• <tr id="yyy80"></tr>
  • <sup id="yyy80"></sup>
  • <tfoot id="yyy80"><noscript id="yyy80"></noscript></tfoot>
  • 99热精品在线国产_美女午夜性视频免费_国产精品国产高清国产av_av欧美777_自拍偷自拍亚洲精品老妇_亚洲熟女精品中文字幕_www日本黄色视频网_国产精品野战在线观看 ?

    The spatial and temporal distribution and characteristics of inorganic ion concentrations of TSP in the Tarim Basin

    2014-10-09 08:12:08YuTingZhongXinChunLiuZiAngFangQingHe
    Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions 2014年2期

    YuTing Zhong , XinChun Liu , ZiAng Fang , Qing He

    1. Institute of Desert Meteorology, CMA, Urumqi, Xijiang 830002, China

    2. Key Laboratory of Tree-ring Physical and Chemical Research of China Meteorological Administration/Xinjiang Laboratory of Tree Ring Ecology, Urumqi, Xijiang 830002, China

    1 Introduction

    Atmospheric aerosol is a multiple phase system including solid and liquid particles and the carrier gas(Wang, 1999), which is the main method of researching the atmospheric environment. Research shows that aerosols play an important role in global climate change,which not only directly influences the radiation balance through absorption and scattering of the sun’s shortwave radiation and the ground’s long wave radiation, but also can be used as a nuclear condensate. This process influences the physical process and optical properties of clouds, the formation and development of precipitation,and indirectly affects radiation balance (Zhang, 2007).Also, aerosol chemical composition not only reflect the local atmospheric environment, but also can be transmitted over a long distance and reflect atmosphere change in the global environment (Kang and Cong, 2006). Because of its small size and large surface area, aerosol particles are the reaction carrier of various compounds in the atmosphere, affect the atmosphere’s chemical composition and environment pollution level, and can transfer materials from air to the land surface through dry and wet deposition.

    According to aerosol size (d) and the corresponding environmental effect, environmental air quality standards of China (GB 3095-1996) divide aerosol into Total Suspended Particulates (TSP: d<100 μm) and particulate matter (PM10: d<10 μm). In recent years, considering the effects on human health, aerosols can be sub-divided into lung particles (PM2.5: d<2.5 μm). TSP is the general name for all sorts of particles which are scattered in the atmosphere and is a general important pollution index of atmospheric quality assessment. TSP not only affects cloud formation and formulation of pollutant control countermeasures, but also enhances the intensity of urban island heat, and greatly influences atmospheric circulation and the hydrologic cycle (Menonet al., 2002; Jonssonet al., 2004). The study of TSP developed at the earliest due to relative easy observations, and is recently studied worldwide (Mouliet al., 2003; Taoet al., 2006; Liet al., 2008; Rastogi and Sarin, 2009; Shenet al., 2009).

    Xinjiang Province is in a typical temperate zone with a continental arid climate. The ecological environment is relatively poor and suffers the harshest sandstorm weather in all of China. Due to the influence of the Taklimakan Desert, the Tarim Basin is a high-risk area of dust weather,with many regions experiencing annual sand-dust weather of over 100 days, and in particular the Hotan area can reach up to more than 200 days. While sand dust weather causes disasters to natural and anthropogenic environments through sand burial, wind erosion, cooling, land desertification and atmospheric pollution, dust aerosols can produce certain effects on the climate (Lianget al.,2008). There have been numerous studies on the characteristics of dust weather and its influence on the Tarim Basin (Liet al., 2008; Haimitiet al., 2010; Heet al.,2010; Luet al., 2010; Puet al., 2010), but little attention on the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of TSP, especially ion concentration characteristics. In this paper, we collected TSP samples from four stations: Tazhong, Tikanli, Kashi, and Minfeng in 2009, analyzed the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of TSP concentration, and studied chemical characteristics of water-soluble ions through the determination of main water-soluble ion concentration.

    2 Research methods

    2.1 Instruments

    TSP samples were collected on glass fiber filters using a high-volume air sampler at a flow rate of 1.05 m3/min (Tianhong Intelligent Instrument Plant of Wuhan,China) at the four sites. This instrument drew the volume of gas (sampler entrance height is 1.5 m above the ground) through the weighed membrane for air suspended particles with a diameter of <100 μm. The sampling volume and membrane quality was determined after sampling, then TSP concentration was calculated. A Dionex ICS-3000 ion chromatograph was used to determine water-soluble inorganic ion concentrations of the collected TSP samples and blank. TSP mass loadings were determined gravimetrically using a Bs210s electronic balance with a sensitivity of 0.1 mg. A Millipore ultra-pure water system from the United States was used to produce ultra-pure water with a resistance rate of 18.2 MΩ/cm.

    2.2 Reagent

    According to a certain concentration proportion, we matched eight ion standard samples (F-, Cl-, SO42-, NO3-,Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+) from the Chinese standard material standard sample information center, and NH4+single ion solution from the Shanghai Boyun Company to the standard mixed solution, producing a standard curve; the resistivity of ultra-pure water is 18.2 MΩ/cm; methane sulfonic acid solution is chromatography pure.

    2.3 Sampling points layout

    The China Meteorological Bureau’s sandstorm monitoring station network has been monitoring sandstorms since 2004. Xinjiang has four sandstorm monitoring stations in Urumqi, Hami, Tazhong and Hotan, respectively,and TSP observation project has been equipped in Hami,Tazhong and Hotan. According to dust frequency in the Tarim Basin, and in order to fully understand regional dust distribution and variation trends in the Tarim Basin,we added three new TSP monitoring points in April of 2007 in east (Tikanli), west (Kashi) and south (Minfeng)of the Tarim Basin.

    2.4 Sample collection

    TSP samples were collected from January 2009 to December 2009 with four sampling sites in Kashi, Minfeng, Tikanli and Tazhong. The TSP sampling membrane filter is glass fiber filter with an aperture of 0.45 μm. Before and after sampling, the blank and sample filter membrane was placed into a drying box, with a control drying temperature of 50±2 °C. The sample filter membrane was weighed after drying for 2–6 h at a constant temperature, then wrapped in baking aluminum foil,placed into a plastic bag and stored in a refrigerator at 4 °C until analysis. TSP samples were observed one time in a sandstorm period (spring) and collected one sample a day (when a sandstorm occurs and the instruments alarm is activated, the sampling membrane should be replaced timely, and all sampling membranes in one day should be combined, weighed and calculated). Except during the sandstorm event, TSP samples were collected twice in a period of ten days, which is 1, 6, 11, 16, 21 and 26, respectively for every month. TSP sampling time was 22 h from 08:30 to 06:30 of next day, and the calculation result was the daily average value.

