楊銳,索潔,李建鋒,王文政,趙瑾,陶林,楊曉萍
實驗研究
1,25(OH)2D3對Thy-1腎炎大鼠Ki67、mTOR表達的影響
楊銳1,索潔1,李建鋒1,王文政1,趙瑾2,陶林2,楊曉萍3?
目的研究1,25-二羥基維生素D3[1,25(OH)2D3]對Thy-1腎炎模型大鼠Ki67和哺乳動物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)表達的影響,并探討其機制。方法90只清潔級雄性SD大鼠隨機分為對照組、模型組、1,25(OH)2D3組,每組30只。模型組與1,25(OH)2D3組尾靜脈注射抗Thy-1單克隆抗體建立腎炎模型,對照組給予等劑量生理鹽水。建模后,1,25(OH)2D3組給予1,25(OH)2D30.5 μg/d灌胃,連續(xù)給藥21 d,對照組及模型組給予等體積花生油。分別于給藥后第1、3、7、14、21天每組隨機處死6只大鼠,處死前1 d收集24 h尿液進行24 h尿蛋白定量;取各組腎組織標本,經(jīng)HE和PAS染色后進行腎臟病理損害評分,免疫組化法檢測腎組織中Ki67、mTOR表達。結(jié)果模型組和1,25(OH)2D3組大鼠在建模后第1天尿蛋白水平升高,模型組第3天達高峰,至第14天恢復至正常水平,1,25(OH)2D3組大鼠第1、3、7天的尿蛋白水平均低于模型組(P<0.05)。1,25(OH)2D3組大鼠腎組織病理損害程度第3、7天較模型組減輕(P<0.05),Ki67、mTOR蛋白表達水平較模型組降低(P<0.05)。24 h尿蛋白定量,Ki67表達水平,mTOR表達水平及腎組織病理損害評分彼此間均呈正相關(guān)。結(jié)論1,25(OH)2D3可抑制Thy-1腎炎模型大鼠腎小球系膜細胞的增殖,其作用機制可能與減少Ki67、mTOR的表達有關(guān)。
維生素D;蛋白尿;哺乳動物雷帕霉素靶蛋白;Ki67;1,25(OH)2D3;Thy-1腎炎
腎小球腎炎是我國終末期腎臟?。‥SRD)的首要病因,其發(fā)病的中心環(huán)節(jié)是系膜細胞的增殖和細胞外基質(zhì)的異常沉積[1]。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)1,25-二羥基維生素D3[1,25(OH)2D3]可抑制系膜細胞增殖、誘導其凋亡[2]。磷脂酰肌醇-3激酶(PI3K)/蛋白激酶(Akt)/哺乳動物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)信號轉(zhuǎn)導通路的活化可促進細胞的增殖、肥大[3]。然而mTOR信號轉(zhuǎn)導通路在1,25(OH)2D3調(diào)控系膜細胞過程中的作用尚不清楚。本研究擬通過建立Thy-1腎炎大鼠模型,探討1,25(OH)2D3對大鼠腎組織Ki67和mTOR的表達的影響及機制。
1.1 動物及試劑90只清潔級雄性SD大鼠,體質(zhì)量(182.30±13.17)g,購自新疆地方流行性疾病控制中心。抗Thy-1單克隆抗體購自Cedarlane公司。兔抗鼠Ki67單克隆抗體和兔抗鼠mTOR單克隆抗體購自Cell Signaling公司。1, 25(OH)2D3購自上海羅氏制藥有限公司(0.25 μg/粒)?;ㄉ唾徸陨綎|魯花集團有限公司。Envision免疫組化試劑盒、二氨基聯(lián)氨苯(DAB)顯色試劑盒購自北京金橋生物工程有限公司。
1.2 Thy-1腎炎模型制備及干預按隨機數(shù)字表法將90只大鼠分為對照組、模型組、1,25(OH)2D3組,每組30只。各組大鼠適應性喂養(yǎng)1周后,模型組和1,25(OH)2D3組一次性尾靜脈注射抗Thy-1單克隆抗體,注射劑量為25 μL/100 g[4],對照組大鼠給予等劑量生理鹽水。模型建立后1,25(OH)2D3組每日給予1,25(OH)2D30.5 μg溶于1 mL花生油中灌胃,連續(xù)給藥21 d。對照組和模型組灌胃等體積花生油。
1.3 標本收集與處理分別于給藥干預后第1、3、7、14、21天,各組隨機處死動物6只。留取腎組織,經(jīng)4%多聚甲醛固定、石蠟包埋。處死前1 d收集24 h尿液,考馬斯亮藍法進行24 h尿蛋白定量。
