楊乃久
腫脹液溶脂法對(duì)原發(fā)性乳腺癌患者腋窩淋巴結(jié)清掃手術(shù)療效的影響
楊乃久
目的探討臨床乳腺癌腋窩淋巴結(jié)清掃的最佳術(shù)式。方法將67例原發(fā)性乳腺癌患者按照手術(shù)方式分為腫脹液溶脂組(32例)和傳統(tǒng)組(35例),比較2種手術(shù)方式的術(shù)中出血量、清掃淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移數(shù)目等臨床參數(shù)以及術(shù)后并發(fā)癥。結(jié)果2組患者淋巴結(jié)清掃、轉(zhuǎn)移數(shù)目和淋巴結(jié)病理學(xué)改變均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(P均>0.05)。溶脂組患者術(shù)中出血量少于傳統(tǒng)組,腋窩淋巴結(jié)清掃時(shí)間短于傳統(tǒng)組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P均<0.05)。2組術(shù)中引流量、引流時(shí)間和總手術(shù)時(shí)間比較,均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(P均>0.05)。術(shù)后溶脂組患者上肢水腫和前臂內(nèi)側(cè)麻木疼痛比例均低于傳統(tǒng)組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P均<0.05);而舉肩障礙率、皮下積液率和皮瓣壞死率雖低于傳統(tǒng)組,但均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(P均>0.05)。術(shù)后患者生活感受、健康感受和生活質(zhì)量總評(píng)分方面,溶脂組高于傳統(tǒng)組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P均<0.05);而日常生活和活動(dòng)能力比較,2組均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(P均>0.05)。結(jié)論腫脹液溶脂法清掃腋窩淋巴結(jié)是一種較好的術(shù)式,應(yīng)在臨床治療乳腺癌中大力推廣。
腫脹液溶脂法;乳腺癌;腋窩淋巴結(jié)清掃
(ThePracticalJournalofCancer,2015,30:1690~1693)
乳腺癌近年來(lái)發(fā)病率逐年上升,手術(shù)依舊是治療乳腺癌的首選方案,腋窩淋巴結(jié)清掃是乳腺癌手術(shù)中的一個(gè)重要步驟,為患者預(yù)后情況判斷提供重要參考。傳統(tǒng)術(shù)式清掃腋窩淋巴結(jié)的同時(shí),伴隨上肢淋巴水腫及功能障礙等并發(fā)癥,給患者造成極大痛苦,大大降低了生活質(zhì)量,因此臨床需要探討較優(yōu)的術(shù)式[1-3]。本研究回顧性分析腫脹液和傳統(tǒng)方式清掃腋窩淋巴結(jié)與患者預(yù)后相關(guān)性,旨在探討臨床乳腺癌患者手術(shù)過(guò)程中腋窩淋巴結(jié)清掃的最佳方式。
1.1 臨床資料
收集2009年12月-2014年9月我院收治的67例原發(fā)性乳腺癌患者,均為女性,單發(fā)乳房腫塊不大于5 cm,所有患者均無(wú)遠(yuǎn)端轉(zhuǎn)移。按手術(shù)方式分為腫脹液溶脂組(32例)和傳統(tǒng)組(35例),臨床診斷確診為乳腺癌。2組患者年齡、病理類型和分期均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異。
1.2 手術(shù)方法
所有患者均在全麻下進(jìn)行手術(shù),患者根據(jù)自身情況選擇保乳術(shù)或乳腺癌改良根治術(shù)。腫脹液溶脂組:術(shù)前準(zhǔn)備500 ml左右溶脂液,具體為250 ml氯化鈉溶液(0.5%)、250 ml滅菌蒸餾水、1 mg腎上腺素、20 ml利多卡因(2%)。待患者成功麻醉后,用50 ml注射器在乳腺切口外側(cè)近腋窩處將脂肪溶解液分次注入腋窩內(nèi),根據(jù)患者具體情況,如胖瘦等,調(diào)整每次注射量。溶解液注射結(jié)束后,按照事先商量的手術(shù)方案行乳腺癌根治術(shù)或改良根治術(shù)。傳統(tǒng)組:患者采用常規(guī)腋窩淋巴結(jié)清掃術(shù)式。
1.3 比較指標(biāo)
查閱所有患者術(shù)中出血量、引流時(shí)間、引流量、腋窩淋巴結(jié)清掃時(shí)間、總手術(shù)時(shí)間、術(shù)后患者上肢水腫例數(shù)、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移情況以及皮下積液等術(shù)后并發(fā)癥。參考Spitzer指數(shù)評(píng)價(jià)所有患者術(shù)前、術(shù)后生活質(zhì)量,包括:活動(dòng)能力、日常生活、健康感受、生活感受等,分?jǐn)?shù)越高說(shuō)明患者生活質(zhì)量越好。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析
2.1 2組術(shù)式手術(shù)過(guò)程中的常規(guī)參數(shù)比較
2組淋巴結(jié)清掃數(shù)目和轉(zhuǎn)移率均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(P均>0.05)。2組患者的淋巴結(jié)病理學(xué)比較亦無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(P均>0.05),見(jiàn)表1。與溶脂組相比,傳統(tǒng)組患者術(shù)中出血量較多,清掃腋窩淋巴結(jié)所需時(shí)間較長(zhǎng),差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P均<0.05);2組在引流時(shí)間、引流量、總手術(shù)時(shí)間等參數(shù)方面比較,均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(P均>0.05)。見(jiàn)表2。