    2.5 Experimental analysis

    Pretreatment: cut out about 1/4 sample film from the membrane and place into a 200 mL conical flask, fully immerse the film in 25 mL of ultra-pure water, then shake the flask in a ultrasonic extraction device for about 40 minutes, then add another 25 mL of ultra-pure water for ultrasonic extraction for another 40 minutes. Afterwards,transfer the extracted liquid into a 100 mL volumetric flask to retain a constant volume, and then filter the extracted liquid through a 0.45 mm microporous membrane filter into a sample bottle for future test.

    The condition of ion chromatograph experiment: An AS11 analytical column (4×250 mm, Dionex), KOH eluent generator cartridge (EGC II KOH, Dionex) and 25 μL sample loop were employed for the determinations of anions, which included sulfate, nitrate, chloride and formate. The cations of interest, sodium, potassium, ammonium, magnesium and calcium, were determined by the same IC system with a CS12A analytical column (4×250 mm, Dionex), a 25 μL sample loop and MSA (EGC II MSA, Dionex) as the eluent.

    3 Results and discussion

    3.1 Characteristics of sand-dust weather in the study area

    Through statistical analysis of dust weather data in Tazhong, Kashi, Tikanli and Minfeng in 2009 (Table 1),it can be seen that: Minfeng has the most annual sand-dust storm days of 31, followed by Tazhong with 10,Tikanli with 1, and Kashi with no sand-dust storms.Floating dust days in Tazhong are approximately equal to those in Minfeng, and Tikanli is the least; Tazhong has the highest dust weather days, followed by Kashi and Minfeng, and Tikanli is the least. The frequency and intensity of sand dust weather is the main factor effecting dust aerosol concentration in the desert area.

    Table 1 Statistical results of sand-dust weather days during 2009 in Tazhong, Kashi, Tikanli and Minfeng

    There were only 10 sand-dust storm days in Tazhong throughout the year, while floating dust and dust weather were more with a rising trend compared with previous years (Liuet al., 2011). This phenomenon is related to the expanding green belt around Tazhong station and large green belt areas beside the desert road and in the eastern and western slopes of the operation area in Tazhong. In addition, with intensified efforts of petroleum exploration in Tazhong, and increased anthropogenic activity and disturbance to the underlying surface, floating dust and dust times were increased and the sandstorm was inhibited.

    The Hotan area, on the edge of the Taklimakan Desert,is one of the most serious affected regions for dust weather disasters. Minfeng, which is located in south of Taklimakan Desert, suffered from dust weather disasters throughout the year. Sand-dust storm days and dust days of Minfeng were 31 in 2009, and floating dust days reached 169 accounting for 46.3% for the entire year,concentrated mainly in spring and summer.

    The number of sand-dust days for Kashi and Tikanli,located in the west and east edge of the Taklimakan Desert respectively, compared with Tazhong and Minfeng,was apparently less, which shows that sand-dust weather has a greater influence on the hinterland and south edge than the west and east edge of Taklimakan Desert.

    3.2 Mass concentration distribution characteristics of TSP

    Figure 1 shows the variation of monthly mean TSP concentrations in Tazhong, Tikanli, Kashi and Minfeng in 2009. Overall, this concentration shows the same tendency in the four observation points with peak values in April and May, low values in November and December,and the concentration rises gradually with increasing dust weather events from February to May. The sand-dust weather in the four observation points frequently occurred in March–September, with the highest occurrences in spring and the least in winter. Tazhong saw the highest number of sand-dust weather days, occurring almost every day from March to July, Minfeng was the second,and Tikanli was the least. Variation of monthly mean TSP concentrations and sand-dust weather had good consistency in the four observation points. TSP mass concentration of Tazhong is high overall, increasing from spring with a maximum value of 4,357.62 μg/m3in May,decreasing from June with a minimum value of 143.48 μg/m3in November. Minfeng is the second with a maximum value of 2,753.72 μg/m3in May and a minimum value of 269.58 μg/m3in December. The maximum value in Kashi is 1,364.52 μg/m3in April and the minimum value is 367 μg/m3in December. The maximum value in Tikanli is 1,398.93 μg/m3in August and the minimum value is 238.61 μg/m3in December. Distinguished from the other three stations, the maximum value of Tikanli appeared in August due to dust weather on August 11,and TSP mass concentration was far higher than that in sunny weather with a value of 4,263.39 μg/m3which greatly contributes to the monthly mean TSP concentration.

    Figure 1 Variation of monthly mean TSP concentrations in Tazhong, Kashi, Tikanli and Minfeng in 2009

    Figure 2 shows the variation of seasonal mean TSP concentrations in Tazhong, Kashi, Tikanli and Minfeng in 2009. Overall, the highest TSP mass concentration appeared in spring, followed by summer and autumn, and winter is the lowest. Dust weather days had the same changing trend, spring is the highest, followed by summer and autumn, and winter is the lowest. This shows that dust weather is the main factor influencing TSP mass concentration.

    3.3 The characteristic of water-soluble ion concentration of TSP

    3.3.1 The characteristic of water-soluble ion total concentration of TSP

    Based on tested water-soluble inorganic ion composition of TSP samples in Tazhong, Tikanli, Kashi and Minfeng in 2009, this paper analyzed water-soluble inorganic ion distribution characteristics of atmospheric aerosol in the Tarim Basin. Figure 3 shows the variation of ion concentrations in Tazhong, Kashi, Tikanli and Minfeng in 2009, with marked high and low values of monthly mean concentration. Ion concentration is lower in January–February and October–December in each station because dust aerosols are less and heating intensity is weak in winter in the Tarim Basin. While high values of total ion concentrations of the four observation points were different, the maximum values of Tikanli and Minfeng is 179.3 μg/m3and 92.18 μg/m3, respectively in April; dust weather in Tikanli had the most frequent occurrence in April but that in Minfeng was in March. For Kashi, the maximum value is 53.29 μg/m3in July, and 259.7 μg/m3for Tazhong in September. The maximum value of Tazhong was several times higher than the other three stations due to the appearance dust weather on September 18 with a mass concentration of up to 4,070 μg/m3which is a major factor leading to significantly high total ion concentration. The variations of monthly average total ion concentrations and monthly average mass concentrations of TSP were not exactly the same.This shows that sand-dust weather is not the only reason which affects total ion concentration, and the difference of total ion concentration in each station needs further analysis.

