孫愛坤
英語中經(jīng)常用某些句型或某些詞匯來強調(diào)句子中的某個成分,以加強語氣或增加感情色彩。我們通常遇到的有以下幾種情況:
1.用強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)“It is/was…that/who…”強調(diào)句子中除動詞外的任何一個成分,如: 主語,賓語,狀語等。
e.g. Mr. Smith bought a new car from the factory last year.(原句)
It was Mr. Smith that bought a new car from the factory last year.(強調(diào)主語)
It was a new car that Mr. Smith bought from the factory last year.(強調(diào)賓語)
It was from the factory last year that Mr. Smith bought a new car.(強調(diào)狀語)
It was not until he came back that I knew that truth. (強調(diào)從句)
被強調(diào)的成分是人時,可以用who取代that;但是強調(diào)其他成分時,必須用that。強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)的特點是:把it is/ was…that…去掉,剩余的成分仍然是完整的句子。強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)不僅用于肯定句式,還可以用于疑問句式。例如:
Who was it that you wrote a letter to?
你到底在給誰寫信?
Where was it that you met that girl?
你到底在哪里碰見的那位姑娘?
2.通過使用助動詞do及其變化形式(如did ;does)來表示強調(diào),但是do只能加強實義動詞的意義,常意為 “的確\一定\確實”,常用于陳述肯定句或祈使句中。例如:
Do be careful.
一定要當心啊!
He does work hard.
他工作的確很努力。
Mr. Smith did write a letter to you.
史密斯先生的確給你寫過信。
3.通過使用名詞或介詞短語來表示意義上的強調(diào),如the hell,on earth,the devil,in the world,at all 等,這些短語常用作插入語。例如:
Where the hell have you been to?
你究竟去哪兒了?
What on earth is it?
這到底是什么?
The teacher is not at all fit for the post.
那位老師根本不稱職。
Where in the world did you go?你到底去哪兒了?
4.借用反身代詞或不定代詞作同位語表示強調(diào)。例如:
We ourselves made out a list of books last night.
昨晚我們親自開的書單。
She herself told me about it.
她親自告訴我的。
The plan itself is very important.
計劃本身很重要。
Tell them both to leave the room.
叫他們倆都離開那個房間。
5.借用形容詞own,very,only,right等,或者副詞never,ever,even,simply,just,extremely等表示強調(diào)。例如:
It was my own idea.
這僅僅是我的想法。
At that very moment he heard to call for help.
就在那時,他聽到有人喊救命。
They are the only persons fit for the job.
他們是唯一能做這項工作的人。
He has never been to Beijing.
他從未去過北京。
6.借用同源賓語進行強調(diào),加強語氣。例如:
They are living a happy life.
他們過著幸福的生活。
Last night I dreamed a sweet dream.
昨晚我做了一個好夢。
The soldier died a heros death.
那位士兵死得光榮。
7.通過倒裝進行強調(diào),表示程度上的強化,常用來強調(diào)狀語從句。例如:
Proud as these nobles are, they are afraid to see me.
盡管這些貴族很傲慢,但是他們很怕見到我。
Search as I would, I could find no sigh of him.
盡管我找了,但是沒有找到他。
Cold though it was, I went out for a walk.
盡管冷,我還是要出去散步。
Boy as he is, he can tell right from wrong.
盡管他是個孩子,但是他能分辨是非。
Child though he was, he did much work for his father.
盡管他是個孩子,他幫父親干了不少活。
8.用whatever,whoever,whichever,however, whenever,wherever等引導名詞性從句或讓步狀語從句來進行強調(diào)。例如:
What we need most is your help.
我們最需要的是你的幫助。
Mr. Smith always gives his help to whoever is in need of his help.史密斯先生總是幫助那些需要幫助的人。
Whenever we could finish the work will be a success.
無論何時我們完成任務都是成功的。
Wherever you go, you will hear the same story.
無論到那兒,你都會聽到同一個故事。