1.4 腎組織病理損害觀察將已固定的腎進行組織修復(大小約為1.0 cm×1.0 cm×0.5 cm)、乙醇梯度脫水、二甲苯透明及石蠟包埋后進行切片,厚度約3 μm。蘇木素和伊紅(HE)染色、1%過碘酸溶液和蘇木素(PAS)染色,封片后在光鏡下觀察腎小球系膜細胞和基質(zhì)增生情況,參照人系膜增生性腎炎分級標準進行病理損害程度分級評分[5]。
1.5 Ki67和mTOR表達檢測采用免疫組化二步法,具體操作按Envision檢測試劑盒說明書進行。Ki67抗體工作濃度1∶800,mTOR抗體工作濃度1∶50,以磷酸鹽緩沖液(PBS)代替一抗作為陰性對照,染色后DAB顯色,中性樹膠封片。于高倍鏡下(×400)隨機讀取相對完整的5個腎小球,觀察其染色強度和陽性細胞百分比,以兩者的積分值乘積確定其表達水平[6]。染色強度評分:無色計0分,淡黃色計1分,棕黃色計2分,棕褐色計3分(染色深淺需與背景著色相對比)。陽性細胞百分比評分:陰性計0分,<10%計1分,11%~50%計2分,51%~75%計3分,>75%計4分。
1.6 統(tǒng)計學方法采用SPSS 20.0統(tǒng)計軟件進行數(shù)據(jù)處理,計量資料采用表示,多組間均數(shù)比較采用單因素方差分析,組間多重比較用LSD-t法,相關(guān)性分析采用Pearson相關(guān),P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學意義。
2.1 各組24 h尿蛋白定量結(jié)果模型組大鼠建模后第1天尿蛋白水平升高,第3天達到峰值,均高于同期對照組(P<0.05),至第14天恢復正常水平。1,25(OH)2D3組蛋白尿水平在第1、3、7天低于模型組(P<0.05),見表1。
Tab.1Twenty four hour urinary protein quantitation in each group表1 各組24 h尿蛋白定量結(jié)果(n=6,mg/d,)
Tab.1Twenty four hour urinary protein quantitation in each group表1 各組24 h尿蛋白定量結(jié)果(n=6,mg/d,)
**P<0.01;組內(nèi)比較:A與建模前相比,B與第1天相比,C與第3天相比,D與第7天相比,P<0.05;組間比較:a與對照組相比,b與模型組相比,P<0.05。
組別對照組模型組1,25(OH)2D3組F建模前1.12±0.48 1.10±0.28 0.88±0.27 0.918 1 d 1.03±0.31 3.81±0.82Aa 2.89±0.43Aab 37.821**3 d 1.13±0.40 9.81±0.94ABa 5.20±0.93ABab 178.660**F 0.43 157.27**55.19**-組別對照組模型組1,25(OH)2D3組F 7 d 1.09±0.36 7.76±1.24ABCa 4.92±0.99ABCab 34.808**14 d 1.28±0.56 1.18±0.27BCD 1.52±0.30ABCD 1.191 21 d 1.36±0.60 1.24±0.23BCD 1.63±0.17BCD 2.675
2.2 各組大鼠腎組織病理損害比較對照組大鼠腎組織未見系膜細胞和基質(zhì)增生;模型組可見系膜細胞增生,毛細血管袢受壓嚴重,出現(xiàn)結(jié)節(jié)和團塊狀實性區(qū),部分腎小球出現(xiàn)分葉、硬化和纖維化;1,25(OH)2D3組可見毛細血管袢輕度受壓,系膜寬度未超過毛細血管直徑,呈節(jié)段性分布,見圖1。模型組于建模后第7天系膜細胞增生程度明顯,此后逐漸減弱,1,25(OH)2D3組在第3、7天系膜細胞增生程度較模型組減輕(P<0.05),見表2。
2.3 Ki67和mTOR表達結(jié)果Ki67表達陽性細胞呈棕褐色顆粒狀,位于細胞核,偶見于正常的大鼠腎小球系膜細胞,見圖2。建模后模型組大鼠第1天即出現(xiàn)水平升高,于第3天達到峰值,此后逐漸恢復至正常水平。1,25(OH)2D3組第1、7天腎組織Ki67表達水平較模型組降低(P<0.05),見表3。