    Table 2 shows the total annual concentration of water-soluble inorganic ions of TSP in Tazhong, Kashi,Tikanli and Minfeng with the following sequence: Tazhong > Tikanli > Minfeng > Kashi. Ion concentrations of TSP samples are in the order of SO42-> Ca2+> Na+>Cl-> NO3-> Mg2+> K+> NH4+> F-in Tikanli, SO42->Ca2+> Cl-> Na+> NO3-> Mg2+> K+> NH4+> F-in Minfeng, SO42-> Ca2+> Cl-> Na+> NO3-> NH4+>Mg2+> K+> F-in Kashi, and SO42-> Cl-> Na+> Ca2+>NO3-> Mg2+> K+> NH4+> F-in Tazhong. It can be seen that the main water-soluble inorganic ions of TSP in the four stations are SO42-, Ca2+, Na+and Cl-. The sum concentration of the four ions (SO42-, Ca2+, Na+and Cl-)are 95%, 96%, 91% and 96% of total ion concentration in the four stations respectively, and the sum concentration of water-soluble secondary ions (SO42-, NO3-and NH4+)are 61%, 52%, 60% and 53% of total ion concentration respectively, while SO42-concentrations are 58%, 50%,54%, and 51% of total ion concentration respectively.Thus, secondary ions especially SO42-have a serious effect on the Tarim Basin. Ca2+concentrations are 13%,16%, 16%, and 11% of total ion concentration, Na+concentrations are 12%, 13%, 10%, and 12% of total ion concentration, Cl-concentrations are 12%, 16%, 11%,and 22% of total ion concentration, respectively, thus,sulfate salt, calcium salt, sodium and chloride ion are the main inorganic constituents of TSP in the Tarim Basin.

    Figure 2 Variation of seasonal mean TSP concentrations in Tazhong, Kashi, Tikanli and Minfeng in 2009

    Figure 3 Variation of water-soluble inorganic ion total concentrations of TSP in Tazhong, Kashi, Tikanli and Minfeng in 2009

    Table 2 Total annual concentration of water-soluble inorganic ions of TSP in Tazhong, Kashi, Tikanli and Minfeng

    3.3.2 The variation characteristic of ion monthly concentration

    Figure 4 shows variation of water-soluble inorganic ion monthly concentrations of TSP in Tazhong, Kashi,Tikanli and Minfeng in 2009. There were three ion concentration peaks in February, April and July respectively for Tazhong, while ion concentration of the other three stations show double-peak change with peaks for Tikanli and Minfeng in April and August, respectively, and for Kashi in July. We analyzed the monthly concentration characteristics of each ion below, but F-concentration was not discussed because of its low concentration.

    Na+is one of the major cations of the four stations, its highest value is 26.53 μg/m3for Tikanli in April and the lowest value is 1.42 μg/m3for Kashi in September. The four stations had the same inverted "U" shape change trend, with the highest value in April. The dust weather in Tazhong had the most frequent occurrence and Na+annual concentration of Tazhong was the highest of the four stations. The Tarim Basin is far inland, which shows that soil and sand were the main source of Na+.

    Figure 4 Variation of water-soluble inorganic ion monthly concentrations of TSP in Tazhong, Kashi, Tikanli and Minfeng in 2009

    NH4+concentrations in the four stations were relatively low with the maximum value of 2.55 μg/m3for Kashi in July and the minimum value of 0.03 μg/m3for Tazhong in October. NH4+was not detected in Tazhong samples from April to August, in Kashi samples from March to May and from August to October, in Tikanli samples from April to October and in Minfeng samples from May to September. The high value of NH4+concentration is in January and December, while unlike the other three stations, the high value of Kashi appeared in July.Ammonia is the only alkaline gas in the atmosphere,which mainly comes from natural processes such as animal and plant activity emissions, decay of dead animals and plants and soil microbial emissions. Gaseous ammonia and secondary pollutants sulfuric acid and nitric acid from atmospheric chemical processes combine into ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate, and ammonia can react with gaseous hydrogen chloride to form ammonium chloride. During dust weather process, strong alkaline ion concentrations (Ca2+and Na+) increase, destroying the ammonium salt structure. Thus, NH4+is converted into NH3and released into the atmosphere and NH4+concentration decreased significantly.

    Variation of K+concentration over time is not obvious with a maximum value of 2.10 μg/m3for Tazhong in September and a minimum value of 0.10 μg/m3for Kashi in March. Variation of Mg2+concentration over time is also not obvious, with the highest value of 2.16 μg/m3for Tikanli in August and the lowest value of 0.06 μg/m3for Kashi in December.

    Ca2+proportion is the largest of the five types of cations and the high concentration value is concentrated in April–September with a maximum value of 29.98 μg/m3for Tazhong in September and a minimum value of 1.62 μg/m3for Minfeng in January. Ca2+is the soil dust identity element which comes from the soil. When dust weather occurs, Ca2+concentration increases significantly.Tazhong is located in the hinterland of the Taklimakan Desert, with perennial sand-dust storms, floating dust and dust weather, thus Ca2+concentration is significantly higher than in the other three stations. In addition, the other three stations located on the edge of the Taklimakan Desert have less perennial rainfall, low vegetation coverage and less winter snow which is also the reason why Ca2+ions become the main ingredient of cations.

    The highest concentration of anions is SO42-, which has the same inverted "U" shape trend as Na+with a maximum value of 118.50 μg/m3for Tazhong in September and a minimum value of 7.31 μg/m3for Minfeng in October. SO2from human emissions is oxidized in the atmosphere and turned into sulfuric acid and sulfate which are the main source of SO42-. Coal combustion and industrial pollution are the major source of SO42-.Sulfate is the main component of Taklimakan Desert dust.When dust weather occurs, a large proportion of dust is diffused in the air, atmospheric sulfate increases and SO42-concentration increases accordingly.

    Cl-is one of the main anions with a maximum value of 94.36 μg/m3for Tazhong in September and a minimum value of 0.77 μg/m3for Tikanli in June. The variation tendency of the four stations is substantially the same with a high value in April. Cl-is seconded only to SO42-,its general source is sea salt particles. The Tarim Basin is located far inland and its major source is dust aerosol. In addition, fossil fuel (such as coal) combustion can also release chloride which easily exists as fine particles in the atmosphere. This is an important reason why Cl-winter concentration is high in the Tarim Basin.

