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Abstract:Based on the situation of continental sandstone oil fields in high water cut stage,a study carried out on the development situation,problems and strategic countermeasures of the continental sandstone oilfields in high water cut period.On the basis of the comprehensive research on Chinese continental sandstone oilfields development status,from three angels of middle-high permeability oilfield,low permeability oilfield and fault block oil field,this paper summarizes the development problems and effective development strategy countermeasures for different types of oil fields.The results are as follows:For middle-high permeability oilfields,putting forward the proposal that well pattern thickening should be in combination with tertiary recovery:in low permeability reservoir,it should be mainly depending on CO2flooding,microbial flooding as supplement,gas flooding,microbial flooding and thermal recovery experiments should be suggested in the fault block oilfields.The research results are of important guiding significance and reference value for the effective development of extra high water cut stage for continental sandstone oil fields in China.

continental sandstone;extra high water cut period;development strategy;tertiary recovery;enhanced oil recovery

Abstract:Several commercial oil flow wells have been drilled in Ordos basin's Chang 9 formation in the last few years,.They all showed a great prospect of exploration.But exploration process has been delayed because of some arguments about the provenance of particular areas.Determining the provenance of Chang 9 interval can provide us with a better understanding of block's geology,and obtain the evidence of exploration.In this study,we get samples from outcrop and cores.By using polarizing microscope to observe sand stone slice,more information about heavy and light mineral compositions has been obtained.Based on the mineralogical composition,by measuring the ancient water flow combined with peripheral outcrop,and the geological back ground,we can find out that different district has different characteristics of the heavy and light mineral combination.What's more,Chang 9 sedimentary period is a typical intermountain basin,it mainly comes from five sources.They are distributed in northeast,northwest,west,southwest,south respectively,and converge at Wuqi and Fuxian in the center of the basin.The existence of the east source shows there might have north-south central ancient anteclise that provide a part of west sediments.While existence of the south source shows the district of Ningxian,Zhengning,and Yijun have condition to form hydrocarbon enrichment areas with exploration potential.

Key words:provenance;heavy mineral;light mineral sediment;Chang 9 interval of Yanchang formation;Ordos basin

Abstract:To clear the types of Authigene Clay Minerals in T1b group and its relations to oil-gas and offer the guidelines to favorable reservoir forecast in MB Slope,this paper analyzes comprehensively the core,slice,lamina,SEM,well test and regional accumulation condition.The results suggest that,there mainly developed three types of authigene clay minerals,namely,K,I/S,I in T1b Group.K has positive correlation with reservoir physical property,while I/S and I have negative correlation with reservoir physical property.Oil layers are relatively rich in K and poor in I,while water layers are relatively rich in I and poor in K.Near-shore distributary channel-estuary dams developed mainly K,whose physical property is favorable,while off-shore estuary dams developed mainly I/S and I,whose physical property is poor.The favorable exploration potential regions is located mainly in Near-shore distributary channel-estuary dams in fan-delta front in south of well AH1-M18-M6,and the south of well M003-M006,covering nearly 500 km2.

Key words:MB slope;T1b group;authigene clay minerals;Kaolinite(K);Illite/Smectite(I/S);Illite

Abstract:The types and characteristics of paleontological fossil and minerals composition of the oil shale of palaeogene in Ning'an basin have been analyzed;the geochemical characteristics of various elements in the oil shale have been analyzed and compared.The paleoclimate condition and the sedimentary environments of Paleogene oil shale in Ning'an basin were discussed.Results show that the paleontological type in oil shale is mainly the herbaceous plant and deciduous broad-leaved forest in temperate and subtropical zone;the ratios of m(Mn)/m(Ti)is between 0.02 and 0.11,the ratios of m(Sr)/m(Ba)is between 0.48 and 0.68,the ratios of m(Ni)/m(Co)is between 0.02 and 0.11,the ratios of m(Ni)/m(V)is between 0.48 and 0.68,the ratios of m(V)/m(V+Ni)is between 0.48 and 0.68,theδCe value is between 0.76 and 0.87.The oil shale was formed in freshwater lake-swamp facies of inshore,reduction sedimentary environment.So it is very important to develop the research for confirming the sedimentary environments of Paleogene oil shale and the potential of the oil shale exploration.