Tab.2Comparison of renal pathological damage scores in different groups表2 各組腎組織病理損害評分結(jié)果比較(n=6,分,)
Tab.2Comparison of renal pathological damage scores in different groups表2 各組腎組織病理損害評分結(jié)果比較(n=6,分,)
*P<0.05,**P<0.01;組內(nèi)比較:A與第1天相比,B與第3天相比,C與第7天相比,P<0.05;組間比較:a與對照組相比,b與模型組相比,P<0.05,表3、4同
組別對照組模型組1,25(OH)2D3組F 1 d 0 0.83±0.75a 0.67±0.52a 4.200*3 d 0 1.83±1.17Aa 1.00±0.63ab 15.690**7 d 0 2.50±0.55Aba 1.87±0.75ABab 38.261**F-4.274**5.000**-組別對照組模型組1,25(OH)2D3組F 14 d 0 1.50±1.05Ca 1.00±0.62BCa 7.000**21 d 0 0.83±0.41BCa 0.67±0.54Ca 1.196
Tab.3Comparison expressions of Ki67 in different groups表3 各組腎組織Ki67表達評分比較(n=6,分)
Tab.3Comparison expressions of Ki67 in different groups表3 各組腎組織Ki67表達評分比較(n=6,分)
組別對照組模型組1,25(OH)2D3組F 1 d 0.50±0.32 8.50±2.26a 6.17±1.60ab 45.283**3 d 1.00±0.57 10.0±1.55Aa 9.00±2.68ABa 56.875**7 d 0.67±0.53 6.33±2.25ABa 4.00±1.26ABab 27.700**組別對照組模型組1,25(OH)2D3組F 14 d 0.50±0.47 1.33±0.62BCa 2.17±1.63ABa 8.081**21 d 0.83±0.75 0.50±0.36BC 1.00±0.71ABCa 2.121 F 0.433 49.113**19.538**-
mTOR在系膜細胞中的陽性表達呈巢狀、條索狀或者是彌散分布的棕黃色顆粒,位于細胞核,見圖3。建模后模型組大鼠腎組織mTOR表達水平逐漸升高,于建模后第7天達到峰值,此后逐漸減弱;1, 25(OH)2D3組第3、7、14天mTOR表達水平較模型組降低(P<0.05),見表4。
2.4 各指標相關(guān)性分析24 h尿蛋白定量、Ki67表達水平、mTOR表達水平之間均呈正相關(guān),且3者均與病理損害分級評分呈正相關(guān),見表5。
Tab.4Comparison expression of mTOR in different groups表4 各組腎組織mTOR表達評分比較(n=6,分,)
Tab.4Comparison expression of mTOR in different groups表4 各組腎組織mTOR表達評分比較(n=6,分,)
組別對照組模型組1,25(OH)2D3組F 1 d 0.50±0.30 3.00±0.63a1.83±1.47a9.826**3 d 0.67±0.52 6.50±1.76Aa3.83±1.33Aab27.741**7 d 0.83±0.64 10.33±1.86ABa7.33±1.97ABab51.145**組別對照組模型組1,25(OH)2D3組F 14 d 0.67±0.47 4.17±2.56BCa2.00±1.41BCab6.083*21 d 1.17±0.75 2.00±0.89BCD2.33±0.82C0.552 F 0.605 23.122**15.183**-
Tab.5Relationship between histopathological grading of renal damage,Ki67 and mTOR in glomerular表5 在腎小球中腎組織病理損害分級評分、Ki67、mTOR之間的關(guān)系(r)