    Seasonal variation of NO3-concentration is not obvious with a maximum value of 3.49 μg/m3for Tazhong in June and a minimum value of 0.36 μg/m3for Minfeng in January. Nitrogen oxides which are initial sources of NO3-in atmospheric particles are mainly produced by vehicle exhaust. Because of the effumability of nitric acid,the formation of atmospheric particles is sensitive to factors of temperature and relative humidity, and it is difficult to comprehend atmospheric chemistry and physics regularity of NO3-.

    3.3.3 The variation characteristic of ion seasonal concentration

    Figure 5 shows the variation of water-soluble inorganic ion seasonal concentrations of TSP in Tazhong,Kashi, Tikanli and Minfeng in 2009. It can be seen that high values of Na+concentration are concentrated in spring for the four stations with the highest value in Tazhong and the low values are concentrated in autumn and winter, which also proves that the main source of Na+is local dust. NH4+concentration is low in spring and summer and high in autumn and winter. The reason is that dust weather occured more in spring and summer, thus NH4+can be changed into NH3easily and released into the atmosphere, while in autumn and winter, NH4+and secondary pollutants (sulfuric acid and nitric acid) can be combined to form salts. K+and Mg2+concentrations had no obvious seasonal differences in the four stations and are relatively low. Seasonal variation of Ca2+concentration is large in spring and summer and small in autumn and winter with the lowest value in winter. Unlike the other three stations, Ca2+concentration of Tazhong is higher in autumn, which had a great relationship with the September 18 sample as previously mentioned.

    Figure 5 Variation of water-soluble inorganic ion seasonal concentrations of TSP in Tazhong, Kashi, Tikanli and Minfeng in 2009

    Seasonal variation of Cl-concentration is obvious in the four stations with the highest value in spring and a lower value in the other three seasons. In accordance with Ca2+, Cl-concentration of Tazhong is abnormally high in autumn which is also due to the September 18 sample.This shows that Cl-and Ca2+have the same source—dust aerosol. Seasonal variation of SO42-concentration in the four stations is not very obvious, because during non-heating periods dust weather increases such that SO42-concentrations become high, while during heating periods dust weather decreases significantly, and coal combustion becomes the main source of SO42-, resulting in high SO42-concentration in the four stations perennially. NO3-concentration of Tazhong is the highest of the four stations due to expanding oil exploration, increasing machinery and vehicle use, industrial pollution and increasing emission. There is no consistency with seasonal variation of NO3-concentration and dust weather days of the other three stations, which explains why dust weather had little effect on NO3-concentration.

    3.4 Balance analysis of water soluble ions

    Compositions such as HCO3-/CO32-and organic acids of the four stations’ samples were not tested, but the nine ions detected had a good overall correlation. Figure 6 shows a balance analysis between cations and anions of TSP in Tazhong, Kashi, Tikanli and Minfeng in 2009.Correlation coefficients of Tikanli, Minfeng, Kashi and Tazhong are 0.99, 0.99, 0.25 and 0.91, respectively. The three stations had a good correlation except Kashi, indicating that the measured data was effective. Correlation coefficient of Kashi is low, possibly due to the relatively high concentration of non-detected ions except the nine ions in TSP. In addition, the average anionic concentration is 2.57, 2.12, 2.15 and 3.02 times the average cationic concentration, indicating that cations and anions of the four stations were unbalanced because of non-detected high concentration cations such as H+.

    Secondary aerosols SO42-and NO3-are the main anions in atmospheric aerosol, which reflect the impact of anthropogenic activity on the atmospheric environment.SO42-mainly comes from coal combustion and the emission source position fixes relatively, while NO3-mainly comes from oil and gas combustion and the emission sources are mobile motor vehicles. Therefore,SO42-/NO3-ratio in aerosols reflects the relative importance of stationary and mobile sources (Yeet al., 2003;Wanget al., 2005; Shenet al., 2007). According to S and N contents in coal, gasoline and diesel fuel, it is assumed that S and N are completely converted into SO42-and NO3-, respectively. SO42-/NO3-ratio, coming from coal combustion, is about 2.58 (charge concentration ratio)and SO42-/NO3-ratio, coming from gasoline and diesel combustion, is about 0.10–0.16. In these samples,SO42-/NO3-ratio in Tazhong is 3.89–28.69 with an average value of 13.54, SO42-/NO3-ratio in Kashi is 5.05–23.27 with an average value of 10.29, SO42-/NO3-ratio in Tikanli is 5.56–36.58 with an average value of 19.76 and SO42-/NO3-ratio in Minfeng is 5.58–24.95 with an average value of 16.56. This shows that the impact of fixed emission sources in the four regions on the atmosphere is far greater than that of mobile emission sources.

    Figure 6 Balance analysis between cations and anions of TSP in Tazhong, Kashi, Tikanli and Minfeng in 2009

    4 Conclusions

    Based on TSP observations of Tazhong, Tikanli, Kashi and Minfeng in 2009 combined with analysis of water-soluble inorganic ions, the conclusions are as follows:

    1) Monthly average concentrations of TSP shows the same trend in Tazhong, Tikanli, Kashi and Minfeng with peak values in April–May and low values in November–December. TSP mass concentration increases with a gradual increase of dust weather from February to May.As for the quarter average mass concentration trends,spring is the highest, followed by summer and autumn,with winter as the lowest.

    2) Total annual concentration of water-soluble inorganic ions in TSP is as follows: Tazhong > Tikanli >Minfeng > Kashi. Ion concentrations of TSP samples are in the order of: SO42-> Ca2+> Na+> Cl-> NO3->Mg2+> K+> NH4+> F-in Tikanli, SO42-> Ca2+> Cl->Na+> NO3-> Mg2+> K+> NH4+> F-in Minfeng,SO42-> Ca2+> Cl-> Na+> NO3-> NH4+> Mg2+> K+>F-in Kashi, and SO42-> Cl-> Na+> Ca2+> NO3->Mg2+> K+> NH4+> F-in Tazhong. SO42-concentrations are 58%, 50%, 54%, and 51% of total ion concentration,respectively. Ca2+concentrations are 13%, 16%, 16%,and 11% of total ion concentration, respectively. Na+concentrations are 12%, 13%, 10%, and 12% of total ion concentration, respectively. Cl-concentrations are 12%,16%, 11%, and 22% of total ion concentration, respectively in the four stations. Thus, sulfate, calcium salt, sodium and chloride ions are the main inorganic constituents of TSP in the Tarim Basin.

