重慶與匈牙利佩斯州：旅游之都，友誠(chéng)之城

□ 文/何琴

重慶與匈牙利佩斯州：旅游之都，友誠(chéng)之城

□ 文/何琴

城市簡(jiǎn)介

匈牙利，位于歐洲內(nèi)陸中部，以特有的風(fēng)景聞名于世。其建筑壯美、溫泉遍布、氣候四季分明，獨(dú)特的自然景觀和人文景觀使匈牙利成為旅游大國(guó)。截至2012年6月，中國(guó)赴匈牙利旅游人數(shù)增長(zhǎng)迅速，增幅達(dá)37.8%，匈牙利已成為中國(guó)游客赴歐旅游新興目的地。

匈牙利是世界十大旅游國(guó)之一，也是歐洲的申根國(guó)家之一。歐盟“申根國(guó)家體系”規(guī)定，游客僅需取得一個(gè)申根國(guó)家的簽證，在允許的時(shí)限內(nèi)即可在歐盟其他“申根國(guó)家”短期停留而無(wú)需重新辦理簽證。簽證范圍包括旅游、探親、留學(xué)、商務(wù)等。

佩斯州是匈牙利中部的一個(gè)州，其首府為布達(dá)佩斯。佩斯州是第七個(gè)與重慶建立友好市州關(guān)系的歐洲州府。匈牙利駐重慶總領(lǐng)事館是重慶目前唯一具有因私自主辦理簽證權(quán)的歐洲國(guó)家領(lǐng)事機(jī)構(gòu)。重慶市與佩斯州在區(qū)位優(yōu)勢(shì)、產(chǎn)業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)諸多方面有相似之處，經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展有很強(qiáng)的互補(bǔ)性，締結(jié)為友好市州關(guān)系，促進(jìn)了雙方在經(jīng)貿(mào)、文化、科技、教育等領(lǐng)域的交流與合作，有利于提升重慶的國(guó)際知名度和推動(dòng)內(nèi)陸開(kāi)放高地建設(shè)。

外事知識(shí)

簽證外交

簽證是一國(guó)出入境管理機(jī)構(gòu)（例如移民局或其駐外使領(lǐng)館）對(duì)外國(guó)公民表示批準(zhǔn)入境所簽發(fā)的一種文件。簽證外交是指在一個(gè)主權(quán)國(guó)家的主權(quán)機(jī)關(guān)通過(guò)發(fā)放和拒發(fā)簽證來(lái)影響另一國(guó)的政策的外交行為。簽證外交在歐洲展現(xiàn)了地緣政治塑造的功能，在美國(guó)體現(xiàn)為簽證制裁，在中國(guó)體現(xiàn)了國(guó)家力量及情懷。

簽證外交的發(fā)展，可以推動(dòng)簽證便利化。當(dāng)前，在“一帶一路”帶動(dòng)下，中國(guó)和眾多國(guó)家的合作將不斷加深。盡快打通“一帶一路”的經(jīng)絡(luò)，解決國(guó)家間“不聯(lián)不通，聯(lián)而不通，通而不暢”的問(wèn)題，是形勢(shì)發(fā)展的必然需求。伴隨著簽證便利化的不斷推進(jìn)，未來(lái)將有越來(lái)越多的中國(guó)公民和企業(yè)“走出去”，也會(huì)有越來(lái)越多的外國(guó)公民和企業(yè)被“引進(jìn)來(lái)”。

旅游外交

外交是指政府間的外交行為和過(guò)程，其目的在于通過(guò)和平的方式來(lái)宣傳外交政策和實(shí)現(xiàn)外交目標(biāo)。旅游外交是指基于國(guó)與國(guó)之間的游客互動(dòng)而產(chǎn)生的一種外交行為，目的是通過(guò)國(guó)家間游客的往來(lái)、保護(hù)本國(guó)游客在他國(guó)的合法權(quán)益及推動(dòng)國(guó)際旅游產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展，進(jìn)而增強(qiáng)國(guó)家間人民的相互了解和交流，最終為實(shí)現(xiàn)世界的和平發(fā)展做出貢獻(xiàn)。

旅游外交登上國(guó)際舞臺(tái)的前提是旅游產(chǎn)業(yè)的大發(fā)展。旅游國(guó)際交流將直接帶動(dòng)金融、貿(mào)易、交通、等多個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域發(fā)展。旅游外交不僅有服務(wù)國(guó)家整體外交的一面，還有其自身的獨(dú)立性。在雙邊關(guān)系良好時(shí)，旅游交往可以成為發(fā)展國(guó)家關(guān)系的加速器；在雙邊關(guān)系不暢時(shí)，旅游交往可以成為改善國(guó)家關(guān)系的潤(rùn)滑劑；在雙邊尚無(wú)正式外交關(guān)系時(shí)，可以先行開(kāi)展旅游交往，使民眾交往成為國(guó)家關(guān)系正常化的導(dǎo)航器。旅游與外交的融合發(fā)展，有利于打造多渠道、多向度的傳播模式，有利于向世界立體式地描繪中國(guó)形象。

