常 青,王麗梅,黑常春,蔡玉芳,吳 凱,孔 斌,朱萬平,沈新生,趙承軍*
(寧夏醫(yī)科大學 基礎(chǔ)醫(yī)學院 1.人體解剖與組織胚胎學系; 2.生育力保持教育部重點實驗室;3.寧夏生殖與遺傳重點實驗室,寧夏 銀川 750004)
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研究論文
雙氫睪酮調(diào)節(jié)原代培養(yǎng)大鼠Sertoli細胞GDNF的表達
常 青1,2,3,王麗梅1,黑常春1,2,3,蔡玉芳1,2,3,吳 凱1,孔 斌1,朱萬平1,沈新生1,趙承軍1*
(寧夏醫(yī)科大學 基礎(chǔ)醫(yī)學院 1.人體解剖與組織胚胎學系; 2.生育力保持教育部重點實驗室;3.寧夏生殖與遺傳重點實驗室,寧夏 銀川 750004)
目的觀察雙氫睪酮對原代培養(yǎng)大鼠Sertoli細胞GDNF及相關(guān)細胞信號通路關(guān)鍵蛋白的表達,探討Sertoli細胞GDNF表達調(diào)控的機制。方法原代培養(yǎng)出生后20 d大鼠Sertoli細胞,給予雙氫睪酮干預(yù),免疫熒光檢測GDNF在細胞中定位和表達強度,Western blot檢測GDNF,ERK和CREB蛋白的表達及磷酸化情況,并用ERK和cAMP/PKA信號通路抑制劑干預(yù)。結(jié)果GDNF表達在Sertoli細胞質(zhì)中,雙氫睪酮干預(yù)可增加GDNF的表達(P<0.05),并使ERK和CREB磷酸化水平增高(P<0.05),使用ERK和cAMP/PKA信號通路抑制劑可減低雙氫睪酮誘導的GDNF表達(P<0.05)。結(jié)論雙氫睪酮通過激活ERK信號通路誘導Sertoli細胞GDNF的表達。
雙氫睪酮;Sertoli細胞;GDNF;ERK;信號通路
在精子發(fā)生的有絲分裂階段,精原干細胞存在不平衡分裂,一方面通過自我更新形成干細胞儲備,一方面分化成為精原細胞。精原干細胞的自我更新是精子發(fā)生的持續(xù)進行的保證?,F(xiàn)已發(fā)現(xiàn)數(shù)個調(diào)節(jié)精原干細胞(spermatogonial stem cells,SSCs)自我更新和分化的因子,如膠質(zhì)細胞源性神經(jīng)營養(yǎng)因子(glial cell derived neurotrophic factor,GDNF),干細胞因子(stem cell factor,SCF),成纖維細胞生長因子(fibroblast growth factor,F(xiàn)GF)等[1]。其中GDNF由睪丸支持細胞(Sertoli細胞)合成,作用于SSCs表面的受體,促進SSCs的自我更新,維持SSCs數(shù)量[2, 3]。已發(fā)現(xiàn)與精子發(fā)生密切相關(guān)的卵泡刺激素(follicle stimulating hormone,F(xiàn)SH)作用于Sertoli細胞可促進GDNF的表達,參與調(diào)解SSCs的自我更新[4- 6]。已知雄激素是精子發(fā)生所必須的調(diào)節(jié)分子,尚不明確雄激素對Sertoli細胞GDNF表達具有何種作用。本研究以原代培養(yǎng)的Sertoli細胞為材料,研究對雄激素對Sertoli 細胞GDNF表達的影響,及相關(guān)的細胞通路變化,深入理解SSCs自我增殖的調(diào)控因素。
1.1 實驗動物和主要試劑
20d SD雄鼠20只[寧夏醫(yī)科大學實驗動物中心,合格證號SCXK (寧) 20110001,SPF級],體質(zhì)量50~60 g。DMEM/F12(Hyclone公司);胎牛血清(Corning公司);胰蛋白酶,膠原蛋白酶,透明質(zhì)酸酶和核酸酶,雙氫睪酮(Dihydrotestosterone,DHT)(Sigma公司);GDNF抗體(Santa cruz公司);熒光二抗(碧云天公司);U0126和H- 89(Cell Signaling公司)。其他試劑均為分析純試劑。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 Sertoli細胞的分離和原代培養(yǎng):脫頸處死動物后取出睪丸并剝除白膜,剪成1 mm×1 mm×1 mm小塊,用一步0.1%胰蛋白酶和兩步不同濃度(0.05%和0.1%)的膠原蛋白酶消化去除睪丸間質(zhì)細胞和管周肌樣細胞,用0.1%透明質(zhì)酸酶除去胞間透明質(zhì)酸。調(diào)整細胞為2×106個/mL進行培養(yǎng),培養(yǎng)液為DMEM/F12,添加青、鏈霉素,10%胎牛血清,條件為35 ℃、5% CO2。培養(yǎng)48 h后用20 mmol/L、pH為7.4的Tris-HCI低滲處理2.5 min去除生精細胞,培養(yǎng)48 h后進行后續(xù)試驗。
