產(chǎn)油細(xì)菌中的中性酯儲(chǔ)存機(jī)制研究

丁云峰 杭海英 劉平生 葉琛

摘 要：傳統(tǒng)化石燃料的日漸枯竭迫使我們尋找新型可再生清潔能源。與此同時(shí)，隨著大氣中二氧化碳的濃度的日益升高，溫室效應(yīng)越來(lái)越嚴(yán)重。人工構(gòu)建以陽(yáng)光為能源、以二氧化碳為原料合成高能源物質(zhì)長(zhǎng)鏈脂質(zhì)的光合產(chǎn)油菌可以同時(shí)解決這兩個(gè)問(wèn)題。自然界已存在多種光合菌，這些光合菌雖然能夠利用太陽(yáng)光能固定二氧化碳產(chǎn)烴和產(chǎn)脂肪酸，但產(chǎn)率較低。其中一個(gè)關(guān)鍵原因是這些光合菌缺乏有效的脂質(zhì)儲(chǔ)存機(jī)制。首先要研究清楚產(chǎn)油細(xì)菌中的中性酯儲(chǔ)存機(jī)制，發(fā)現(xiàn)構(gòu)建光合菌的基本元件，然后構(gòu)建和優(yōu)化光合產(chǎn)油菌。這里我們選取濁紅球菌Rhodococcus opacus PD630為模式生物進(jìn)行相關(guān)研究。（1）完成了一株高效產(chǎn)油菌的基因組測(cè)序工作，并使用比較基因組學(xué)等生物信息學(xué)技術(shù)比較了其轉(zhuǎn)錄組和蛋白組，找到與脂滴形成的關(guān)鍵蛋白。（2）利用生物化學(xué)、分子生物學(xué)和信息生物學(xué)等多學(xué)科交叉方法，尋找并分析研究對(duì)脂滴形成和動(dòng)態(tài)變化的關(guān)鍵蛋白，例如目前正在研究的SNARE樣蛋白和Dynamin樣蛋白等。（3）將脂滴形成或脂質(zhì)代謝相關(guān)的目標(biāo)基因整合至光合藍(lán)細(xì)菌中。（4）利用Rhodococcus sp.RHA1強(qiáng)大的降解能力有效清除污染物，并將這些污染物轉(zhuǎn)化為甘油三酯作為生物柴油的原料。

關(guān)鍵詞：生物能源 光合產(chǎn)油菌 脂滴

Abstract： We have an urgent need to find regeneration clean energy for the reason of disappearing fossil energy. In the meanwhile， the warm effect became more and more severe because of the increasing CO2 concentration. Constructing a super bacterium that can use sun energy and consuming CO2 can solve these two problems. Although there are many cyanobacteria present in nature， they have very low efficient to convert CO2 to fatty acid. One of the problem is they do not have efficient ability to storage neutral lipid. Thus， we firstly need to investigate the mechanism of neutral lipid storage in oleaginous bacteria， and find the key proteins in this pathway before constructing super bacteria. Here， we select Rhodococcus opacus PD630 as a model system to investigate the neutral lipid storage mechanism.（1）We have sequenced a strain of oleaginous bacterium， and find the key proteins for lipid droplet formation through comparative genomics， transcriptomics， and proteomics. （2）We have fund key proteins involved in lipid droplet formation and dynamic changes， such as SNARE like proteins and Dynamin like proteins using biochemistry， molecular biology， as well as bioinformatics. （3）We are exploring the efficient method to insert lipid metabolism related genes in to cynanobacteria. （4）We have successfully convert the contaminants into neutral lipid using the powerful ability of Rhodococcus sp. RHA1.

Key Words：Biofuel； Oleaginous cyanobacteria； Lipid droplets

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