    3) Correlation coefficients of Tikanli, Minfeng, Kashi and Tazhong are 0.99, 0.99, 0.25 and 0.91, respectively.The three stations had a good correlation except Kashi.The average anionic concentration is 2.57, 2.12, 2.15 and 3.02 times that of average cationic concentration, indicating that cations and anions of the four stations did not balance.

    4) In these samples, the change range of SO42-/NO3-ratio in Tazhong is 3.89–28.69 with an average value of 13.54, the change range of SO42-/NO3-ratio in Kashi is 5.05–23.27 with an average value of 10.29, the change range of SO42-/NO3-ratio in Tikanli is 5.56–36.58 with an average value of 19.76 and the change range of SO42-/NO3-ratio in Minfeng is 5.58–24.95 with an average value of 16.56. This shows that the impact of fixed emission sources in the four regions on the atmosphere is far greater than mobile emission sources.

    This project was supported by Central Nonprofit Research Institutes Fundamental Research Funds for Project(No. IDM201003), Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos. 41175017, 41175140) and China Desert Meteorological Science Research Funds (Sqj2009014). We also thank anonymous reviewers for English improvements.

    Haimiti Y, Leng ZX, Gao QZ, 2010. Change of average air temperature and precipitation at Yutian Oasis in the southern part of Tarim Basin during 1960–2007. Journal of Desert Research, 30(3): 654–659.

    He Q, Liu Q, Yang XH,et al., 2010. Profiles of atmosphere boundary layer ozone in winter over hinterland of Taklimakan Desert. Journal of Desert Research, 30(4): 909–916.

    Jonsson P, Bennet C, Eliasson I,et al., 2004. Suspended particulate matter and its relations to the urban climate in Dares Salaam, Tanzania. Atmospheric Environment, 38(25): 4175–4181.

    Kang SC, Cong ZY, 2006. Progress in study on precipitation and aerosol chemistry in the Tibetan Plateau. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 28(3): 371–379.

    Li JC, Dong ZB, Wang XM,et al., 2008. Seasonal distribution and causes of dust events in Tarim Basin. Journal of Desert Research,28(1): 142–148.

    Li YY, Xiao HY, Liu XY,et al., 2008. The chemical characteristics and seasonal variation of water-soluble inorganic ions in TSP in Guiyang. Bulletin of Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry, 27(1):493–494.

    Liang Y, Liu XC, He Q,et al., 2008. Analysis on total dust fall during spring and summer in Xinjiang. Journal of Desert Research, 28(5):992–994.

    Liu XC, Zhong YT, He Q, 2011. Spatial and temporal characteristics and influencing factors of PM10in the hinterland of Taklimakan Desert and the surrounding areas. Journal of Desert Research, 31(2):323–330.

    Lu H, Wei WS, Liu MZ,et al., 2010. Aerosol scattering properties in the hinterland of Taklimakan Desert. Journal of Desert Research,30(3): 660–667.

    Menon S, Hansen J, Nazarenko L,et al., 2002. Climate effects of black carbon aerosols in China and India. Science, 297: 2250–2253.

    Mouli CP, Mohan VS, Reddy JS, 2003. A study on major inorganic ion composition of atmospheric aerosols at Tirupati. Journal of Hazardous Materials, B96: 217–228.

    Pu ZC, Zhang SQ, Li JL,et al., 2010. Climate change of area around Taklimakan desert during 1961–2007. Journal of Desert Research,30(2): 413–421.

    Rastogi N, Sarin MM, 2009. Quantitative chemical composition and characteristics of aerosols over western India: one-year record of temporal variability. Atmospheric Environment, 43: 3481–3488.

    Shen ZX, Huo ZQ, Han YM,et al., 2009. Chemical composition of water-soluble ions in aerosols over Xi’an in heating and non–heating seasons. Plateau Meteorology, 28(1): 151–158.

    Shen ZX, Li LZ, Du N,et al., 2007. Mass concentration and water-soluble ions in spring aerosol (PM2.5) at Xi’an. Ecology and Environment, 16(4): 1193–1198.

    Tao J, Chen GC, Zhong CQ, 2006. Chemical characteristics of water-soluble components in TSP over Chongqing. Environmental Monitoring in China, 22(6): 71–74.

    Wang MX, 1999. Atmospheric Chemistry. China Meteorological Press,Beijing, pp. 166–167.

    Wang Y, Zhuang GS, Tang AH,et al., 2005. The ion chemistry and the source of PM2.5 aerosol in Beijing. Atmospheric Environment, 39:3771–3784.

    Ye BM, Ji XL, Yang HZ,et al., 2003. Concentration and chemical composition of PM2.5 in Shanghai for a 1-year period. Atmospheric Environment, 37: 499–510.

    Zhang XY, 2007. The research of atmospheric aerosol and its climate effect in China. Advance in Earth Sciences, 22(1): 12–16.