1.2.2 免疫熒光檢測雙氫睪酮對GDNF表達的影響:原代培養(yǎng)的Sertoli細胞按1×106個/mL行細胞爬片。使用10-7mol/L濃度的雙氫睪酮干預(yù)Sertoli細胞,干預(yù)時間分別為0、15和30 min及1、2和 4 h。GDNF抗體(1∶100稀釋)室溫下孵育2 h,F(xiàn)ITC標記的第二抗體室溫下孵育1 h,DAPI標記細胞核,陰性對照使用PBS代替GDNF抗體。熒光顯微鏡下觀察拍照,觀察GDNF的表達。
1.2.3 雙氫睪酮對Sertoli細胞GDNF表達的影響:Sertoli細胞培養(yǎng)48 h后,使用0、10-9、10-8、10-7、10-6和10-5mol/L的雙氫睪酮干預(yù)細胞,培養(yǎng)2 h后收集各組細胞,Western blot檢測GDNF蛋白的表達。選取適宜濃度的雙氫睪酮干預(yù)Sertoli細胞,分別在干預(yù)后的第0、15和30 min及1、2和4 h收集細胞,Western blot檢測檢測GDNF蛋白。
1.2.4 雙氫睪酮對ERK1/2和CREB磷酸化的影響: 用10-7mol/L的雙氫睪酮干預(yù)Sertoli細胞,分別在干預(yù)后的0、15和30 min及1、2和4 h收集細胞,用Western blot檢測ERK1/2和CREB的磷酸化情況。
1.2.5 U0126和H- 89對雙氫睪酮誘導GDNF蛋白表達的影響:支持細胞培養(yǎng)48 h后分別加入U0126(10 μmol/L)和H- 89(20 μmol/L),孵育時間分別為2 h和30 min,對照組用等體積二甲基亞砜(dimethyl sulphoxide,DMSO)代替,然后加入雙氫睪酮(10-7mol/L)刺激2 h后收集細胞,Western blot檢測GDNF蛋白的表達。
1.3 統(tǒng)計學分析
2.1 免疫熒光檢測DHT對GDNF表達的影響
GDNF表達于Sertoli細胞的細胞質(zhì)中,較為均勻地分布在細胞核周圍和細胞突起中。在10-7mol/L 雙氫睪酮干預(yù)作用30 min后,與對照組比較,GDNF的表達明顯增加(圖1)。
2.2 雙氫睪酮作用時間和濃度對GDNF表達的影響
隨雙氫睪酮濃度的增加,GDNF表達逐步增加。在雙氫睪酮濃度為10-7mol/L時,GDNF表達水平最高。當雙氫睪酮濃度大于在10-7mol/L時,GDNF的表達下降(圖2A)。使用10-7mol/L 雙氫睪酮作用于Sertoli細胞,隨作用時間的延長,GDNF的表達逐步升高,在2 h表達量最高(圖2B)。
2.3 雙氫睪酮對ERK1/2和CREB活性的影響
用10-7mol/L 雙氫睪酮干預(yù)15 min時,可檢測到磷酸化ERK1/2水平增高,隨干預(yù)時間增加,磷酸化水平也增加,在1 h時磷酸化水平最高,隨后降低(圖3A);同樣雙氫睪酮也以時間依賴方式增加CREB的磷酸化,在30 min時磷酸化水平最高(圖3B)。
2.4 U0126和H- 89對雙氫睪酮誘導GDNF蛋白表達的影響
用ERK1/2信號通路抑制劑U0126和PKA信號通路抑制劑H- 89干預(yù)后,雙氫睪酮所誘導的GDNF的表達明顯減少(圖4)。
膠質(zhì)細胞源性神經(jīng)營養(yǎng)因子(glial cell derived neurotrophic factor,GDNF)是從大鼠膠質(zhì)細胞瘤細胞系B49的條件培養(yǎng)液中分離純化得到的一種新型細胞營養(yǎng)因子,屬轉(zhuǎn)化生長因子β家族中的一員[7]。在睪丸中,GDNF由睪丸支持細胞合成和分泌,其作為精原干細胞微環(huán)境因子之一,參與維持精原干細胞的自我增殖,從而保證精子發(fā)生的持續(xù)進行[8]。
compared with 0 min, the fluorescence intensity of GDNF increased at 30 min, 1 hour, 2 hours and 4 hours; green is GDNF and blue is DAPI(Bar=50 μm)
圖1 DHT誘導Sertoli細胞GDNF表達免疫熒光染色
Fig 1 The pictures of immunofluorescence of GDNF expression induced of DHT
