滿族婚禮習(xí)俗的英譯研究

王曉輝

摘 要：滿族的婚禮非常講究，禮節(jié)繁雜。在整個(gè)婚禮中主要主題為"吉祥"。因此，在對(duì)其進(jìn)行英譯中，"吉祥"的氣氛應(yīng)該充斥在英文的字里行間，同時(shí)要提供給目的語(yǔ)讀者更多的認(rèn)知語(yǔ)境，減小理解的難度。這種翻譯的技巧作者用英文示例加以呈現(xiàn)。

關(guān)鍵詞：習(xí)俗；英譯

1 滿族婚禮習(xí)俗概述

滿族的婚禮習(xí)俗強(qiáng)調(diào)吉祥二字，所以滿族辦喜事接新娘要選一個(gè)良辰吉日。迎娶新娘的花轎和漢族的有所區(qū)別，使用的是馬拉花轎而不用人抬。媒人和娶親婆以及壓轎男孩在整個(gè)婚禮過(guò)程中必不可少。迎親時(shí)，新郎騎馬，領(lǐng)花轎至女家，新娘上轎后，騎馬領(lǐng)花轎返回。新娘娶到家之后，新郎、新娘拜堂，新娘開(kāi)臉并改梳發(fā)型，再出來(lái)拜神及親友。新郎新娘結(jié)婚當(dāng)日行完各種禮儀后，需吃子孫餑餑（水餃），寓意為子孫滿堂。新娘被攙到屋里后，還要"坐福"。"坐福"時(shí)不能下地，到了晚上由伴娘和親友們送新娘子入洞房。新婚夫婦入洞房上炕時(shí)那花燭不能吹滅，要用扇子扇滅。

2 滿族婚禮習(xí)俗的英譯原則及示例

由于滿族婚姻禮儀繁瑣，所以在做英文翻譯時(shí)倍感困難，采用傳統(tǒng)翻譯無(wú)法向目的語(yǔ)讀者講述清楚，所以在滿族婚禮習(xí)俗的翻譯上采用直譯加意譯的原則。對(duì)于一些具有中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化元素的符號(hào)采用直譯加集注的方法，而對(duì)于一些象征意義則采用意譯的方法。這樣的翻譯容易為西方人所理解，具體翻譯示例如下：

Picking up brides for Manchu will choose a lucky day. The first day， the persons who go to the bride's family to pick the bride up are bridegroom， match-maker， two women of wedding servers and a boy acting as "yajiao" .

On the next day the bride will be invited to go to the sedan after the good occasion is chosen. The bride will say goodbye to her family members with tears accompanied by the musical voice of drum and trumpet， while the bride's mother will pour the water that the bride has used for washing face into the place where the bridal sedan stopped. Manchu mostly will choose sedan to pick up the bride which is dragged by horses instead of men. When picking up the bride， a boy aged between 8-9 and the wedding-serving old woman- whose fate belongs to the earth life（a kind of astrology） ，with a husband as well as sons and daughters should sit in the sedan in advance.

When picking up the bride， the bridegroom must ride on the horse and lead the bridal sedan into the bride's house. After the bride arrived at the bridegroom's house， the new couple will perform the formal wedding ceremony and the bride's face should be cleaned and her hair style should be changed. The following ritual is to worship some gods and father-in-law together with mother-in-law. In addition， the newly-married should serve for the relatives and friends. After finishing the rituals， the bride and bridegroom should eat dumplings which should be prepared by the bride's family and should be sent to the bridegroom's house together with the dowry by the old woman seeing the bride off.

After entering the room， the bride should sit on the southern kang for the whole day， which is called "zuofu"（happiness can be brought by sitting on the kang）. When the night is coming， the bride entered the bridal chamber accompanied by bridesmaid and close relatives and friends. Newly-married couples can't blow out the fancy candles but fan out them when they want to enjoy the melody of bridal chamber.

參考文獻(xiàn)：

[1] 杜學(xué)增.《中英（英語(yǔ)國(guó)家）文化習(xí)俗比較》， [M]， 北京：外語(yǔ)教學(xué)與研究出版社，1997.

[2] 烏丙安.《中國(guó)民俗學(xué)》，[M]，沈陽(yáng)：遼寧大學(xué)出版社，1999.