外事案列

匈牙利駐重慶總領(lǐng)館開(kāi)館

2010年2月4日，匈牙利共和國(guó)駐重慶總領(lǐng)事館開(kāi)館儀式在重慶萬(wàn)豪酒店舉行。匈牙利共和國(guó)外交部部長(zhǎng)鮑拉日·彼得與重慶市委副書(shū)記張軒共同為領(lǐng)事館揭牌。匈牙利之所以選擇在重慶設(shè)館，是因?yàn)閷?duì)重慶的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展有著強(qiáng)烈興趣，相信重慶未來(lái)有許多潛在的機(jī)遇。

自中匈建交以來(lái)，兩國(guó)在各個(gè)領(lǐng)域不斷發(fā)展友好關(guān)系，尤其是經(jīng)貿(mào)方面的交流合作持續(xù)加強(qiáng)。匈牙利駐重慶總領(lǐng)事館領(lǐng)區(qū)范圍覆蓋重慶、四川、云南、貴州、陜西、甘肅等整個(gè)西部地區(qū)。該領(lǐng)事館成為了重慶及中國(guó)西部與匈牙利乃至整個(gè)歐盟溝通的橋梁。

匈牙利屬于申根國(guó)家，因此游客只需在重慶辦理好匈牙利頒發(fā)的申根簽證，就可到奧地利、比利時(shí)、丹麥、芬蘭、法國(guó)、德國(guó)、冰島、意大利等其他申根國(guó)家旅游，而無(wú)需再申請(qǐng)其他申根國(guó)家的簽證。匈牙利在重慶總領(lǐng)事館開(kāi)館，增加了重慶與匈牙利佩斯州的聯(lián)系，也增強(qiáng)了中國(guó)與匈牙利的友好關(guān)系，進(jìn)而拉近了中國(guó)與歐洲各國(guó)的距離。

重慶市與匈牙利加強(qiáng)旅游交流與合作

近期，重慶市旅游局與匈牙利駐渝總領(lǐng)館就旅游客源互送和旅游項(xiàng)目開(kāi)發(fā)進(jìn)行了深入探討，2015年雙方將從以下五個(gè)方面加強(qiáng)交流與合作：

一是以雙方溫泉資源特色為載體，互送客源，互利合作。

二是加強(qiáng)兩地旅行社合作，爭(zhēng)取更多的匈牙利本地游客來(lái)渝旅游。

三是市旅游局定期與重慶駐外領(lǐng)事機(jī)構(gòu)開(kāi)展體驗(yàn)重慶旅游活動(dòng)，做好計(jì)劃，形成制度。

四是市旅游局向匈牙利提供重慶溫泉等方面的投資項(xiàng)目，并組織重慶企業(yè)赴匈牙利考察投資，雙方合作加強(qiáng)旅游設(shè)施建設(shè)，開(kāi)發(fā)更多的旅游產(chǎn)品。

五是雙方加強(qiáng)文化交流，以川外“重慶國(guó)際交流與合作研究中心”為依托，加強(qiáng)重慶與匈牙利間關(guān)于教育、導(dǎo)游、語(yǔ)言、文化、培訓(xùn)方面的合作研究，盡快召開(kāi)一次重慶與匈牙利國(guó)際交流與合作會(huì)議，研討雙邊旅游合作與發(fā)展。

重慶市旅游局與匈牙利駐渝總領(lǐng)館的這一舉措，正是出于對(duì)旅游外交的深入理解與實(shí)踐，做出的符合雙方利益的決定。這五個(gè)方面的交流與合作，將促進(jìn)重慶與匈牙利旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展，鞏固重慶與佩斯州的友好市州關(guān)系。

延伸閱讀

雙城寫(xiě)意在重慶召開(kāi)溫泉詩(shī)歌酒會(huì)

2012年12月14日，重慶布達(dá)佩斯世界溫泉之都雙城記寫(xiě)意—溫泉詩(shī)歌文化酒會(huì)在重慶融匯溫泉城舉辦。匈牙利共和國(guó)駐重慶總領(lǐng)事館總領(lǐng)事海博、重慶市旅游局副局長(zhǎng)秦定波、柬埔寨王國(guó)駐重慶總領(lǐng)事館、丹麥王國(guó)駐重慶領(lǐng)事館代表、重慶文化藝術(shù)界等知名人士出席了酒會(huì)。