表1 2組患者清掃淋巴結(jié)情況比較
表2 比較2組患者術(shù)中參數(shù)差異
2.2 術(shù)后并發(fā)癥比較
術(shù)后溶脂組患者上肢水腫和前臂內(nèi)側(cè)麻木疼痛比例均低于傳統(tǒng)組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P均<0.05);2組均有部分患者伴隨舉肩障礙、腋窩積液和皮瓣壞死等并發(fā)癥,溶脂組發(fā)生率均低于傳統(tǒng)組,但是差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P均>0.05)。見(jiàn)表3。
表3 2組患者術(shù)后并發(fā)癥比較/例
2.3 術(shù)后患者生活質(zhì)量比較
2組患者術(shù)前生活質(zhì)量各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異,P均>0.05。2組患者術(shù)后健康感受和生活感受比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P均<0.05);但日常生活能力、活動(dòng)能力比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P均>0.05),見(jiàn)表4。
表4 比較2組患者術(shù)前、術(shù)后生活質(zhì)量
腋窩淋巴結(jié)清掃是乳腺癌手術(shù)中一個(gè)重要組成部分,Soran等已經(jīng)證實(shí),該過(guò)程與患者短期和長(zhǎng)期并發(fā)癥存在相關(guān)性,腋窩淋巴結(jié)清掃患者生存期長(zhǎng)于未進(jìn)行該過(guò)程患者,并可以作為一個(gè)重要的預(yù)后指標(biāo)[4-5]。盡管傳統(tǒng)淋巴結(jié)清除手術(shù)在一定程度上指導(dǎo)了患者預(yù)后和復(fù)發(fā)指數(shù),但是患者術(shù)后往往伴隨較嚴(yán)重并發(fā)癥,如功能障礙等,極大降低了患者生活質(zhì)量和術(shù)后心理恢復(fù)。Lanfer等結(jié)果顯示,腫脹液溶脂方法已發(fā)展成為乳腺癌手術(shù)中清掃腋窩淋巴結(jié)的一個(gè)重要方式[2]。本研究中,我們比較了腫脹液溶脂法和傳統(tǒng)術(shù)式在乳腺癌患者術(shù)中清除淋巴結(jié)的臨床參數(shù),旨在探尋最佳術(shù)中術(shù)式,達(dá)到提高患者生存率同時(shí)降低預(yù)后生活質(zhì)量的目的。
本研究中,我們的結(jié)果顯示,腫脹液溶脂法和傳統(tǒng)手術(shù)方式在術(shù)中出血量、引流時(shí)間和引流量等參數(shù)以及清掃腋窩淋巴結(jié)數(shù)目和是否有發(fā)生淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移方面并無(wú)差異性,提示這2種方式均可以達(dá)到清掃腋窩淋巴結(jié)的目的,溶脂組術(shù)中未見(jiàn)明顯優(yōu)于傳統(tǒng)組。但是腫脹液溶脂組患者術(shù)中出血量顯著低于傳統(tǒng)組,且清掃淋巴結(jié)所用時(shí)間明顯低于傳統(tǒng)組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,這與Devoogdt等報(bào)道結(jié)果相一致[6],這些結(jié)果提示腫脹液溶脂法可以有效降低患者術(shù)中出血量。
自采用腫脹液溶脂法以來(lái),一直伴隨其是否會(huì)對(duì)患者淋巴系統(tǒng)造成不良影響的問(wèn)題。Lanfer等認(rèn)為,溶脂法可能會(huì)對(duì)淋巴結(jié)的完整性造成破壞,進(jìn)而增加腫瘤細(xì)胞擴(kuò)散幾率。本研究中為探討其安全性,對(duì)溶脂組和傳統(tǒng)組患者淋巴結(jié)病理學(xué)改變進(jìn)行分析,結(jié)果顯示,2組患者包膜破裂率、淋巴結(jié)破裂率、淋巴結(jié)破裂并轉(zhuǎn)移率以及囊分離率均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異,對(duì)患者進(jìn)行隨訪,所有患者均未發(fā)生切口種植、局部復(fù)發(fā)及遠(yuǎn)端轉(zhuǎn)移等現(xiàn)象。這些結(jié)果提示腫脹液溶脂法未影響淋巴結(jié)病理特征,是一種安全的腋窩淋巴結(jié)清掃方式,這結(jié)果與Kitamura等報(bào)道結(jié)果一致[7-8]。
成功的手術(shù)效果不僅要求徹底清除腫瘤和復(fù)發(fā)可能性,還要保證患者生活質(zhì)量不受術(shù)式影響。因此,本研究對(duì)溶脂組和傳統(tǒng)組患者術(shù)后常見(jiàn)并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率進(jìn)行比較,結(jié)果顯示,溶脂液可以用于開(kāi)放清掃腋窩淋巴結(jié),不僅簡(jiǎn)化了手術(shù)操作,還可很好顯露和保護(hù)肋間臂神經(jīng),盡管2組患者術(shù)后舉肩障礙率、皮下積液率和皮瓣壞死率均無(wú)明顯差異,但溶脂組術(shù)后患者上肢水腫率和前臂內(nèi)側(cè)麻木疼痛率均低于傳統(tǒng)組,差異均具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。這些結(jié)果提示,腫脹液溶脂法較之傳統(tǒng)淋巴結(jié)清掃術(shù)式所帶來(lái)的術(shù)后并發(fā)癥少。本研究中,我們還對(duì)2組患者術(shù)后生活質(zhì)量進(jìn)行追蹤并比較,結(jié)果顯示,溶脂組患者健康感受、生活感受和總分均高于傳統(tǒng)組,差異均具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,提示腫脹液溶脂法清除腋窩淋巴結(jié)更利于患者術(shù)后生活質(zhì)量恢復(fù)[9-11]。