Key words:Hailang depression;Palaeogen;oil shale;sedimentary environment;Ning'an basin

Abstract:This paper adopts marine controlled-source electromagnetic method(MCSEM)1D forward program to discuss the possibility of taking advantage of MCSEM to monitor submarine oil and gas while being exploited.Based on the characteristic of variedness in reservoir resistivity while hydrocarbon migration,we design and calculate different kinds of submarine resistivity models by putting receivers on seafloors and wells.We discuss the electromagnetic response of dipole.The discussion result shows that adopting MCSEM to monitor later development of submarine oil and gas has huge potential advantage.

Key words:exploitation of seafloor oil and gas;MCSEM;resistivity model;MEM;one-dimension forward;monitor

Abstract:In view of the fact that there few researches on calcareous dry layer distribution and controlling factors on the lower section of the first member of neogene Zhujiang formation in Shenhu uplift,we focus on the sedimentary facies,ancient environment and the relationships between calcareous layer and diagenetic evolution,also and hydrocarbon filling.Combined with sedimentary mineralogy,petrology,and well logging,the calcareous dry layer is identified as dense calcareous sandstone with low gamma,high resistance,high density and low acoustic slowness features.The calcareous dry layer becomes thinner and the less from the delta front to shallow marine facies,also the thicker as the high of structural position in the paleoand form and sand rates.The late calcareous layer was inferred from the paleogeotemperature at 40℃from the isotopes ofδ13C is-3.32‰、δ18O is-4.69‰,that is the thicker in the middle of sandstone than the neighbor interface between sandstone and mudstone.When the oil saturation at least 40%in this area,it is a negative correlation between oil saturation and the content of carbonate cements.

Key words:Shenhu uplift;lower section of the first member of Zhujiang formation;calcareous layer distribution;key controlling factor

Abstract:Organic and inorganic heterogeneity evaluation with logging curves is the key to shale oil and gas exploration,the logging normalization ensures the effect of interpretation models by reducing the system error among the multiple well.Therefore,logging normalization directly affects the precision of heterogeneity evaluation of oil bearing mud shale.Because of the strong heterogeneity,the marker bed with the characteristics of uniform lithology and similar curve response is difficult to be optimized in oil bearing mud shale which restricts logging normalization in mud shale.According to the geological characteristics of mud shale of Qingshankou Formation in Wangfu Depression,both virtual marked beds are built by establishing multi low-organic mudstone and high-organic mudstone with the combination of sonic and resistivity curves which reduce the effect of heterogeneity,the marker bed values are determined with the trend surface analysis,and then the log normalization can be achieved.The normalization curve is applied to the TOC evaluation,and the TOC value calculated with normalization curve is in agreement with the measured data,compared with TOC value calculated with original curve,the average relative error of TOC calculated decreases by 24.1%.This method can be applied to curve normalization in mud shale with the characteristics of strong heterogeneity and lacking stable marked bed.

Key words:Wangfu depression;Qingshankou group;logging normalization;mud shale;TOC evaluation;marked bed;trend surface analysis

Abstract:The eighth member(H8)gas reservoir of Shihezi formation in Sulige gas field is of great thickness and complex internal structure,the lithology varies rapidly laterally,resulting in reservoir architecture severely constrains on the understanding degree of underground sandbody and the effective reservoir,and effects on the well deployment,well path design and development effectiveness of the vertical and horizontal wells.Based on the method of reservoir architecture analysis and guided by the architectural model from ancient outcrop and modern sediment,this paper,by means of the recognition technology by core and well logging curve,analyzes the genetic types and internal architecture of H8,clearly discriminating the sedimentary characteristics of each composition unit,architectural model,developing scale and spatial stacking patterns of braided channel.The results show that the study area is sandy braided river facies;thick reservoir is mainly braided compound channel sandbody,and identifies 4 types of subfacies and 7microfacies,establishes its internal architecture mode of nearly horizontal or horizontal wavy thin interbed,4 types spatial stacking models of braided channel.The research results provide a solid geological basis for deepening the reservoir awareness,guiding the horizontal well and the geosteering.

