如果能將其開(kāi)發(fā)為抗食管癌藥物,將具有廣泛的應(yīng)用前景。
參考文獻(xiàn)
1Yamamoto Y,Hiyama S,Takase Y,et al.Effects of antioxidants and additional emulsifiers on the stability of emulsified milk fat in the photo/radical oxidation system.J Oleo Sci,2014,63:893-901.
2Moravcova A,Cervinkova Z,Kucera O,et al.Antioxidative effect of epigallocatechin gallate against D-galactosamine-induced injury in primary culture of rat hepatocytes.Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove),2014,57:3-8.
3Lee LS,Kim SH,Kim YB,et al.Quantitative analysis of major constituents in green tea with different plucking periods and their antioxidant activity.Molecules,2014,19:9173-9186.
4Zhang HY,Wang JY,Yao HP.Epigallocatechin-3-gallate attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in human retinal endothelial cells.Int J Ophthalmol,2014,7:408-412.
5Manjegowda CM,Deb G,Limaye AM.Epigallocatechin gallate induces the steady state mRNA levels of pS2 and PR genes in MCF-7 breast cancer cells.Indian J Exp Biol,2014,52:312-316.
6Park S,Kim JH,Hwang YI,et al.Schedule-Dependent Effect of Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate(EGCG) with Paclitaxel on H460 Cells.Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul),2014,76:114-119.
7Zhou DH,Wang X,Feng Q.EGCG enhances the efficacy of cisplatin by downregulating hsa-miR-98-5p in NSCLC A549 cells.Nutr Cancer,2014,66:636-644.
8Mun ST,Bae DH,Ahn WS.Epigallocatechin gallate with photodynamic therapy enhances anti-tumor effects in vivo and in vitro.Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther,2014,11:141-147.
9Liu W,Fan JB,Xu DW,et al.Epigallocatechin-3-gallate protects against tumor necrosis factor alpha induced inhibition of osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells.Exp Biol Med (Maywood),2016,241:658-666.
10Zhou XQ,Xu XN,Li L,et al.Epigallocatechin3gallate inhibits the invasion of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma cells by reversing the hypermethylation status of the RECK gene.Mol Med Rep,2015,12:6031-6036.
11Zapf MA,Kothari AN,Weber CE,et al.Green tea component epigallocatechin-3-gallate decreases expression of osteopontin via a decrease in mRNA half-life in cell lines of metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma.Surgery,2015,158:1039-1047.
12Balasubramanian S,Scharadin TM,Han B,et al.The Bmi-1 helix-turn and ring finger domains are required for Bmi-1 antagonism of (-) epigallocatechin-3-gallate suppression of skin cancer cell survival.Cell Signal,2015,27:1336-1344.
13Hu F,Wei F,Wang Y,et al.EGCG synergizes the therapeutic effect of cisplatin and oxaliplatin through autophagic pathway in human colorectal cancer cells.J Pharmacol Sci,2015,128:27-34.
14Haque A,Rahman MA,Chen ZG,et al.Combination of erlotinib and EGCG induces apoptosis of head and neck cancers through posttranscriptional regulation of Bim and Bcl-2. Apoptosis,2015,20:986-95.
15Zhao H,Xie P,Li X,et al.A prospective phase II trial of EGCG in treatment of acute radiation-induced esophagitis for stage III lung cancer.Radiother Oncol,2015,114:351-356.
16Fang CY,Wu CC,Hsu HY,et al.EGCG inhibits proliferation, invasiveness and tumor growth by up-regulation of adhesion molecules, suppression of gelatinases activity,and induction of apoptosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells.Int J Mol Sci,2015,16:2530-2558.
17Zhang Y,Duan W,Owusu L,et al.Epigallocatechin-3-gallate induces the apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma LM6 cells but not non-cancerous liver cells.Int J Mol Med,2015,35:117-124.
18Li YJ,Wu SL,Lu SM,et al.(-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits nasopharyngeal cancer stem cell self-renewal and migration and reverses the epithelial-mesenchymal transition via NF-κB p65 inactivation.Tumour Biol,2015,36:2747-2761.
19Saldanha SN,Kala R,Tollefsbol TO.Molecular mechanisms for inhibition of colon cancer cells by combined epigenetic-modulatingepigallocatechin gallate and sodium butyrate.Exp Cell Res,2014,324:40-53.
20Wang T,Zhou H,Xie H,et al.Epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits TF and TNF-α expression induced by the anti-β2GPI/β2GPI complex in human THP-1 cells.Int J Mol Med,2014,33:994-1002.
21代志軍,王西京,薛茜,等.半枝蓮含藥血清對(duì)肝癌H22細(xì)胞凋亡及線(xiàn)粒體膜電位的影響.中西醫(yī)結(jié)合學(xué)報(bào),2008,6:821-826.
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate induced Ec9706 cell apoptosis by regulating the mitochondrial transmembrane potential
LIULiang,JUYingchao,ZUOJing,etal.
DepartmentofFCM,ResearchinstituteofOncology,TheFourthHospitalofHebeiMedicalUniversity,Shijiazhuang050011,China
【Abstract】ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of and action mechanism of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in inducing cell apoptosis of esophageal cancer (Ec9706 cell) through regulating mitochondrial transmembrane potential.MethodsThe Ec9706 cells were treated by different doses of EGCG (100,200,300mg/L) for 24h,then the cell apoptosis rates were detected by AnnexinV/PI staining. The mitochondrial transmembrane potential was measured by flow cytometry.Moreover the expression levels of Caspase-3 protein were detected by Western Blot. Normal saline instead of EGCG was used as control group.ResultsAfter Ec9706 cells were treated by different doses of EGCG (100,200,300mg/L) for 24h,the cell apoptosis rates in EGCG groups were significantly increased,as compared with those in control group (P<0.05), moreover, which in 300mg/L EGCG group were significantly higher than those in 100mg/L and 200mg/L EGCG group (P<0.01). EGCG could obviously decrease mitochondrial transmembrane potential (P<0.01),with a dose-dependent manner. The results by Western Blot showed that the expression levels of Caspase-3 protein in EGCG groups were significantly increased,as compared with those in control group (P<0.05).ConclusionEGCG has the effects of inducing Ec9706 cell apoptosis,and its action mechanism may be correlated to regulating mitochondrial transmembrane potential to induce endogenous cell apoptosis.
【Key words】epigallocatechin-3-gallate; esophageal cancer; cell apoptosis; flow cytometry
(收稿日期:2015-10-20)
【中圖分類(lèi)號(hào)】R 735.1
【文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼】A
【文章編號(hào)】1002-7386(2016)10-1457-04
通訊作者:尤殿平,050000河北省衛(wèi)生醫(yī)學(xué)科技發(fā)展研究中心;
doi:10.3969/j.iss n.1002-7386.2016.10.004
項(xiàng)目來(lái)源:河北省醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)研究重點(diǎn)課題(編號(hào):20150345;20160167);河北省普通高等學(xué)校強(qiáng)勢(shì)特色學(xué)科腫瘤學(xué)建設(shè)經(jīng)費(fèi)[冀教高(2005)52號(hào)]
E-mail:quyi9992t@163.com