北京奧林匹克森林公園，北京，中國

2014-02-18 09:41:44景觀設(shè)計北京清華同衡規(guī)劃設(shè)計研究院有限公司清華大學建筑學院景觀學系

世界建筑 2014年2期

景觀設(shè)計：北京清華同衡規(guī)劃設(shè)計研究院有限公司/清華大學建筑學院景觀學系

Landscape Design: Beijing Tsinghua Tongheng Urban Planning and Design Institute Ltd./Department of Landscape Architecture at the School of Architecture, Tsinghua University

北京奧林匹克森林公園，北京，中國

Beijing Olympic Forest Park, Beijing, China, 2008

景觀設(shè)計：北京清華同衡規(guī)劃設(shè)計研究院有限公司/清華大學建筑學院景觀學系

Landscape Design: Beijing Tsinghua Tongheng Urban Planning and Design Institute Ltd./Department of Landscape Architecture at the School of Architecture, Tsinghua University

1 從空中俯瞰奧林匹克森林公園/The full view of the park from the air

北京奧林匹克森林公園占地680hm2，坐落在北京古老中軸線的北部，其設(shè)計理念中必然傳承中國傳統(tǒng)文化的精髓，“雖由人作，宛自天開”這一中國傳統(tǒng)造園藝術(shù)的最高境界，也是其規(guī)劃設(shè)計所執(zhí)著追求的；山水錯落，負陰抱陽，取“仁者樂山，智者樂水”的意境，使山水空間具有了人文的意義；綿延山水，跌宕起伏，尋求“一峰則太華千尋，一勺則江湖萬里”一樣的大氣魄，突出表達人與自然相生共榮的和諧，而這正是中國山水文化的精髓所在；“龍形水系”，不僅取“水不在深，有龍則靈”的文化含義，更是將中國龍圖騰向世界傳播。奧林匹克森林公園的設(shè)計創(chuàng)意，使其“通往自然的軸線”理念不僅僅體現(xiàn)在空間序列上，也使中軸線上的中國傳統(tǒng)文化得以傳承和升華。

公園功能定位為“城市的綠肺和生態(tài)屏障、奧運的中國山水休閑后花園、市民的健康森林和休憩自然”。五環(huán)路將公園分成南北兩園，北園是以生態(tài)保護與生態(tài)恢復(fù)功能為主的自然野趣密林，盡量保留原有自然地貌、植被，減少設(shè)施，限制游人量，為動、植物的生長、繁育創(chuàng)造良好環(huán)境。南園是以休閑娛樂功能為主的生態(tài)森林公園，以大型自然山水景觀的構(gòu)建為主，兼顧群眾休閑娛樂功能，為市民提供良好的生態(tài)休閑環(huán)境。

公園全面應(yīng)用當代最先進的園林建造技術(shù)和生態(tài)環(huán)境科技，制定出一系列重要的生態(tài)戰(zhàn)略，形成大量生態(tài)設(shè)計成果，用科技營造和諧自然的生態(tài)公園，力求達到中國傳統(tǒng)園林意境、現(xiàn)代園林建造技術(shù)與環(huán)境生態(tài)科學技術(shù)的完美結(jié)合。

The park site has an area of 680 ha and is located to the North of urban Beijing, a point where the city once met natural forests. As a key component of the Olympic Green, it is part of the Olympic Committee's "Axis to Nature" master plan-a plan designed to build a transition from the urban environment, from a severe urban context to a new ecosystem planned according to principles of sustainable development.

To respect the cultural significance of the Central Axis and the immediate urban context of the Forest Park, laws of FengShui guided the preliminary design of the landscape forms. The design was developed to merge traditional Chinese landscape concepts, emphasizing the need for the artificial to appear natural and harmoniously picturesque, with contemporary technologies. Diverse landforms were generated in design workshops and consisted of a screen of mountains in the North with water flowing towards the south, continuing through the Olympic Green and connecting the Olympic venues. A broad regional study of the Forest Park's possible ecoenvironmental influence upon Beijing was executed to investigate how it might improve current conditions such as the urban heat island effect, dust retention, noise pollution, while increasing oxygen and oxygen anion content in the air and water conservation. Such ideas continued to be analyzed and evaluated throughout the design process.