Thy-1腎炎模型誘導成功率高,且試驗周期短,已被廣大研究者接受和認可。本研究中,Thy-1腎炎模型從臨床指標和組織學形態(tài)方面均與國內(nèi)外報道一致[7],可滿足研究需要。
系膜細胞是腎小球的固有細胞之一,其異常增殖及繼發(fā)的炎癥介質(zhì)釋放、細胞外基質(zhì)的病理性集聚是導致腎小球硬化、促使各種腎小球腎炎向終末期腎病發(fā)展的中心環(huán)節(jié)。因此,維持系膜細胞增生、肥大與凋亡之間的平衡及改善系膜基質(zhì)代謝是延緩或逆轉(zhuǎn)腎小球硬化的關(guān)鍵。大量研究已經(jīng)證實1,25(OH)2D3可抑制系膜細胞增殖[2,8-9]。本研究立足于此結(jié)論,著重于1,25(OH)2D3對于系膜細胞作用靶點的研究。
本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)模型組大鼠在建模后第1天即出現(xiàn)尿蛋白水平升高,第3天達高峰,至第14天恢復正常水平,這可能與Thy-1腎炎模型有自愈傾向有關(guān)。1,25(OH)2D3組大鼠蛋白尿水平在第1、3、7天均低于模型組,提示1,25(OH)2D3可減少蛋白尿,對腎臟具有保護作用,與Szeto等[10]研究結(jié)果一致。1,25(OH)2D3組大鼠在第3、7天的病理損害改變較模型組明顯減輕,提示1,25(OH)2D3對于Thy-1腎炎的調(diào)控不僅是在減少蛋白尿方面,而且也體現(xiàn)在組織形態(tài)學改變方面。
Ki67作為評價細胞增殖狀態(tài)的一個指標,其表達于除G0期以外的各增殖細胞周期,近年來被廣泛用于測定各種腫瘤的增殖活性,如乳腺癌等[11]。本課題組前期研究發(fā)現(xiàn),在Thy-1大鼠腎炎腎組織系膜細胞中,增殖細胞核抗原(PCNA)的表達明顯增高[12]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,模型組及1,25(OH)2D3組大鼠腎組織系膜細胞中存在Ki67表達增高,提示Ki67及PCNA均可作為大鼠系膜細胞增殖的檢測
指標。1,25(OH)2D3組在第1,7天較模型組Ki67的表達減少,表明1,25(OH)2D3可抑制Ki67的表達,進而抑制系膜增生性腎小球腎炎的進展。
mTOR是細胞存活、增殖及凋亡過程中的關(guān)鍵蛋白,在多種腫瘤細胞中存在mTOR的持續(xù)激活[13]。有研究發(fā)現(xiàn)小鼠狼瘡性腎炎中mTOR表達上調(diào),且系膜細胞的病理性增殖與其相關(guān)[3]。同時已經(jīng)證實1,25(OH)2D3可誘導多種細胞分化并抑制其增殖[14],那么其生物學作用的發(fā)揮是否通過mTOR介導?Regulska等[15]發(fā)現(xiàn)mTOR參與了1,25(OH)2D3及其類似物對神經(jīng)細胞的保護作用。1,25(OH)2D3及其受體可抑制星狀孢子素介導的成骨細胞凋亡,其過程同樣有mTOR的參與[16]。在本研究中,模型組及1,25(OH)2D3組大鼠腎組織中mTOR的表達水平較對照組升高,1,25(OH)2D3組大鼠mTOR的表達在第3、7、14天較模型組降低,且mTOR的表達與細胞周期調(diào)節(jié)蛋白Ki67的表達呈正相關(guān),說明1,25(OH)2D3可抑制mTOR的表達,從而抑制系膜細胞的增殖。至于1,25(OH)2D3抑制mTOR表達的具體機制,尚需從分子生物學方面進行深入研究。
(圖1~3見插頁)
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(2015-03-17收稿 2015-05-23修回)
(本文編輯 胡小寧)
Effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3influence on expressions of Ki67 and mTOR in Thy-1 nephritis model of rat
YANG Rui1,SUO Jie1,LI Jianfeng1,WANG Wenzheng1,ZHAO Jin2,TAO Lin2,YANG Xiaoping3?