綜上所述,我們的研究表明與傳統(tǒng)術(shù)式相比,腫脹液溶脂法清掃淋巴結(jié)在術(shù)中各項(xiàng)參數(shù)、術(shù)后恢復(fù)以及患者生活質(zhì)量等方面均展示出較強(qiáng)優(yōu)勢(shì),應(yīng)在臨床使用中大力推廣。
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(編輯:甘 艷)
Effect of Swelling Solution Method in the Efficacy of Axillary Lymph Node Dissection for Primary Breast Cancer
YANGNaijiu.
Objective To explore the optimal operation of axillary lymph node dissection for primary breast cancer.Methods 67 cases of primary breast cancer patients were divided into swelling liquid fat soluble group (32 cases) and the traditional group (35 cases),clinical parameters such as intraoperative bleeding and number of lymph node dissection,and postoperative complications were compared between the 2 groups.Results The 2 groups had no statistically significant difference in lymph node dissection,number of metastatic lymph nodes and lymph node dissection,and pathological changes (allP>0.05).Compared with the traditional group,the bleeding volume in swelling liquid fat soluble group was lower and time needed for axillary lymph node dissection was shorter in swelling liquid fat soluble group,there had significant difference (bothP<0.05);while the intraoperative drainage,drainage time and total operation time had no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups (allP>0.05).The postoperative rates of upper extremity edema,medial forearm pain and numbness were lower in swelling liquid fat soluble group than the traditional group,there had significant difference (allP<0.05),the rates of heave shoulder disorder subcutaneous,effusion and necrosis of skin flap were lower in swelling liquid fat soluble group than that those of the traditional group,all had no statistical difference (allP>0.05).Postoperative indexes,such as life feeling,health feeling,and total score of life quality were higher in swelling liquid fat soluble group than those of the traditional group,and the difference were statistically significant (allP<0.05),while the activities of daily living and the ability to move were not statistically significant in the 2 groups (allP>0.05).Conclusion The swelling liquid fat soluble for axillary node dissection is a better surgical method,and should be extended in breast cancer operation in clinic.
Swelling liquid fat soluble;Breast cancer;Axillary node dissection
226001 江蘇省南通市老年康復(fù)醫(yī)院
10.3969/j.issn.1001-5930.2015.11.032
R737.9
A
1001-5930(2015)11-1690-04
2015-03-04
2015-07-14)
RehabilitationHospitalinNantong,Nantong,226001