劉艷華 王若 程小星
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·論著·
結(jié)核分枝桿菌抗原對(duì)人單核細(xì)胞核苷酸結(jié)合寡聚化結(jié)構(gòu)域樣受體蛋白12表達(dá)的影響
劉艷華 王若 程小星
目的 研究結(jié)核分枝桿菌(Mycobacteriumtuberculosis, Mtb)抗原對(duì)人單核細(xì)胞中核苷酸結(jié)合寡聚化結(jié)構(gòu)域樣受體蛋白12(NLRP12)表達(dá)的影響,為深入研究NLRP12在結(jié)核病中的作用奠定實(shí)驗(yàn)基礎(chǔ)。方法 采集15例活動(dòng)性肺結(jié)核患者和15名健康人的抗凝血,分離外周血中單核細(xì)胞,用Mtb抗原H37Rv全菌裂解液、早期分泌靶抗原6(EAST-6)和培養(yǎng)分泌蛋白10(CFP-10)的抗原多肽刺激,提取單核細(xì)胞的總RNA,采用熒光定量PCR方法檢測(cè)NLRP12 mRNA的表達(dá),采用配對(duì)t檢驗(yàn)分析刺激前后單核細(xì)胞NLRP12的表達(dá)差異。以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。結(jié)果 全菌裂解液、EAST-6和CFP-10抗原多肽刺激后的活動(dòng)性肺結(jié)核患者單核細(xì)胞與未刺激前的單核細(xì)胞相比,其NLRP12 mRNA的表達(dá)顯著下調(diào),由未刺激前的(1.8±1.26)×10-2分別下降到(1.09±0.78)×10-2(t=3.826,P<0.01)和(1.14±0.87)×10-2(t=3.695,P<0.01)。全菌裂解液、EAST-6和CFP-10抗原多肽刺激后,健康人單核細(xì)胞中NLRP12 mRNA的表達(dá)與未刺激前相比也降低,由未刺激前的(1.65±0.99)×10-2分別降至(1.2±0.87)×10-2(t=1.909,P>0.05)和(1.38±1.02)×10-2(t=1.151,P>0.05),差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。結(jié)論 Mtb抗原體外刺激能夠抑制活動(dòng)性肺結(jié)核患者單核細(xì)胞NLRP12的表達(dá)。
結(jié)核, 肺; 結(jié)核分枝桿菌; 細(xì)胞內(nèi)信號(hào)肽和蛋白質(zhì)類:?jiǎn)魏思?xì)胞; 重組融合蛋白質(zhì)類
結(jié)核病是影響人類健康的重要傳染病,其病原是Mtb。世界約1/3的人口感染Mtb,多數(shù)感染者為潛伏狀態(tài),5%~10%的感染者發(fā)展成為活動(dòng)性結(jié)核病。單核和巨噬細(xì)胞是機(jī)體的天然免疫細(xì)胞,可以通過核苷酸結(jié)合寡聚化結(jié)構(gòu)域樣受體(nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain-like receptors, NLRs)、Toll樣受體(Toll-like receptor,TLR)和白細(xì)胞介素-1受體(interleukin-1 receptor, IL-1R)等模式識(shí)別受體識(shí)別Mtb抗原,啟動(dòng)抗結(jié)核免疫,抑制或清除體內(nèi)的Mtb。
核苷酸結(jié)合寡聚化結(jié)構(gòu)域樣受體蛋白12(NLRP12),也稱之為Nalp12、Monarch-1和Pypaf-7,是最早已知與凋亡相關(guān)斑點(diǎn)樣蛋白(apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD,ASC或PYCARD)相互作用組成炎癥體的NLR家族成員[1]。NLRP12通過減弱細(xì)胞核因子-κB(nuclear factor kappa B, NF-κB)信號(hào)通路的活化來抑制炎癥反應(yīng),NLRP12的缺失導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞因子的表達(dá)增加[2-3]。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),Mtb抗原體外可以抑制活動(dòng)性肺結(jié)核患者單核細(xì)胞NLRP12的表達(dá),提示NLRP12表達(dá)下調(diào)與Mtb感染相關(guān)。
一、受試者選擇與分組情況