Key words:braided channel;reservoir internal architecture;effective reservoir stacking mode;Sulige gas field;the eighth member gas reservoir of Shihezi formation

Abstract:Technology of PPG/Polymer/Surfactant flooding is employed to enhance oil recovery in reservoirs after polymer flooding.This paper describes and analyzes the results of PPG/Polymer/Surfactant flooding in laboratory,and evaluates the plugging,profiling and flooding effects in the pilot test.The resistance factor,plugging efficiency,profile adjustment ability of the PPG is higher than that of poly-mer.The PPG/Polymer/Surfactant flooding system could enhance oil recovery after polymer flooding by 13.6%in laboratory,higher than the sum of Polymer/Surfactant(P+S)flooding and Polymer+PPG flooding.Its field dynamic characteristics are different from P+S flooding and polymer flooding.The profile modified alternately in vertical.The water cut of 7 production wells decreased greatly in step.The oil production increment was more than that of P+S flooding and polymer flooding.

Key words:PPG/Polymer/Surfactant flooding;after polymer flooding;pluging and profiling;enhanced oil recovery;field test

Abstract:To solve the problem of high water-cut rate and residual polymer in Bohai oilfield formation invalid produced with produced liquid after polymer flooding,a new kind of residual polymer recycled oil displacement agent which is suit for Bohai oilfield off shore was prepared and its formula was given.The flocculent can control water cut rising velocity and expand sweep efficiency of the fluid.The results show that the residual polymer flooding agent modified starch cationic polymer ZRS with low concentration,low molecular weight form a space network structure by means of"electrostatic association"and"bridging"role,sealing edge channel,increasing flow resistance.The ZRS is easy to inject,its viscosity is stable with a good blocking ability;the blocking ratio can reach more than 94%after 60 days.Compared with subsequent water flooding after polymer flooding,the indoor oil recovery can be increased by 10.6%.

Key words:Bahai oilfield;residual polymer;new kind of oil-displacement agent;starch conversion cationic polymer;flocculation system

Abstract:In view of the characteristics of polymer flooding in Daqing oilfield oily wastewater,oily wastewater is treated by coagulation.By treating oily sewage of polymer flooding with the separate diatomite and the mixture of coagulant and diatomite,we think PAC and diatomite was better,the removal rate reached 69.23%.Investigate affection on different dosage,mixture ratio,mixing and stirring speed,flocculation stirring speed,p H,settling time of PAC and diatomite to removal rate.Experiments results showed the optimal conditions:dosage was 300 mg/L,mixture ratio was 1∶11,mixing and stirring speed was 350 r/min,p H was 7.0,settling time was 30 min,the removal rate mixture coagulant was best,oil content of effluent water met the requirements of subsequent processing.

Key words:Polymer flooding;oily wastewater;diatomite;mixture;PAC;oil removal

Abstract:In order to study the microscopic migration mechanism of residual oil film on hydrophobic porous media,regarding residual oil film in hydrophobic porous media as the research object,the microscopic mechanism of water displacing oil film is studied theoretically.On the basis of capillary flow model,Combined with the boundary layer theory,microscopic seepage model of residual oil film is established.According to the distribution feature of residual oil film in hydrophobic porous media,the microscopic migration equation of oil and water in capillary tube is deduced.By means of improving the capillary model,the oil-water relative permeability expressions of different diameter capillary model are deduced,from which the relative permeability curves are obtained.Meanwhile,the influence of the capillary radius,boundary-layer thickness and fluid viscosity on the relative permeability curve is analyzed.The results show that with the increase of the capillaries radius,the whole relative permeability curve shifts to the left gradually;with the decrease of the boundary layer thickness,the whole curve shifts to the left by degrees;the water relative permeability curve translates to the bottom right gradually when the viscosity of oil increases.The formula deduced and the results provide theoretical guidance to the study of microscopic displacement mechanism of oil film and further improve oil recovery at high water cut period.