酒會(huì)在優(yōu)雅的音樂(lè)中開(kāi)始，以“詩(shī)歌攝影”為主題，通過(guò)一幅幅精美生動(dòng)的攝影作品，讓現(xiàn)場(chǎng)觀眾了解了重慶和布達(dá)佩斯的溫泉文化、兩地美食、人文建筑等。

來(lái)自匈牙利布達(dá)佩斯及重慶的著名詩(shī)人和藝術(shù)家現(xiàn)場(chǎng)朗誦了溫泉主題詩(shī)歌。匈牙利共和國(guó)駐重慶總領(lǐng)事海博說(shuō)，重慶獲得全球首個(gè)“世界溫泉之都”桂冠，匈牙利也被譽(yù)為浮在“溫泉海”上的國(guó)度，布達(dá)佩斯更是世界著名的“溫泉之都”；在重慶舉辦此次酒會(huì)，有著非常特殊的意義。

重慶和布達(dá)佩斯這兩個(gè)溫泉之都的交流，推進(jìn)了雙方旅游事業(yè)發(fā)展，使更多中國(guó)游客對(duì)布達(dá)佩斯有了進(jìn)一步了解，也有助于讓更多匈牙利游客走進(jìn)重慶、認(rèn)識(shí)重慶，便于兩地旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展。

● 作者為四川外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)國(guó)際關(guān)系學(xué)院碩士研究生

Introduction of Hungary Pest Megye

Hungary, located in the middle of the continent of Europe, which is famous for its unique landscape. It has spectacular buildings, hot springs around and four-season climate; it has becoming a big tourism country for its unique natural and cultural landscapes. By June 2012, the number of Chinese tourists to Hungary had grown rapidly, and it had an increase of 37.8%. Hungary has becoming a new tourism destination for Chinese tourists.

Hungary is one of the world's ten largest tourism countries, but also one of the Schengen countries of Europe. EU's "Schengen states system" provides that visitors may have shortterm stays during the allowed time to the rest of the EU Schengen countries as long as they obtain a visa of the Schengen countries, without the need to re-apply for new visas. Visas include tourism, visiting relatives, overseas study, and business and so forth.

Pest is a state in central Hungary, and its capital is Budapest. Pest megye is the seventh state capital of Europe to establish friendly relations with the city of Chongqing. Consulate General of Hungary in Chongqing is so far the only European consular in Chongqing that has the rights for private visas. Chongqing and Pest megye have many similarities in location advantage and industrial organizations, and one’s economic development is strongly complementary to the others. The establishment of sister city relations of the two sides promoted exchanges and cooperation in the fields of economy and trade, culture, science and technology, education and other, which was conducive to the improvement of Chongqing's international reputation and promote the construction of inland open highland.

Knowledge of Foreign Affairs

Visa Diplomacy

Visa is a document issued by a country’s immigration authority (such as immigrations or the embassies and consulates) to foreign citizens approving their entry. Visa diplomacy means that the sovereign authority of a sovereign state influences other country's diplomatic policies through the issuance and denial of issuing visas. Visa diplomacy demonstrates the shaping function of geopolitical in Europe, reflects visa sanctions in the US, and shows the state power and feelings in China.

The development of visa diplomacy can promote visa facilitation. Currently, driven by “One Belt One Road", cooperation between China and many countries will continue to deepen. It is the inevitable requirement of the development of the situation to open up the meridians of "One Belt One Road" as soon as possible, and solve the problem that "not linked and not navigable, linked but not navigable, navigable but not smooth". With the continuous progress of visa facilitation, in the future, there will be more and more Chinese citizens and enterprises "going out", and more and more foreign citizens and companies will be "brought in."

Tourism Diplomacy

Diplomacy refers to intergovernmental diplomatic behavior and process, which aims to achieve the government’s foreign policy and diplomatic goals through peaceful means. Tourism diplomacy refers to a diplomatic behavior based on the interaction between visitors among countries, with the aim of enhancing people’s mutual understandings and exchanges between countries, and ultimately to contribute to world peace and development through tourists exchanges, and protect tourists’legitimate rights in other country and further to promote the development of the international tourism industry.

The great development of the tourism industry is the premise fo tourism diplomacy going on the international stage. International tourism exchanges will directly contribute to the development of many economic sectors such as transportation, trade finance. Tourism diplomacy has the function to service a country's overal foreign diplomacy, it also has its own independence. When the bilatera relations are good, tourism exchanges can become an accelerator for the development of state relations; when bilateral relations are not smooth tourism exchanges can become the lubricant to improve relations; when there are no formal bilateral diplomatic relations, countries can carry ou tourism exchanges first, which makes it possible that people’s exchanges can become the navigator for the normalization of state relations. The integration development of tourism and diplomacy is conducive to build a multi channel, multi-dimension transmission mode, which is also conducive to draw multi-dimensional picture of the image o China to the world.