    国产成人福利小说| 香蕉久久夜色| 国产单亲对白刺激| 国产真实乱freesex| 日韩av在线大香蕉| 欧美性猛交黑人性爽| 黄片小视频在线播放| av天堂在线播放| 我的老师免费观看完整版| 亚洲中文字幕一区二区三区有码在线看 | 国产精品国产高清国产av| 免费在线观看影片大全网站| 亚洲国产欧洲综合997久久,| 日韩高清综合在线| 午夜久久久久精精品| 日本熟妇午夜| 无遮挡黄片免费观看| 床上黄色一级片| 亚洲五月天丁香| 成年女人毛片免费观看观看9| 成人精品一区二区免费| 999久久久国产精品视频| 国产精品久久久人人做人人爽| 黄频高清免费视频| 久久久国产成人精品二区| 亚洲av中文字字幕乱码综合| 好男人电影高清在线观看| 88av欧美| 男人和女人高潮做爰伦理| 色尼玛亚洲综合影院| 欧美绝顶高潮抽搐喷水| 亚洲乱码一区二区免费版| 久久精品综合一区二区三区| 操出白浆在线播放| 亚洲av中文字字幕乱码综合| 国产极品精品免费视频能看的| 日本 av在线| 亚洲av第一区精品v没综合| 午夜精品久久久久久毛片777| 在线免费观看不下载黄p国产 | 久久久久久久久免费视频了| 精品久久久久久久久久免费视频| 在线观看日韩欧美| 欧美成人一区二区免费高清观看 | 久久国产精品人妻蜜桃| 成人三级做爰电影| 久久精品国产99精品国产亚洲性色| 美女高潮的动态| 最新在线观看一区二区三区| 色综合欧美亚洲国产小说| 国产v大片淫在线免费观看| 成年女人毛片免费观看观看9| 美女扒开内裤让男人捅视频| 亚洲天堂国产精品一区在线| 国产精品电影一区二区三区| 亚洲无线观看免费| 在线观看66精品国产| 日韩欧美 国产精品| 亚洲av美国av| 成人av在线播放网站| 精品久久久久久久久久免费视频| 黄色 视频免费看| 在线永久观看黄色视频| 亚洲熟妇中文字幕五十中出| 黄色日韩在线| 成人一区二区视频在线观看| 精品久久久久久久久久久久久| 高潮久久久久久久久久久不卡| 国产 一区 欧美 日韩| 美女被艹到高潮喷水动态| 好看av亚洲va欧美ⅴa在| 国产伦在线观看视频一区| 亚洲最大成人中文| 久久精品91蜜桃| 午夜福利在线在线| 久久久久国产一级毛片高清牌| 1024手机看黄色片| 国模一区二区三区四区视频 | 日本撒尿小便嘘嘘汇集6| 成人三级做爰电影| 国产欧美日韩精品一区二区| 熟女电影av网| 国产精品香港三级国产av潘金莲| www.999成人在线观看| 国内毛片毛片毛片毛片毛片| 两个人视频免费观看高清| 欧美成人性av电影在线观看| 久久精品国产清高在天天线| 波多野结衣高清作品| 亚洲精品粉嫩美女一区| 黄色视频,在线免费观看| 99riav亚洲国产免费| 两性夫妻黄色片| 亚洲欧美激情综合另类| 亚洲精品456在线播放app | 最新在线观看一区二区三区| 午夜久久久久精精品| 亚洲国产日韩欧美精品在线观看 | 国产亚洲av高清不卡| www.自偷自拍.com| 色综合亚洲欧美另类图片| 嫩草影院精品99| 色精品久久人妻99蜜桃| 亚洲色图 男人天堂 中文字幕| 亚洲第一欧美日韩一区二区三区| xxx96com| 曰老女人黄片| 97人妻精品一区二区三区麻豆| 日本免费a在线| 成年女人毛片免费观看观看9| 少妇熟女aⅴ在线视频| 日韩 欧美 亚洲 中文字幕| 免费搜索国产男女视频| 国产成人av激情在线播放| 亚洲熟女毛片儿| 国产精品一区二区三区四区久久| 99久久国产精品久久久| 国产精品亚洲美女久久久| 亚洲成人中文字幕在线播放| 免费看十八禁软件| 波多野结衣巨乳人妻| 国产精品久久久久久亚洲av鲁大| 免费大片18禁| xxx96com| 免费看a级黄色片| 日本免费a在线| 精品久久久久久成人av| 麻豆久久精品国产亚洲av| 麻豆国产97在线/欧美| 女警被强在线播放| 99国产精品一区二区三区| 中文字幕人成人乱码亚洲影| 俺也久久电影网| 日本一本二区三区精品| 亚洲成人久久性| 色综合站精品国产| 午夜福利成人在线免费观看| 亚洲专区国产一区二区| 19禁男女啪啪无遮挡网站| 非洲黑人性xxxx精品又粗又长| 欧美乱色亚洲激情| 欧美黄色片欧美黄色片| av女优亚洲男人天堂 | 99国产精品一区二区蜜桃av| 人妻久久中文字幕网| 成人三级做爰电影| 国产真人三级小视频在线观看| 黄色女人牲交| 国产黄色小视频在线观看| 国产成人精品无人区| 又大又爽又粗| 国产高清视频在线观看网站| 51午夜福利影视在线观看| 亚洲欧美日韩卡通动漫| 午夜精品久久久久久毛片777| 午夜福利成人在线免费观看| 看黄色毛片网站| 亚洲成人免费电影在线观看| 在线视频色国产色| 亚洲中文av在线| 嫁个100分男人电影在线观看| 99久久综合精品五月天人人| 久久久久久久久中文| 日本黄大片高清| 黄色女人牲交| 亚洲av熟女| 桃色一区二区三区在线观看| 99热精品在线国产| 午夜福利在线观看免费完整高清在 | 久久99热这里只有精品18| 69av精品久久久久久| bbb黄色大片| 欧美成人免费av一区二区三区| 嫁个100分男人电影在线观看| 精品国产乱子伦一区二区三区| e午夜精品久久久久久久| 老鸭窝网址在线观看| 久久中文字幕一级| 国产av不卡久久| 亚洲精品色激情综合| 精品久久久久久,| 亚洲成人免费电影在线观看| 国产成+人综合+亚洲专区| 天堂av国产一区二区熟女人妻| 精品一区二区三区av网在线观看| 午夜精品一区二区三区免费看| 欧美绝顶高潮抽搐喷水| 国产一区二区激情短视频| 久久草成人影院| 久久国产精品影院| 最近视频中文字幕2019在线8| 成熟少妇高潮喷水视频| 亚洲 国产 在线| 亚洲aⅴ乱码一区二区在线播放| 最新美女视频免费是黄的| 日韩人妻高清精品专区| 日韩高清综合在线| 又黄又粗又硬又大视频| 色吧在线观看| 日本撒尿小便嘘嘘汇集6| 亚洲av片天天在线观看| 悠悠久久av| 亚洲熟妇熟女久久| 一边摸一边抽搐一进一小说| 99久久精品国产亚洲精品| 