刊首語

刊首語

去年9月，我曾參加在巴塞羅那舉辦的第8屆國際景觀雙年展（8th International Biennial of Landscape Architecture），在3天的論壇和討論期間，最重要的議程是評選羅莎-芭芭景觀獎（Rosa Barba International Landscape Prize）。11位來自世界各地入圍該獎的主持設(shè)計師分別登臺介紹設(shè)計，在此基礎(chǔ)上，評委會評選出最終的獲勝方案。羅莎-芭芭景觀獎只有10余年的歷史，最早主要面向加泰羅尼亞地區(qū)的設(shè)計師，后來成為全歐洲的景觀獎，現(xiàn)在已是國際重要的景觀獎。

進(jìn)入21世紀(jì)以來，世界范圍內(nèi)涌現(xiàn)出許多新的景觀獎，羅莎-芭芭景觀獎只是其中之一。10余年以來，由于中國社會的快速發(fā)展，每個行業(yè)都取得了飛速的提高，評獎成為推動行業(yè)繁榮和進(jìn)步的重要手段，許多風(fēng)景園林獎應(yīng)運(yùn)而生，再加上以往的各種獎項，并且國際上的許多風(fēng)景園林獎也對中國設(shè)計師開放，于是風(fēng)景園林評獎有些遍地開花之感。

目前世界上有數(shù)不勝數(shù)的各種風(fēng)景園林獎，幾乎每個國際組織、國家專業(yè)學(xué)會、地方專業(yè)學(xué)會，都設(shè)有相應(yīng)的獎項，有些媒體也設(shè)有專業(yè)獎項。這些獎項設(shè)置的目的都是表彰在一定范圍內(nèi)的優(yōu)秀設(shè)計、杰出團(tuán)隊或個人，以此對行業(yè)的發(fā)展起到示范和激勵作用，從而推動行業(yè)沿著正確的軌跡發(fā)展。

那么什么是杰出設(shè)計？哪些設(shè)計具有示范作用？誰是杰出設(shè)計師？哪些設(shè)計師的思想能夠引領(lǐng)行業(yè)發(fā)展？每個獎項由于創(chuàng)立者和組織者價值取向的差異和對景觀認(rèn)識的不同，對評獎中這些關(guān)鍵問題會有不同的答案，這種差異往往會決定一個獎項的價值和影響力。

風(fēng)景園林實踐已滲透到各個領(lǐng)域，設(shè)計團(tuán)隊必須具有全面綜合的能力，而任何獎項都不可能包羅萬象，所以許多獎項都會特別關(guān)注作品或設(shè)計師在某些方面的突出貢獻(xiàn)。有些獎項看重設(shè)計師的才智和想象力，有些更關(guān)注設(shè)計師的責(zé)任和解決問題的能力，有些鼓勵設(shè)計的探索、獨特見解和創(chuàng)新，有些注重生態(tài)環(huán)保和可持續(xù)，有些重視作品的藝術(shù)品質(zhì)，有些要歷史傳承，有些必須挑戰(zhàn)固有觀念和權(quán)威。所以即使是最完善最全面的作品，也不可能囊括所有的獎項，經(jīng)常是在一個獎項中的獲獎作品，而在申請另一個獎項時可能都無法入圍。

評獎不僅可以鞏固當(dāng)前一些杰出設(shè)計師的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位，更會發(fā)掘一些新人，促進(jìn)新生代設(shè)計師的成長。獲獎作品可以提升知名度，獲獎設(shè)計師也能擴(kuò)大影響，從而獲得更多的機(jī)會，所以報獎是設(shè)計師最重要的工作之一，獲獎也是設(shè)計師最重要的目標(biāo)之一。

獲獎作品或獲獎設(shè)計師應(yīng)該也必須是這個獎項所有申請中最為出色的，但是任何獎都是由人來評出的，一些偶然因素在評獎中往往不能回避，評審程序和評獎方式怎樣？評委是誰？他們的眼界如何？他們能否慧眼識珠？他們是否客觀公正？有否私利？這些都會影響甚至顛覆最終的結(jié)果。沒有人會否認(rèn)，換一批評委，最終的評選結(jié)果就有可能不同。

這些年我們的設(shè)計作品申請過不少國內(nèi)外風(fēng)景園林的獎項，有成功也有失??；作為評委，我也參評過一些獎項，最終結(jié)果有些與我的投票一致，有些又相差甚遠(yuǎn)；我還參加過一些風(fēng)景園林獎項的頒獎典禮，有些獲獎作品眾望所歸，而有些則名不副實；我也實地考察過無數(shù)曾經(jīng)獲得過重要獎項的景觀作品，有些讓我贊嘆，也有一些讓我極度失望。如果一個獎項沒有廣泛的參與，評出的獲獎作品大多是沒有思想，缺少原創(chuàng)，缺乏探索，不能被行業(yè)普遍認(rèn)同的平庸之作，那么這種獎必然會失去示范性和影響力，失去大家的關(guān)注，要么不可持續(xù)，要么淪為一個小圈子內(nèi)自娛自樂的游戲。

