可燃固體廢棄物的高值化預處理調質和源頭控污機理

袁浩然 廖艷芬 汪小憨 王小波

摘 要：我國可燃固體廢棄物熱處置過程中污染物的排放控制基本停留在過程和末端處理水平，導致固體廢棄物焚燒處理為“先生成、后治理和控制”，導致諸多問題。 由于可燃固體廢棄物是多尺度跨度大、成份復雜多變的復雜混合物，具有組分復雜多變、含水率高、熱值變化幅度大等特點。目前利用較多的可燃固廢的直接焚燒處理導致燃燒不充分、效率低、二次污染嚴重等問題，因此針對可燃固廢多形態(tài)（固態(tài)、液態(tài)、氣態(tài)）高值化轉化再利用技術日益受到關注。開展此類研究需要針對我國可燃固廢高含水率、組分復雜、尺度變化大、熱值多變的特點，研究熱化學、機械、干化、不同成分配比調質等源頭調質模式，分析預處理工藝的系統(tǒng)節(jié)能以及多形態(tài)高值化產(chǎn)物的二次污染排放問題，探索低能耗、低排放、高值化轉化的方法和途徑。 本研究從可燃固廢源頭多形態(tài)（固態(tài)、液態(tài)、氣態(tài)）高值化及控污入手，開展可燃固廢源頭多形態(tài)熱轉化調質、污染物源頭富集表征、生物化學法污染物源頭控制、各元素交替影響規(guī)律等系列研究，以期建立各類形態(tài)下高值化產(chǎn)物的凈化調質方法，獲得可燃固體廢棄物多形態(tài)高值化產(chǎn)物中污染物的富集表征和交互影響規(guī)律，從而探索出可燃固體廢棄物的源頭控污機制，為近零排放能源化利用提供支撐。

關鍵詞：可燃固廢 高值化 預處理 控污

Abstract：Emission control of contaminants during combustible solid waste thermal disposal stays at process and end treatment levels， resulting in solid waste incineration as “early production， later governance and control” issue in our country. Combustible solid waste is a complex mixture of multi-scale， which is usually characterized by variable components， high moisture， high degree of heat value variability and so on. Currently direct incineration of combustible solid waste causes incomplete combustion， low efficiency， secondary pollution and the other issues. Therefore， much research has been being focused on the polymorphic （solid， liquid， gas） high-value conversion and recycling technologies of combustible solid waste. And such research concentrates on characteristics of combustible solid waste， such as high moisture， complex components， high degree of heat value variability and so on. Source-quenched mode research mainly aims at thermal chemical， mechanical， drying， different composition ratio quenching and so on. Energy saving in pretreatment system and secondary pollution emission of multi-form high-value products would be analyzed systematically. And ways and means of low-power， low-emission， high-value conversion must be explored. This project proceeds from the polymorphic （solid， liquid， gas） high-value conversion and pollution control disposal of combustible solid waste. A series of studies will be developed on polymorphic and quenching of combustible solid waste thermal conversion， enrichment characterization of pollutants sources， biochemical control of pollution sources and each element alternating influence rule. Therefore， high-value products quenched purification methods would be established， enrichment characterization of pollutants in enrichment characterization and interact influence rules for combustible solid waste would be obtained， thereby pollution source control mechanisms of combustible solid waste would be explored. And finally the project would provide support for near-zero emission energy utilization.

Key word：Combustible solid waste； high value； pretreatment； pollution control

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