国产探花在线观看一区二区| 午夜两性在线视频| 九九久久精品国产亚洲av麻豆 | 国产精品 国内视频| x7x7x7水蜜桃| 人妻丰满熟妇av一区二区三区| 国产精品一区二区精品视频观看| 村上凉子中文字幕在线| 女生性感内裤真人,穿戴方法视频| 精品久久久久久久末码| 成年女人毛片免费观看观看9| 中文资源天堂在线| 91字幕亚洲| 国产蜜桃级精品一区二区三区| 亚洲国产欧美网| 女同久久另类99精品国产91| 美女免费视频网站| 九色成人免费人妻av| a级毛片在线看网站| 国内精品久久久久久久电影| 一本精品99久久精品77| 成人国产综合亚洲| 午夜影院日韩av| 国产一区二区在线av高清观看| 久久午夜亚洲精品久久| 国产又黄又爽又无遮挡在线| www日本在线高清视频| 999久久久精品免费观看国产| 午夜福利欧美成人| 亚洲精品粉嫩美女一区| 亚洲精华国产精华精| 97超级碰碰碰精品色视频在线观看| 啦啦啦观看免费观看视频高清| 国产精品1区2区在线观看.| 亚洲欧美日韩无卡精品| or卡值多少钱| 午夜激情欧美在线| 中文字幕久久专区| 久久香蕉精品热| 日本 av在线| 99国产精品一区二区蜜桃av| 91麻豆av在线| 国产亚洲精品一区二区www| 国产爱豆传媒在线观看| 免费高清视频大片| 国产真实乱freesex| 国产成+人综合+亚洲专区| 他把我摸到了高潮在线观看| 99久国产av精品| 日本黄色视频三级网站网址| 亚洲,欧美精品.| 99久久无色码亚洲精品果冻| 久久久国产成人精品二区| 色综合婷婷激情| 国产高潮美女av| 欧美黑人欧美精品刺激| 午夜福利视频1000在线观看| 丰满人妻熟妇乱又伦精品不卡| 动漫黄色视频在线观看| 狠狠狠狠99中文字幕| 99国产精品99久久久久| 97超视频在线观看视频| 亚洲一区高清亚洲精品| 禁无遮挡网站| 欧美成狂野欧美在线观看| 19禁男女啪啪无遮挡网站| 两个人视频免费观看高清| 欧美日韩一级在线毛片| 中出人妻视频一区二区| 国产亚洲精品一区二区www| 日本与韩国留学比较| 听说在线观看完整版免费高清| e午夜精品久久久久久久| 日本熟妇午夜| 婷婷六月久久综合丁香| 男女视频在线观看网站免费| 久久精品国产综合久久久| 黄片小视频在线播放| 欧美极品一区二区三区四区| 国产野战对白在线观看| 可以在线观看的亚洲视频| 九九在线视频观看精品| 国产成人精品久久二区二区91| 99国产精品99久久久久| 国产一区二区激情短视频| 美女扒开内裤让男人捅视频| 久久人人精品亚洲av| 欧美成狂野欧美在线观看| 国产精品一区二区三区四区免费观看 | 亚洲精品在线观看二区| 最近视频中文字幕2019在线8| 亚洲av熟女| 一进一出好大好爽视频| 91在线精品国自产拍蜜月 | 亚洲国产欧美一区二区综合| 亚洲男人的天堂狠狠| 岛国在线观看网站| 国产三级在线视频| 十八禁网站免费在线| 婷婷丁香在线五月| 免费看a级黄色片| tocl精华| 日本黄色视频三级网站网址| 男人的好看免费观看在线视频| 亚洲专区字幕在线| or卡值多少钱| 成人一区二区视频在线观看| 亚洲国产欧洲综合997久久,| xxx96com| 欧美午夜高清在线| 成人亚洲精品av一区二区| 成人国产一区最新在线观看| 最近在线观看免费完整版| 老熟妇乱子伦视频在线观看| 两个人视频免费观看高清| 久久久久久久久中文| 亚洲av免费在线观看| 午夜成年电影在线免费观看| 在线观看一区二区三区| 欧美黄色淫秽网站| 久久欧美精品欧美久久欧美| 操出白浆在线播放| 此物有八面人人有两片| 日韩有码中文字幕| 我的老师免费观看完整版| 中国美女看黄片| www日本在线高清视频| 制服丝袜大香蕉在线| 免费一级毛片在线播放高清视频| 日韩欧美三级三区| av黄色大香蕉| 宅男免费午夜| 日韩欧美国产在线观看| 日韩欧美一区二区三区在线观看| 国产av一区在线观看免费| 亚洲成人中文字幕在线播放| 性欧美人与动物交配| 国产精品综合久久久久久久免费| 在线观看日韩欧美| 日韩免费av在线播放| 日本一二三区视频观看| 亚洲专区国产一区二区| 母亲3免费完整高清在线观看| 欧美日韩瑟瑟在线播放| 搡老妇女老女人老熟妇| 人人妻人人看人人澡| 一二三四社区在线视频社区8| 国产av一区在线观看免费| 久久精品国产亚洲av香蕉五月| 欧美成人免费av一区二区三区| 亚洲真实伦在线观看| 麻豆成人午夜福利视频| 国产高清视频在线播放一区| 午夜精品久久久久久毛片777| 中文亚洲av片在线观看爽| 免费人成视频x8x8入口观看| 亚洲av五月六月丁香网| 夜夜爽天天搞| 在线a可以看的网站| 亚洲aⅴ乱码一区二区在线播放| 两性午夜刺激爽爽歪歪视频在线观看| av视频在线观看入口| 国产精品亚洲美女久久久| 久久久久久大精品| 国产精品电影一区二区三区| 一个人免费在线观看的高清视频| 波多野结衣巨乳人妻| 天堂√8在线中文| 国产高清三级在线| 国产欧美日韩精品亚洲av| 久久国产精品人妻蜜桃| 免费av毛片视频| www.精华液| av欧美777| 午夜成年电影在线免费观看| 久久这里只有精品中国| 欧美中文综合在线视频| 亚洲美女视频黄频| 国产精品久久电影中文字幕| 久久精品aⅴ一区二区三区四区| 欧美一级毛片孕妇| 国产免费av片在线观看野外av| 精品99又大又爽又粗少妇毛片 | 精品久久久久久久久久久久久| 一a级毛片在线观看| 亚洲av电影不卡..在线观看| 国产主播在线观看一区二区| 熟女少妇亚洲综合色aaa.| 国产精品香港三级国产av潘金莲| 成人18禁在线播放| 国产精品一区二区三区四区久久| 人妻丰满熟妇av一区二区三区| 亚洲,欧美精品.