A.the expressions of GDNF are higher than that of control when the concentrations of DHT are 10-8and 10-7mol/L; under the concentration of 10-7mol/L DHT, the expression of GDNF is highest; B.when concentration is 10-7mol/L and the time of acion of DHT are 2 hours and 4 hours, the expressions of GDNF are higher than that of control; the expression of GDNF is highest when the time of action of DHT is 2 hours;*P<0.05 compared with control
圖2 DHT濃度和作用時間對Sertoli細胞GDNF表達的影響
Fig 2 The effects of concentration and intervention time of DHT on the expression of GDNF in Sertoli cell
A.the expression of ERK1/2 are not changed by DHT incubating, but the expression of p-ERK1/2 is obviously increased at 1h DHT incubating; B.the expression of CREB are not changed by DHT incubating, but the expression of p-CREB is obviously increased at 30min and 1 hours DHT incubating;*P<0.05 compared with control
圖3 DHT對磷酸化ERK1/2和CREB表達的影響
Fig 3 The effects of DHT on the expressions of p-ERK1/2 and p-CREB
In DHT+U0126 and DHT+H- 89 groups, the expressions of GDNF are obviously decreased; *P<0.05 compared with DHT圖4 信號通路抑制劑U0126和H- 89對DHT誘導的GDNF表達的影響Fig 4 The effect of signal pathway inhibitor U0126and H- 89 on the expression of GDNF induced by DHT
Sertoli細胞合成GDNF受多種與精子發(fā)生相關(guān)的分子調(diào)控,包括FSH,成纖維細胞生長因子- 2(fibroblast growth factor,F(xiàn)GF- 2),腫瘤壞死因子α(tumor necrosis factor α,TNFα),白細胞介素1β(interleukin, IL- 1β)等[9]。雄激素是另一個調(diào)節(jié)精子發(fā)生的重要分子。已有研究發(fā)現(xiàn),睪酮可刺激睪丸管周肌樣細胞GDNF mRNA 和蛋白水平的增加[10]。但是睪酮對Sertoli細胞GDNF的表達是否具有影響,還未進行深入的研究。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),雙氫睪酮刺激可增加原代培養(yǎng)的20 d大鼠Sertoli細胞GDNF表達。這一結(jié)果說明,雄激素可通過上調(diào)Sertoli細胞GDNF的表達,刺激SSCs的自我更新,保證精子發(fā)生的持續(xù)進行。
雄激素通過經(jīng)典和非經(jīng)典兩條途徑作用于靶細胞。經(jīng)典途徑指雄激素結(jié)合于胞內(nèi)雄激素受體(AR),形成了激素-受體復合物,入細胞核激活相關(guān)基因轉(zhuǎn)錄。非經(jīng)典途徑指雄激素可以激活MAPK和鈣信號通路,激活相關(guān)基因的表達[11- 12]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,雙氫睪酮干預(yù)可增加ERK1/2和CREB的磷酸化水平,在使用ERK1/2抑制劑U0126處理Sertoli細胞后,GDNF的表達明顯減少。這一結(jié)果說明,雙氫睪酮可通過ERK通路誘導GDNF蛋白的表達。在使用PKA信號通路抑制劑H- 89時,也會使GDNF的表達水平降低,說明PKA信號通路也是調(diào)節(jié)GDNF表達的信號通路之一。由于ERK和PKA信號通路之間存在交互作用,并且最終都引起CREB的磷酸化,因此尚不能排除睪酮具有激活PKA信號通路的可能,需要進一步研究。