活動(dòng)性肺結(jié)核患者為解放軍第三〇九醫(yī)院全軍結(jié)核病研究所的住院患者,共15例,男∶女=8∶7,年齡范圍在32~42歲(平均年齡37歲)?;顒?dòng)性肺結(jié)核的診斷依據(jù)為《肺結(jié)核病診斷和治療指南》[4],包括臨床表現(xiàn)、X線檢查、痰涂片或細(xì)菌培養(yǎng)等,患者沒有肝炎、糖尿病和艾滋病等合并癥。健康人為解放軍第三〇九醫(yī)院體檢中心的健康體檢者,體檢結(jié)果顯示正常,包括常規(guī)體檢項(xiàng)目和X線檢查,共15例,男∶女=8∶7,年齡范圍在37~43歲(平均年齡40歲)。本研究通過解放軍第三〇九醫(yī)院倫理委員會(huì)審查,所有受試者均簽署知情同意書。
二、Mtb抗原準(zhǔn)備
Mtb實(shí)驗(yàn)室強(qiáng)毒株H37Rv為本室保存,用7H9培養(yǎng)基(美國(guó)BD公司)復(fù)蘇和培養(yǎng),當(dāng)生長(zhǎng)至對(duì)數(shù)生長(zhǎng)期后,離心獲得細(xì)菌沉淀,然后用雙蒸水(ddH2O)重懸細(xì)菌,通過超聲破碎和反復(fù)凍融的方法裂解細(xì)菌,離心后收集上清,即為H37Rv的全菌裂解液。早期分泌靶抗原6(EAST-6)和培養(yǎng)分泌蛋白10(CFP-10)的抗原多肽,由公司合成(北京賽百盛公司),每條多肽片段為15個(gè)氨基酸,相鄰片段重疊5個(gè)氨基酸,共34條多肽。
三、外周血單核細(xì)胞的分離與刺激
采集15例活動(dòng)性肺結(jié)核患者和15名健康人的抗凝血,6 h內(nèi)分離外周血中單核細(xì)胞。具體步驟為:先用Ficoll-Paque分離液(美國(guó)GE healthcare公司)分離抗凝血中的外周血單個(gè)核細(xì)胞(peripheral blood mononuclear cells, PBMCs),然后用1640完全培養(yǎng)基(美國(guó)Invitrogen公司)重懸細(xì)胞并接種至培養(yǎng)板中,37 ℃孵育靜置2 h,最后輕輕吹打,棄掉上清,貼壁細(xì)胞即為單核細(xì)胞,收集單核細(xì)胞并接種至96孔微孔培養(yǎng)板中,接種濃度為1×106個(gè)/ml。每個(gè)受試者的單核細(xì)胞分3孔,1孔細(xì)胞用終濃度為10 μg/ml全菌裂解液刺激,1孔細(xì)胞用終濃度為34 μg/ml的EAST-6和CFP-10的抗原多肽刺激(每條多肽終濃度為1 μg/ml),1孔細(xì)胞不用Mtb抗原刺激,設(shè)為未刺激孔。細(xì)胞置于37 ℃、5% CO2孵箱培養(yǎng),16 h后收集細(xì)胞,TRIzol試劑(美國(guó)Invitrogen公司)處理細(xì)胞,-80 ℃保存。
四、細(xì)胞總RNA的提取和cDNA的合成
采用TRIzol試劑提取細(xì)胞總RNA[5], cDNA轉(zhuǎn)錄按試劑盒(大連寶生物公司)說明書進(jìn)行。
五、NLRP12 mRNA的檢測(cè)
利用美國(guó)國(guó)家生物技術(shù)信息中心(National Center for Biotechnology Information, 簡(jiǎn)稱NCBI)網(wǎng)站的Primer-Blast程序設(shè)計(jì)NLRP12的熒光定量PCR引物,引物序列如下:上游引物(forward primer):5′-CGTCCTCACTTGGGAACCAG-3′;下游引物(reserve primer): 5′-CATTGCGGTCTTCCATGAGC-3′ (Nucleotide數(shù)據(jù)庫,編號(hào)為NM_144687.3[6])。采用甘油醛-3-磷酸脫氫酶(glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase,GAPDH)作為內(nèi)參,引物序列如下:上游引物:5′-TGTTGCCATCAATGACCCCT-3′;下游引物: 5′-TCGCCCCACT-TGATTTTGGA-3′(Nucleotide數(shù)據(jù)庫,編號(hào)為NM_002046.5[7]),引物由上海生物工程有限公司合成。PCR擴(kuò)增試劑為SYBR Green I熒光定量試劑(美國(guó)KAPA公司),擴(kuò)增反應(yīng)在熒光定量PCR擴(kuò)增儀iQ5(美國(guó)Bio-Rad公司)上進(jìn)行。反應(yīng)程序?yàn)椋菏紫?5 ℃ 3 min變性,然后95 ℃ 10 s,57 ℃ 10 s,72 ℃ 10 s,擴(kuò)增40個(gè)循環(huán)。
六、統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析
一、Mtb抗原刺激后活動(dòng)性肺結(jié)核患者單核細(xì)胞NLRP12 mRNA的表達(dá)顯著下調(diào)