| 高潮久久久久久久久久久不卡| 一二三四社区在线视频社区8| 91老司机精品| 亚洲精品美女久久久久99蜜臀| 窝窝影院91人妻| 亚洲精品粉嫩美女一区| 精品久久久久久久人妻蜜臀av| 欧美一区二区国产精品久久精品| 国产成+人综合+亚洲专区| 99国产综合亚洲精品| 欧美乱色亚洲激情| 亚洲七黄色美女视频| 欧美日韩精品网址| 亚洲国产欧美一区二区综合| 在线a可以看的网站| 毛片女人毛片| 999久久久国产精品视频| 久99久视频精品免费| 两个人的视频大全免费| 热99re8久久精品国产| 91字幕亚洲| 黄色片一级片一级黄色片| 人妻夜夜爽99麻豆av| 在线观看免费午夜福利视频| 老熟妇仑乱视频hdxx| www.www免费av| 黑人操中国人逼视频| www.熟女人妻精品国产| 动漫黄色视频在线观看| 叶爱在线成人免费视频播放| 中文在线观看免费www的网站| 亚洲成人精品中文字幕电影| 高清毛片免费观看视频网站| 特级一级黄色大片| 国产一区二区激情短视频| 91老司机精品| 精品国产美女av久久久久小说| 极品教师在线免费播放| 久久国产精品人妻蜜桃| 日韩 欧美 亚洲 中文字幕| 国产日本99.免费观看| 悠悠久久av| 久久久色成人| 亚洲人成网站在线播放欧美日韩| 欧美激情在线99| 不卡av一区二区三区| 噜噜噜噜噜久久久久久91| 亚洲在线自拍视频| 1024香蕉在线观看| 国产激情久久老熟女| 天天躁狠狠躁夜夜躁狠狠躁| 夜夜夜夜夜久久久久| 日韩人妻高清精品专区| 亚洲欧美日韩高清专用| 一级黄色大片毛片| 久久香蕉精品热| 两个人的视频大全免费| 日本 欧美在线| 91九色精品人成在线观看| 免费大片18禁| 久久天堂一区二区三区四区| 欧美黄色淫秽网站| 2021天堂中文幕一二区在线观| 国产真实乱freesex| 亚洲成人久久性| 久久久色成人| 国产精品一区二区三区四区免费观看 | 高清在线国产一区| 国产成人系列免费观看| 精品一区二区三区视频在线 | 好男人电影高清在线观看| 美女cb高潮喷水在线观看 | 欧美性猛交╳xxx乱大交人| 中文在线观看免费www的网站| 在线视频色国产色| 1024手机看黄色片| 变态另类成人亚洲欧美熟女| 免费搜索国产男女视频| 天天一区二区日本电影三级| 97超视频在线观看视频| 精品午夜福利视频在线观看一区| 成人av一区二区三区在线看| 久久久久久大精品| 熟女少妇亚洲综合色aaa.| 人妻夜夜爽99麻豆av| 亚洲av熟女| 麻豆一二三区av精品| 久久这里只有精品中国| 黄色片一级片一级黄色片| 国产精品国产高清国产av| 亚洲av电影在线进入| 成人亚洲精品av一区二区| 老熟妇仑乱视频hdxx| a级毛片在线看网站| 看免费av毛片| 国产不卡一卡二| 97超级碰碰碰精品色视频在线观看| 日本黄色视频三级网站网址| 一夜夜www| 久久久久久久久中文| 色吧在线观看| 婷婷丁香在线五月| 伊人久久大香线蕉亚洲五| 日韩av在线大香蕉| 一本综合久久免费| 国产精品av久久久久免费| 脱女人内裤的视频| 一进一出好大好爽视频| 久久久久久久久免费视频了| 99在线人妻在线中文字幕| 真人做人爱边吃奶动态| 精品国产乱码久久久久久男人| 国内精品一区二区在线观看| 免费看十八禁软件| 夜夜看夜夜爽夜夜摸| 欧美成狂野欧美在线观看| 国产极品精品免费视频能看的| 麻豆国产av国片精品| 日韩人妻高清精品专区| 最新在线观看一区二区三区| 热99在线观看视频| 怎么达到女性高潮| 俄罗斯特黄特色一大片| 亚洲专区国产一区二区| 亚洲色图 男人天堂 中文字幕| 一区二区三区高清视频在线| 婷婷丁香在线五月| 久久99热这里只有精品18| 国产 一区 欧美 日韩| 国产精品日韩av在线免费观看| 99国产精品99久久久久| 久久中文字幕一级| 亚洲专区国产一区二区| 国产欧美日韩一区二区精品| 亚洲 国产 在线| 国产视频内射| 日韩成人在线观看一区二区三区| 国产高清videossex| 宅男免费午夜| 一级毛片女人18水好多| 免费大片18禁| av福利片在线观看| 性色av乱码一区二区三区2| 波多野结衣巨乳人妻| 99热这里只有是精品50| 亚洲成人免费电影在线观看| av视频在线观看入口| 国产成+人综合+亚洲专区| 一个人免费在线观看电影 | 国产又色又爽无遮挡免费看| 91麻豆av在线| 五月伊人婷婷丁香| 亚洲欧美激情综合另类| 国产极品精品免费视频能看的| 男人和女人高潮做爰伦理| 精品电影一区二区在线| 一进一出抽搐动态| 1000部很黄的大片| 久9热在线精品视频| 国内精品美女久久久久久| 一本久久中文字幕| av天堂中文字幕网| 18美女黄网站色大片免费观看| 亚洲欧美日韩东京热| 国产一区二区在线av高清观看| 精品一区二区三区av网在线观看| 免费电影在线观看免费观看| 日本在线视频免费播放| 国产高清激情床上av| 国产精品 欧美亚洲| 久久久成人免费电影| 蜜桃久久精品国产亚洲av| 国产乱人伦免费视频| 18美女黄网站色大片免费观看| 在线a可以看的网站| 男插女下体视频免费在线播放| 国产精品亚洲一级av第二区| 亚洲欧美日韩卡通动漫| 黑人巨大精品欧美一区二区mp4| 高清毛片免费观看视频网站| 九九在线视频观看精品| 性色avwww在线观看| 亚洲电影在线观看av| 国产精华一区二区三区| 人妻夜夜爽99麻豆av| 别揉我奶头~嗯~啊~动态视频| 悠悠久久av| 亚洲成人久久爱视频| 国产av在哪里看| 亚洲国产精品久久男人天堂| 极品教师在线免费播放| 女同久久另类99精品国产91| 亚洲一区高清亚洲精品| 深夜精品福利| 免费在线观看视频国产中文字幕亚洲| 午夜精品在线福利| 男人舔女人下体高潮全视频| 国产精品野战在线观看| 中亚洲国语对白在线视频| 亚洲成人精品中文字幕电影| 国产精品一区二区免费欧美| 国产成人精品久久二区二区91| 男人舔女人的私密视频| 亚洲天堂国产精品一区在线| 国产精品精品国产色婷婷| 两个人的视频大全免费| 最新在线观看一区二区三区| 精品国产三级普通话版| 日韩大尺度精品在线看网址| 国内精品一区二区在线观看| 国产精品九九99| netflix在线观看网站| 亚洲aⅴ乱码一区二区在线播放| 国产精品1区2区在线观看.| 中国美女看黄片| 国产极品精品免费视频能看的| 欧美色视频一区免费|