重要的獲獎作品可能對行業(yè)產(chǎn)生廣泛的示范和引領(lǐng)作用，獲獎設(shè)計師的思想和觀念也可能會極大地影響行業(yè)的發(fā)展，所以任何獎項的評獎結(jié)果都極為重要。只有通過純粹的專業(yè)性評選出最出色的設(shè)計作品和設(shè)計師，才能讓一個獎項具有廣泛的權(quán)威性和良好的口碑，并以其主導(dǎo)的價值觀正面地引導(dǎo)行業(yè)發(fā)展，前面提到的羅莎-芭芭景觀獎之所以能在10年間從一個地區(qū)的獎項成長為一個具有廣泛影響的世界級獎項，正是由于每一屆羅莎-芭芭景觀獎都評出了最杰出的作品。

2015年，中國勘察設(shè)計協(xié)會園林與景觀設(shè)計分會新設(shè)立了“計成獎”，本期《風(fēng)景園林》選登部分獲獎作品，希望“計成獎”也能夠成為引領(lǐng)行業(yè)發(fā)展的重要獎項。

PREFACE

Last September， I attended the 8th International Biennial of Landscape Architecture in Barcelona. We decided on the Rosa Barba International Landscape Prize through three days discussion. There were eleven chief designers from all over the world presenting their works， and then the jury selected the final winning work. Rosa Barba International Landscape Prize is more than 10 years of history. Initially， it only focused on the designers of the Catalonia region and gradually became a landscape award over Europe. Now， it is a global significant landscape award.

Since the 21st century， various landscape awards have sprung up around the world， Rosa Barba International Landscape Prize is one of them. In the ten years， with rapid development of China，every industry grows fast. Providing a prize becomes an important mean to promote the progress of industry， so it is with landscape architecture. Moreover， some international landscape prizes are also open to Chinese designers. In this way， quite a lot landscape architecture awards suddenly appear in China.

Currently， almost each international organization， each national professional association or local specialist association grant their own awards， even the media also has professional awards. Setting award aims to recognize excellent design， the outstanding team or individuals in a particular field. Award plays the role of a model and demonstrates the development of the industry.

What is the excellent design？ How to be a model let others learn and for reference？ Who is the outstanding designer， and how to lead the industry for further development？ For the judges， the value orientation differences and the understanding differences towards the landscape always easily result in the different answers to these questions， which finally determine the influences and the value of the award.

Landscape architecture project would relate with many fields. It requires the design team have a more comprehensive ability，but it still cannot be all-encompassing for any of awards. That's why we provide a prize awarded normally for one very special advantage or reward the outstanding contributions made by someone. For example， some awards given to who is ingenious and creative thinking； some require problem solving skills； some should emphasize eco-friendly design and its sustainability； and some only focus on aesthetics and artistic characters of the work. It is impossible for one design work to include all of the awards. Often you gain this， but lose another prize.

Providing a prize would consolidate the current designer's leadership and discover new talents to promote the growth of new generation designers. Besides， award-winning designers would win influences and more job opportunities， and help its works improve recognition. Thus， attending competitions and winning the award are crucial for all the designers to improve themselves.

Absolutely， the award-winning work and its designer should be and must be the best among groups. However， the winner work is still chosen and decided by human. More exactly， is approval and assessment procedure very reasonable？ Are all the judges eligible，and really objective and fair？ All the issues mentioned would affect the result. No one would deny that， the final result could be different if we change a new jury.

To be honest， I have attended many landscape competitions. Some of our team-works win and some fail. I am also honored to be judge in many Landscape Awards. In some case， the awardwinning work is exactly what I decide but sometimes the result also surprises me much. To brief， if an award is not widely participation， it must be hard to select a real outstanding work and the winning designer is hard to generally recognize by the industry. This award is bound to lose influence， lose public attentions or unsustainable.

To distinctly be categorized as an 'Award'， there should be a clear process of nominations， award criteria and appropriate judging process， which is very important. The award-winning work will be a model which plays the leading role in the industry. The designer's thoughts and ideas may greatly influence the development of industry. Meanwhile， it would bring influence，public attentions and good reputation to an “Award”. The Rosa Barba International Landscape Prize I raised at the beginning is a good example. They make effort to pick out the real excellence in a certain field every time. That's why the Rosa Barba Prize grows to a world-level prize within 10 years.

In 2015， China Exploration and Design Association of Landscape Design set their “2015 Annual Awards”， which is featured in this issue of Landscape Architecture. Hopefully，China Exploration and Design Association of Landscape Design Annual Awards would be an influential award leading industry development.

WANG Xiang-rong September 18， 2015