1 College of Medicine,Shihezi University,Xinjiang 832000,China;2 Department of Pathology,School of Medicine,Shihezi University;3 Department of Nephrology,the First Affiliated Hospital,School of Medicine,Shihezi University?
ObjectiveTo study the expressions of Ki67 and mTOR in Thy-1 nephritis model of rat who were given 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3[1,25(OH)2D3]and to explore its mechanism.MethodsHealthy male SD rats(n=90)were random?ly divided into three groups:control group,model group,1,25(OH)2D3treatment group(n=30 in each group).Model group and 1,25(OH)2D3treatment group were intravenously injected with anti-Thy1 monoclonal antibody once via tail vein while the control group were administrated with same volume of normal saline through the same route.1,25(OH)2D3were adminis?tratedat 0.5 μg per day intra-gastrically for consecutive 21 days in 1,25(OH)2D3treatment group while equal volume of pea?nut oil were given in control group and model group.Six rats were randomly selected from each group and sacrificed at the 1st,3rd,7th,14thand 21stafter drug intervention.Twenty four hour urine sample were collected in each rat just before it was culled to detect 24-hour urinary protein excretion.Renal tissue samples were harvested and stained with hematoxylin&eo?sin(H&E)and PAS to determine the renal pathological variation and the expressions of mTOR and Ki67 were assessed by immunohistochemistry.ResultsUrine protein begin to be detected at the first day after model was established,peaked at the 3rddays then started dropping until the 14thday when urine sample turned to normal.Urine protein levels were lower in 1, 25(OH)2D3treatment group at the 1st,3rd,7thday after model establishment than those in model group(P<0.05).Compared with model group,the pathological damage of renal tissue in 1,25(OH)2D3treatment group were alleviated at the 3rdand 7thday after model establishment(P<0.05).Expressions of Ki67 and mTOR in 1,25(OH)2D3treatment group were reduced compared with those in model group(P<0.05).Twenty four hour urinary protein and expressions of Ki67 and mTOR as well as renal pathological damage were all positively correlated with each other.Conclusion1,25(OH)2D3can inhibit the proliferation of glomerular mesangial cells in Thy-1 nephritis model of rat.And its therapeutic mechanism may be associated with down reg?
vitamin D;proteinuria;mTOR;Ki67;1,25(OH)2D3;Thy-1 nephritis
R692
A
10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.10.007
國家自然科學基金資助項目(81160090)
1新疆石河子大學醫(yī)學院(郵編832000);2新疆石河子大學醫(yī)學院病理教研室;3新疆石河子大學醫(yī)學院第一附屬醫(yī)院腎病科
楊銳(1988),男,碩士研究生,主要從事腎小球疾病及其發(fā)病機制研究
?通訊作者E-mail:sbkyxp@163.com
ulating expressions of Ki67 and mTOR.