Cases

The Opening of Consulate General of Hungary in Chongqing

On February 4, 2010, the opening ceremony of Consulate General of the Republic of Hungary in Chongqing was held at Marriott Hotel in Chongqing. Baraz Peter, the Hungarian Republic Foreign Minister and Zhang Xuan, Deputy Secretary of the Chongqing Municipal Committee jointly inaugurated the Consulate General. Hungary chose to set up consulate in Chongqing because of its strong interest in the economic development of Chongqing, believing that Chongqing would have many potential opportunities in the future.

Since the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Hungary, the two countries developed friendly relations in various fi elds all the time, especially the exchanges and cooperation in economy and trade had continuous strengthening. Consulate General of Hungary in Chongqing covered the entire western region of China. The Consulate has becoming a bridge between Chongqing and even the west o China and Hungary and even all the European Union.

Hungary belongs to the Schengen countries. In Chongqing, as long as get the visa issued by Hungary visitors can go to Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, FranceGermany, Iceland, Italy and other Schengen countries to travel, and without the need to apply for other country's visas. The opening of the Consulate increased the connections between Chongqing and Hungary, but also enhanced the friendships between China and Hungary, and shortened the distance between China and European countries.

Chongqing and Hungary Strengthening Tourism Exchanges and Cooperation

Chongqing Municipal Tourism Bureau and Consulate General of Hungary in Chongqing had in-depth study on tourists’ transmissions and the development of tourism projects; in 2015 the two parties would strengthen exchanges and cooperation in the following fi ve aspects.

First, the two sides would see hot spring resources characteristics as the carrier, and send tourists to the other, having mutual benefi cial cooperation.

Second, the two sides would strengthen cooperation between travel agencies of the two countries, to get more Hungary tourists travel in Chongqing.

Third, Chongqing Municipal Tourism Bureau and Chongqing consular agencies regularly carry out the activities of experience Chongqing tourism; they should make good planning and form system.

Fourth, Chongqing Municipal Tourism Bureau would provide Hungary with Chongqing hot springs and other investment projects, and organize Chongqing enterprises to inspect and invest in Hungary. The two sides would cooperate to strengthen the construction of tourism facilities, and develop more tourism products.

The fifth is both sides would strengthen cultural exchanges, relying on SISU "Chongqing International Exchange and Cooperative Research Centre”, strengthen cooperation and research between Chongqing and Hungary on education, tour guide, language, culture, training, and convene a conference on the international exchanges and cooperation between Chongqing and Hungary as soon as possible to discuss bilateral tourism cooperation and development.

These measures were out of a deep understanding and practice of tourism diplomacy, and in accordance with the interests of both sides. These five aspects of exchanges and cooperation will promote the tourism development of Chongqing and Hungary, consolidate their sister city relationship.

Further Reading

Two Cities Hold A Hot Spring Poetry Reception in Chongqing

On December 14, 2012, Chongqing Budapest hot springs poetry culture reception was held in Chongqing Ronghui hot spring city. Hajba Tamás, the general consul of Consulate General of Hungary in Chongqing, and Qin Dingbo, the deputy director of Chongqing Municipal Tourism Bureau, and the representatives of Consulate General of the Kingdom of Cambodia in Chongqing, the Kingdom of Denmark Consulate in Chongqing, famous people in culture and arts sectors and other celebrities in Chongqing attended the reception.

At 7:30 pm, the reception began in the elegant music, the theme was "poetry photography", through beautiful and vivid photographs, the audiences understood the hot springs, the foods, cultural architecture, etc. in Chongqing and Budapest.

Famous poets and artists from Budapest and Chongqing read hot spring theme poems. Hajba Tamás said that Chongqing gets the world's fi rst "world hot spring capital" title, Hungary is also known as a country floating on "hot spring sea", and Budapest is the world famous "hot spring capital" ; the reception held in Chongqing has a very special meaning.

The exchanges of Chongqing and Budapest- the two hot spring capitals promoted the development of both sides of the tourism industry, so that more Chinese tourists had a further understanding of Budapest, but also help to make more Hungarian tourists come into Chongqing, to develop the tourism industry of the two sides.

● By post-graduate student of School of International Relations, Sichuan International Studies University

Chongqing and Hungary Pest Megye: Capitals of Tourism, Cities of Friendship

□ Written by He Qin