Key words:hydrophobic porous media;residual oil film;boundary-layer theory;microscopic displacement;relative permeability curve

Abstract:The change of pore structure has important effect on micro fluid dynamics in oil reservoir core,this effect is closely related to the change of oil recovery.Characterizing original rock microstructure on nano-micro scale by atomic force microscopy to describe the characteristics of the core accurately,changes of pore diameter and micro fluid velocity are studied by Comsol Multiphysics 3.3 to acquire the effect rule of the tiny.Interrelated analyses conclude that there is not a direct proportion relationship between micro fluid velocity and the size of the pore diameter in oil reservoir core.At the same time,coordinated variation of other porosity will influence micro fluid velocity.Further analysis showed that there is a threshold point of pore size.With the variation of pore diameter,the change regularities of micro fluid velocity are very different on both sides of the threshold point.These conclusions are very useful to confirm the influence of secondary pore or the change of secondary pore qualitatively and quantificationally for enhancing oil recovery.

Key words:reservoir;rock core;pore structure;fluid velocity;atomic force microscopy;describe

Abstract:Based on area fractal and pseudopressure method,a steady state deliverability evaluation analytical model of vertical well after fracture network reconstruction in tight oil reservoir has been established.The model has taken artificial fracture network distribution,pressure-sensitive and threshold pressure gradient into consideration.Some parameters,such as pressure-sensitive coefficient,fractal coefficient,threshold pressure gradient and reconstruction radius,were analyzed by using the established model.The results show that pressure-sensitive coefficient has large effect on deliverability,the larger pressure-sensitive coefficient is,the higher the deliverability is.When pressure-sensitive coefficient value is big(more than 0.1 MPa-1),it is not obvious to enhance deliverability by enlarging the production pressure.The larger fractal coefficient negative value is,the higher deliverability is,and the larger production pressure is,the more remarkable effect of enhancing deliverability by fracture network reconstruction is.The greater threshold pressure gradient value is,the lower deliverability is.The larger reconstruction radius is,the higher deliverability is,the effect is restricted by fractal coefficient and production pressure,the larger fractal coefficient or production pressure is,the more effect reconstruction radius makes.It has a certain reference value on developing tight reservoir reasonable and optimization for fracture network reconstruction.

Key word:tight oil reservoir;fracture network reconstruction;steady state deliverability;fractal factor;threshold pressure gradient;pressure-sensitive coefficient;reconstruction radius

Abstract:A new hydrocracking catalyst was prepared with Y-Beta/MCM-41 composite molecular sieve and amorphous silica-alumina as acid components,and with W-Ni combination as active metal components.The physical and chemical properties were analyzed by XRD,SEM-EDS,NH3-TPD and other tools.Meanwhile,hydrocracking performance of the catalyst was evaluated on 200 m L hydrocracking apparatus.The results show that the hydrocracking catalyst containing Y-Beta/MCM-41 composite molecular sieve has high selectivity to middle distillatesliquid yield under the condition of reaction pressure 15 MPa,volume ratio of hydrogen to oil 1 500∶1 and LHSV 1.5 h-1.Selectivity to middle distillates andliquid yield are 79.16%and 98.92%.The obtained excellent products-heavy naphtha of aromatic potentiality 43.3%,diesel of cetane number 61.7%,and tail oil of BMCI number 6.5 can be used as feedstock of reforming units,blending diesel and ethylene pyrolysis feedstock respectively.

Key words:Y-Beta/MCM-41 composite molecular sieve;hydrocracking;selectivity to middle distillates;liquid yield;cetane number

Abstract:In order to study the cross-type rigid steel frame node hysteretic behavior of components,the axial compression ratio,H type steel column web thickness,girder section and stiffener as design parameters,8 steel frame cross-type rigid joints and a T-type rigid joint are designed.Based on simplified mechanical model and constitutive relations of material,using ABAQUS software the corresponding finite element model is established and the hysteretic performance analysis is carried out.Through comparison between given T-type node test results and analysis results,both are in good agreement,thus the rationality of the finite element model established in this paper is verified.Simulation analysis of cross-type node is developed in further,load-displacement hysteretic curve of nodes,skeleton curve,envelope figure and the stress nephogram are extracted and comparative analysis is conducted.Influence regularity of column axial compression ratio,H-shaped steel column web thickness,different section forms of beam and the stiffening rib on the seismic behavior of the joints is obtained.The corresponding design suggestion for the axial compression ratio and column web and flange thickness ratio is proposed,design limit value of axial compression ratio of column should be taken as 0.5 and limit value of column web and flange thickness ratio is taken as 0.75.When the sectional form is for H-type steel,the cross-type rigid nodes have good seismic performance and better than the Tubular sectional form and transverse stiffeners at node can improve the seismic behavior of the joints effectively.