2 湖心觀景平臺/ Viewing platform in the lake

3 仰山：利用建設(shè)挖方人工堆筑/Yangshan Mountain: an artificial mountain using material from the excavation and construction

項目信息/Credits and Data

項目主持/Principal in Charge：胡潔

主設(shè)計師/Chief Designers：胡潔，吳宜夏，呂璐珊

設(shè)計團隊/Design Team：張艷，劉輝，李薇，劉海倫，孫宵茗，趙春秋，李加忠，尤斌，鄒夢宬，郭崢，李春嬌，張傳奇，陳霞，馮霄，朱育帆，姚玉君，張潔，高政敏，Andreas Luka，Angela Silbermann，Verena Fischbach，David Pasgrimaud，Shira Szabo

顧問團隊/Consultants：美國Sasaki設(shè)計事務(wù)所，孟兆楨，陳吉寧，尹稚，梁偉，袁昕，Laurie Olin

專家團隊/Experts：檀馨，端木歧，栗德祥，安友豐，殷雙喜，蘇云龍，董麗，倪學明，李湛東，趙福生，張帆，張曉林，張正旺，曹宗豪，錢德琳，Ron Henderson，Betsy Damon

合作單位/Collaboration：北京創(chuàng)新景觀園林設(shè)計有限責任公司，北京中國風景園林規(guī)劃設(shè)計研究中心，北京市園林古建設(shè)計研究院，北京北林地景園林規(guī)劃設(shè)計院有限責任公司，北京中元工程設(shè)計顧問公司，北京城市建設(shè)研究院

面積/Area：680 hm2

設(shè)計時間/Design Period：2005-2008

評論

張路峰：作為古都歷史中軸線的延伸，該公園不僅僅在功能上為城市提供了一片難得的開放空間，更在文化心理層面表達了某種集體無意識。龍形的水系，中軸線盡端的人工山體，都在以心照不宣的方式暗中呼應(yīng)著風水的原則。景觀設(shè)計師巧妙地把專業(yè)設(shè)計的內(nèi)涵融于適合大眾淺層閱讀的具象手法中，獲得了皆大歡喜的結(jié)果。不過，要讓“森林公園”名副其實，還得耐心等待幾十年——等樹長大。

鄭曉笛：奧運會已經(jīng)成為世界上多個舉辦城市改善城市公共開放空間的契機。5年來，北京奧林匹克森林公園成為市民體育運動、休閑娛樂、親近自然、聚會活動的城市綠肺，真正地成為人人均可免費享用的融入城市血脈的大型公共景觀空間。短時間內(nèi)大土方量的挖湖堆山，是在景觀工程技術(shù)方面的大膽嘗試。個別綠色技術(shù)雖已建設(shè)，但管理中卻未運行，甚為遺憾。

Comments

ZHANG Lufeng： As an extension of the ancient city's historical axis, the forest park not only provides a rare open space for the city, but also expresses the collective unconsciousness. With its diverse landscape formations, a screen of artificial mountains to the North and water flowing towards the South, the park tacitly echoes the principles of Fengshui. The landscape designer skillfully expresses professional his design philosophy through an explicit legible design. This pleases both professionals and the mass audience. But we will have to wait patiently, for decades in fact, for the trees to mature enough so that we can truly enjoy a "forest park".

ZHENG Xiaodi：The Olympic shave been taken as an opportunity to reshape urban public spaces by many of the world's host cities. For the past five years, Beijing's Olympic Forest Park has served as an urban green lung, provided spaces for sports, leisure, recreation, gathering, events and connecting with nature. It is a truly public large-scale landscape offering free access for all people and has played an active role in the life of the city. The park design was bold from a construction and technical perspective, calling large-scale earthwork-digging the lake and forming the hill-on a very tight schedule. Several green technologies were adopted in the park. It is a pity that not all of them are operable.