睪酮或雄激素能夠刺激Sertoli細胞表達GDNF,促進SSCs的自我增殖,對于臨床雄性生育力損傷的治療具有一定意義。有研究顯示,使用睪酮可以有效啟動LH受體基因敲除小鼠的精子發(fā)生[13],可以恢復白消安損傷大鼠睪丸的精子發(fā)生[14],并使人類先天性睪丸發(fā)育不良綜合征(Klinefelter’s syndrome)患者的精子發(fā)生得以恢復[15]。這些結(jié)果提示,睪酮可能從促進SSCs自我增殖開始,對精子發(fā)生的全過程發(fā)揮調(diào)控作用。
總之,本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),對于體外培養(yǎng)的Sertoli細胞,雙氫睪酮通過激活ERK信號通路,上調(diào)Sertoli細胞GDNF的表達,促進精原干細胞的自我增殖,維系精子發(fā)生。
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Dihydrotestosterone regulates GDNFexpression in primary cultured rat Sertoli cells
CHANG Qing1,2,3,WANG Li-mei1, HEI Chang-chun1,2,3, CAI Yu-fang1,2,3, WU Kai1,KONG Bin1, ZHU Wan-ping1, SHEN Xin-sheng1, ZHAO Cheng-jun1*
(1.Dept. of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology; 2.Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance ofMinistry of Education; 3.Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics in Ningxia School of Basic Medicine,Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China)
Objective To study the effects of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) on the expression of GDNF and the changes of signaling pathway in primary cultured rat Sertoli cells. Methods The primary cultured 20 days old sertoli cells stimulateused by DHT, immumofluorescence was used to detect the localization and expression of GDNF in Sertoli cell, Western blot was used to detect the expressions of GDNF, ERK1/2 and CREB, and the phosphorylations of ERK1/2 and CREB. while the inhibitors of ERK and cAMP/PKA signaling pathway were examined. Results GDNF expressed in cytoplasm of Sertoli cell. DHT promoted the expression of GDNF, while the level of ERK1/2 and CREB phosphorylation were increased. U0126 and H89 decreased the DHT-induced GDNF expression. Conclusions DHT stimulated the expression of GDNF of Setoli cell by activing the ERK signaling pathway.
dihydrotestosterone; Sertoli cell; GDNF; ERK; signaling pathway
2015- 03- 23
2015- 08- 16
國家自然科學基金(81160084);寧夏醫(yī)科大學博士學位建設(shè)開放課題(KF2010- 15)
1001-6325(2015)11-1481-05
Q952.6
A
*通信作者(corresponding author):yczcj@126.com