Key words:cross-type rigid connections;hysteretic behavior;finite element analysis;T-shaped node;seismic performance;transverse stiffeners;seismic design

Abstract:For the variety of wavelet function,the quality of the reconstructed image compressed by using different wavelet basis is different.In order to select a suitable wavelet basis,a fractal dimension based wavelet basis selection method is proposed.By calculating the fractal dimension of the relevant images with differential box-counting method,the images are divided into different categories according to the fractal dimension value.A representative image for each category is chosen,and SPECK algorithm is used to carry out compression operation under different wavelet bases.Then according to the peak signal to noise ratio of the reconstructed image,a suitable wavelet basis is determined for each image category.Example analysis demonstrate that the method improves the PSNR of wavelet based image coding algorithm.

Key words:image compression;wavelet basis selection;wavelet transform;fractal dimension;coding

Current situation and development strategy of the extra high water cut stage of continental facies sandstone oil fields in China/2014,38(1):1-9

WANG Yupu1,LIU Yikun2,DENG Qingjun2,3
(1.Chinese Academy of Engineering,Beijing 100088,China;2.Key Laboratory of Enhanced Oil and Gas Recovery of Education Ministry,Northeast Petroleum University,Daqing,Heilongjiang 163318,China;3.Oil Recovery Plant No.1,Daqing Oilfield Corp.Ltd.,Daqing,Heilongjiang 163111,China)

Sedimentary source study of Chang 9 interval of Yanchang formation,Ordos basin/2014,38(1):10-16

LIU Xuan1,DING Xiaoqi1,2,WAN Youli1,LIU Mei1
(1.State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu,Sichuan 610059,China;2.State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation,Southwest Petroleum University,Chengdu,Sichuan 610500,China)

Distribution of authigene clay minerals and its oil-gas exploration significance in T1b Group,MB Slope/2014,38(1):17-24

MENG Xiangchao1,SI Chunsong1,WANG Xiaojun2,Yang Rongrong2,LI Yazhe1,HAN Shouhua1
(1.Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,CNPC,Zhejiang,Hangzhou 310023,China;2.Xinjiang Oilfield Company Exploration and Development Research Institute,CNPC,Xinjiang,Karamay 834000,China)

Analysis of sedimentary environment of palaeogene oil shale in Heilongjiang Ning'an basin/2014,38(1):25-30

ZHOU Dongli1,DONG Qingsong2
(1.Research Center of New District in West China,SINOPEC Shengli Oilfied Company,Dongying,Shandong 257067,China;2.Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region No.2 Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources and Development,Bayannur,Inner Mongolia 015000,China)

Feasibility of monitoring later development of submarine oil and gas using marine by means of controlledsource electromagnetic method/2014,38(1):31-36

ZENG Fanglu
(CCTEG Xi'an Research Institute,Xi'an,Shanxi 710077,China)

Distribution and controlling factors of calcareous layer on the lower section of the first member of Zhujiang formation in Shenhu uplift/2014,38(1):37-45

LI Cai,YOU Li,ZHU Jitian,YANG Jinhai,LI Hui,ZHENG Rongfen
(CNOOC Zhanjiang Co.Ltd.,Zhanjiang,Guangdong 524057,China)

Normalization of logging data of oil bearing mud shale of Qingshankou formation in Wangfu depression/2014,38(1):46-53

XIAO Dianshi1,HUANG Wenbiao1,ZHANG Xiaogang2,REN Huansong1,GUO Siqi1
(1.Institute of Unconventional Oil and Gas and New Energy,China University of Petroleum(East China),Qingdao,Shandong 266580,China;2.Division of Exploration,Changqing Oilfield Company,PetroChina,Xi'an,Shanxi 710018,China)

Architectural analysis of braided channel thick sandbody in the Eighth member of Shihezi formation,Sulige gasfield/2014,38(1):54-62