與未刺激前相比,活動(dòng)性肺結(jié)核患者單核細(xì)胞經(jīng)全菌裂解液刺激過夜后,NLRP12 mRNA的相對(duì)表達(dá)量顯著降低(t=3.826,P<0.01),由未刺激前的(1.8±1.26)×10-2下降到刺激后的(1.09±0.78)×10-2(圖1)。與未刺激前相比,活動(dòng)性肺結(jié)核患者單核細(xì)胞經(jīng)EAST-6和CFP-10抗原多肽刺激過夜后,NLRP12 mRNA的相對(duì)表達(dá)量也顯著降低(t=3.695,P<0.01),由未刺激前的(1.8±1.26)×10-2下降到刺激后的(1.14±0.87)×10-2(圖1)。比較全菌裂解液、EAST-6和CFP-10抗原多肽刺激的活動(dòng)性肺結(jié)核患者單核細(xì)胞,發(fā)現(xiàn)NLRP12 mRNA的表達(dá)差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=0.3238,P>0.05)。
二、Mtb抗原刺激后健康人單核細(xì)胞NLRP12 mRNA的表達(dá)下調(diào)不明顯
與未刺激前相比,雖然健康人單核細(xì)胞經(jīng)全菌裂解液刺激過夜后NLRP12 mRNA的表達(dá)量下降,由未刺激前的(1.65±0.99)×10-2下降到刺激后的(1.2±0.87)×10-2,但差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=1.909,P>0.05)(圖2)。雖然健康人單核細(xì)胞經(jīng)EAST-6和CFP-10抗原多肽刺激過夜后NLRP12 mRNA的表達(dá)量也下降,由未刺激前的(1.65±0.99)×10-2下降到刺激后的(1.38±1.02)×10-2,但與未刺激前相比差異也無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=1.151,P>0.05)(圖2)。比較全菌裂解液刺激和抗原多肽刺激的健康人單核細(xì)胞發(fā)現(xiàn),NLRP12 mRNA的表達(dá)差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=0.5064,P>0.05)。
三、活動(dòng)性肺結(jié)核患者與健康人單核細(xì)胞刺激后NLRP12 mRNA表達(dá)差異
在Mtb抗原刺激前,活動(dòng)性肺結(jié)核患者與健康人的單核細(xì)胞相比,其NLRP12 mRNA的表達(dá)差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=0.345,P>0.05)(圖3)。在Mtb抗原全菌裂解液、EAST-6和CFP-10抗原多肽刺激后,活動(dòng)性肺結(jié)核患者與健康人的單核細(xì)胞相比,其NLRP12 mRNA的表達(dá)差異也無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=0.5979,P>0.05;t=0.6923,P>0.05)(圖3)。
NLR蛋白家族是天然免疫細(xì)胞中一類重要的模式識(shí)別受體,與天然和獲得性免疫反應(yīng)的調(diào)節(jié),炎癥反應(yīng)和自身免疫性疾病的發(fā)生密切相關(guān)。NLR家族按功能分為三類,一類成員通過與半胱天冬酶1(caspase-1)前體組成炎癥體誘導(dǎo)IL-1β和IL-18的產(chǎn)生,促進(jìn)炎癥反應(yīng),如核酸結(jié)合寡聚化結(jié)構(gòu)域樣受體蛋白1(nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat pyrin domain containing protein 1, NLRP1)和NLRP3等[8]。一類通過其他的信號(hào)通路如NF-κB和分裂素活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinase, MAPK)等激活炎癥反應(yīng),如核酸結(jié)合寡聚化結(jié)構(gòu)域蛋白1(nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-1, NOD1)和NOD2等[9-10]。第三類則通過減弱NF-κB等信號(hào)通路的活化來抑制炎癥反應(yīng),如核酸結(jié)合寡聚化結(jié)構(gòu)域樣受體蛋白6(nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat pyrin domain containing protein 6, NLRP6)和NLRP12等[11-12]。
圖3 活動(dòng)性肺結(jié)核患者與健康人單核細(xì)胞中NLRP12 mRNA的表達(dá)情況
NLRP12含3個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)域,包含N末端的PYRIN,中間的核酸結(jié)合位點(diǎn),和C末端的亮氨酸重復(fù)基序。人類NLRP12分子主要表達(dá)在外周血的單核細(xì)胞、粒細(xì)胞和樹突細(xì)胞中[13]。NLRP12在感染性疾病中發(fā)揮的作用及其機(jī)制還存在爭(zhēng)議。如Vla-dimer 等[14]報(bào)道NLRP12參與了宿主抗鼠疫耶爾森菌(Yersiniapestis)的感染免疫,NLRP12的缺陷會(huì)導(dǎo)致感染小鼠的死亡率增加,細(xì)菌載量增加,同時(shí)伴隨IL-18、IL-1β和IFN-γ的表達(dá)降低。Zaki等[15]發(fā)現(xiàn),在沙門菌(Salmonella)感染中,NLRP12通過破壞IkBα和ERK磷酸化來抑制TLR誘導(dǎo)的NF-κB的活化,增強(qiáng)胞內(nèi)細(xì)菌的存活。而Allen等[16]則認(rèn)為NLRP12的缺失對(duì)宿主抗克雷伯肺炎桿菌(Klebsiellapneumonia)和Mtb感染沒有顯著影響。
目前,還沒有人單核細(xì)胞中NLRP12與結(jié)核病相關(guān)性的研究報(bào)道。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)活動(dòng)性肺結(jié)核患者單核細(xì)胞經(jīng)過Mtb的全菌裂解液、EAST-6和CFP-10抗原多肽刺激后,其NLRP12 mRNA的表達(dá)顯著下調(diào)(圖1),健康人單核細(xì)胞經(jīng)全菌裂解液、EAST-6和CFP-10抗原多肽刺激后,其NLRP12 mRNA的表達(dá)也降低,但NLRP12的下調(diào)并不顯著(圖2)。該結(jié)果表明Mtb抗原能抑制人單核細(xì)胞表達(dá)NLRP12,并且對(duì)活動(dòng)性肺結(jié)核患者單核細(xì)胞表達(dá)NLRP12的抑制作用更加顯著。
研究發(fā)現(xiàn)Mtb全菌裂解液能促進(jìn)宿主的免疫應(yīng)答[17-18],而ESAT-6和CFP-10對(duì)宿主免疫反應(yīng)的作用比較復(fù)雜。Pathak等[19]研究認(rèn)為ESAT-6和CFP-10能抑制巨噬細(xì)胞活化,是宿主免疫反應(yīng)的負(fù)調(diào)控因子;Chatterjee等[20]和Mir等[21]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)ESAT-6和CFP-10能促進(jìn)宿主的免疫反應(yīng)。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),全菌裂解液、EAST-6和CFP-10抗原多肽均能抑制人單核細(xì)胞表達(dá)NLRP12,當(dāng)全菌裂解液的刺激濃度為10 μg/ml[17-18],EAST-6和CFP-10抗原多肽單條多肽的刺激濃度為1 μg/ml時(shí)[20-21],全菌裂解液、EAST-6和CFP-10抗原多肽對(duì)單核細(xì)胞中的NLRP12具有相近的抑制作用(圖1,2)。
總之,本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)Mtb抗原能夠誘導(dǎo)人單核細(xì)胞表達(dá)NLRP12下調(diào),對(duì)活動(dòng)性肺結(jié)核患者單核細(xì)胞表達(dá)NLRP12的抑制作用更加顯著,提示人單核細(xì)胞表達(dá)NLRP12下調(diào)與Mtb感染相關(guān);這為進(jìn)一步研究Mtb感染時(shí)NLRP12表達(dá)減少對(duì)單核細(xì)胞免疫的影響提供了實(shí)驗(yàn)基礎(chǔ)。
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(本文編輯:范永德)
M.tuberculosisantigens inhibit the NLRP12 expression in monocytes from patients with active pulmonary TB
LIUYan-hua,WANGRuo,CHENGXiao-xing.