LU Haijiao1,2,ZHAO Hongge1,2,LI Wenhou1,2
(1.Department of Geology,Northwest University,Xi'an,Shanxi 710069,China;2.State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics,Northwest University,Xi'an,Shanxi 710069,China)

Field test of PPG/Polymer/Surfactant flooding after polymer flooding/2014,38(1):63-68

ZHANG Li1,2,LIU Huiqing1,CHENG Xiaoyan3
(1.College of Petroleum Engineering,China University of Petroleum,Beijing 102249,China;2.Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute,SINOPEC,Beijing 100083,China;3.Geological Scientific Research Institute,Shengli Oilfield,Dongying,Shandong 257015,China)

A new kind of residual polymer recycling oil-displacement agent in Bohai oilfield/2014,38(1):69-75

JIANG Weidong1,2,ZHANG Jian2,3,DAI Caili4,YANG Shuai4,WEI Ziyang4
(1.Development and Production Department,CNOOC Ltd.,Beijing 100010,China;2.SKLOOE,Beijing 100027,China;3.CNOOC Research Institute,Beijing 100027,China;4.China University of Petroleum(East China),Qingdao,Shandong 266588,China)

Experimental study of diatomite and its mixture used for oily sewage of polymer flooding/2014,38(1):76-79

CHEN Ping1,KAN Lianbao1,LIN Hongyan1,WANG Xilian2
(1.College of Civil Engineering,Northeast Petroleum University,Daqing,Heilongjiang 163318,China;2.Li'ao Estate Co.Ltd.,Dongying,Shandong 257000,China)

Microscopic displacement mechanism of oil film remaining in hydrophobic porous media/2014,38(1):80-84

GU Jianwei1,ZHANG Wenjing1,ZHANG Yigen2,HUANG Yingsong2
(1.College of Petroleum Engineering,China University of Petroleum(East China),Qingdao,Shandong 266580,China;2.Geological Scientific Research Institute,Shengli Oilfield Branch Company,Dongying,Shandong 063004,China)

The influences of pore structure changes in reservoir on fluid flow velocity/2014,38(1):85-90

BAI Yongqiang1,2,LI Na2,JIANG Shasha3,JIANG Zhenxue1,LIU Changhong4
(1.Unconventional Gas Research Institute,China University of Petroleum,Beijing 102249,China;2.College of Electronic Science,Northeast Petroleum University,Daqing,Heilongjiang 163318,China;3.Oil Recobery Plant No.4,Daqing Oilfield Company Ltd,Daqing,Heilongjiang 163511,China;4.Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&Production,SINOPEC,Beijing 100083,China)

Steady deliverability evaluation model of fracture network reconstruction vertical well in tight oil reservoir/2014,38(1):91-96

LIU Xiong1,TIAN Changbing1,JIANG Longyan2,YANG Fan2,XU Qiufeng3
(1.PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&Development,Beijing 100083,China;2.North China Petroleum Bureau of SINOPEC Group,Zhengzhou,He'nan 450006,China;3.China Geological Survey Bureau of Oil and Gas Resources Prospect Center,Beijing 100029,China)

Development and performance evaluation of a new composite molecular sieve hydrocracking catalyst/2014,38(1):97-101

WANG Dongqing,SUN Famin,MA Shoutao,JIA Pengfei
(Daqing Petrochemical Research Center of PetroChina,Daqing,Heilongjiang 163714,China)

Hysteretic behavior analysis and design on cross-type rigid joints of steel frame/2014,38(1):102-111

JI Jing1,XING Fei1,WU Yingjie2,ZHANG Wenfu1,YUAN Chaoqing1,ZHANG Dan1,DU Juan1
(1.Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention,Mitigation and Protection Engineering,College of Civil Engineering,Northeast Petroleum University,Daqing,Heilongjiang 163318,China;2.Daqing Petrochemical Engineering Corp.Ltd.,Daqing,Heilongjiang 163714,China)

Wavelet basis selection based on fractal dimension in image compression/2014,38(1):112-116

TANG Guowei1,WANG Shanshe2,ZHANG Yan1
(1.School of Computer and Information Technology,Northeast Petroleum University,Daqing,Heilongjiang 163318,China;2.School of Computer Science and Technology,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin,Heilongjiang 150001,China)