ArmyTuberculosisPreventionandControlKeyLaboratory,BeijingKeyLaboratoryofNewTechniquesofTuberculosisDiagnosisandTreatment,InstituteforTuberculosisResearch,The309thHospitalofChinesePLA,Beijing100091,China
Correspondingauther:CHENGXiao-xing,Email:xcheng2@139.com
Objective To study whether Mtb antigens have effect on the NLRP12 expression in peripheral blood monocytes, and provide experimental data to investigate the role of NLRP12 in tuberculosis. Methods Peripheral blood were collected from 15 healthy controls and 15 patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis. Monocytes were isolated from peripheral blood and then stimulated with Mtb antigens, including whole cell lysate of H37Rv strain and ESAT-6/CFP-10 peptide pool. Total RNA was extracted from unstimulated and stimulated cells, NLRP12 mRNA was detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR, and the difference of NLRP12 mRNA expression between stimulated and unstimulated cells was analyzed by pairedttest.Pvalue less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The reduction of NLRP12 mRNA in monocytes from active pulmonary TB was significant following stimulation by whole cell lysate and peptide pool, which reduced to (1.09±0.78)×10-2(t=3.826,P<0.01) and (1.14±0.87)×10-2(t=3.695,P<0.01) from (1.8±1.26)×10-2, respectively. The expression of NLRP12 mRNA in monocytes from healthy subjects was no significant change following stimulation by whole cell lysate and peptide pool, although which reduced to (1.2±0.87)×10-2(t=1.909,P>0.05) and (1.38±1.02)×10-2(t=1.151,P>0.05) from (1.65±0.99)×10-2, respectively. Conclusion Mtb antigens can inhibit the NLRP12 expression in monocytes from patients with active pulmonary Tin vitro.
Tuberculosis, pulmonary;Mycobacteriumtuberculosis; Intracellular signaling peptides and proteins; Monocytes; Recombinant fusion proteins
10.3969/j.issn.1000-6621.2015.04.002
國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金青年基金項(xiàng)目(81101219)
100091北京,解放軍第三〇九醫(yī)院全軍結(jié)核病研究所 全軍結(jié)核病防治重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室 結(jié)核病診療新技術(shù)北京市重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室
程小星,Email: xcheng2@139.com
2014-07-02)