吳莉青 桂子輝
摘 要:教師在英語教學(xué)中,要引導(dǎo)學(xué)生欣賞英語語言的幽默。
關(guān)鍵詞:英語;教學(xué);幽默
法國浪漫主義作家雨果說:“Laughter is the sun that drives winter from human face.”中國有句古語:“笑一笑,十年少?!碑惽?,二者說的都是幽默在我們生活中的重要作用。
不同的語言文字,不同的文化背景,不同的生活習(xí)慣,使不同的民族產(chǎn)生不同的文字幽默(Verbal Humour)。很多情況下,通過翻譯,我們可以用一種語言理解另一種語言的幽默。請看普通高中課程實驗教科書(英語·人教版)模塊4第三單元介紹的兩則英語文字幽默:
Teacher: You say that John Jones has a cold and can not come to school today. Who am I speaking to?
Voice:Oh, this is my father.
老師:你說約翰瓊斯感冒了,今天不能來上學(xué)。那么誰在跟我打電話?
約翰瓊斯:我父親在跟您打電話。
Customer: Whats that fly doing in my soup?
Waitress: Swimming,I think!
顧客:請問這只蒼蠅在我的湯干什么?
服務(wù)生:我想,它在游泳吧。
盡管是英語的文字幽默,譯成漢語,同樣可以博得我們一笑。
但是,由于英語和漢語的語言詞匯完全不同,句子結(jié)構(gòu)差異又大,不少英語的文字幽默只能通過英語語言才能“意會”,很難,甚至無法用漢語來“言傳”。
請看下面的對話:
Customer: Waiter,will the pancake be long?
Waitress: No, sir. It will be round.
問者問的是時間,應(yīng)者答的是形狀,風(fēng)馬牛不相及。如果譯成漢語,你還能幽默嗎?
下面的對話也無法用漢語來“言傳”其幽默:
Customer:Whats that?
Waitress:Its bean soup.
Customer:I dont want to know what its been. I want to know what it is now.
如果說,我們無法用漢語來傳達三個“has gone out”所表達的幽默,但是,我們至少可以把它譯成意義連貫的漢語。如果我們將后面的對話譯成漢語,肯定是“語無倫次”的對話,更不用說將Its bean和its been所表達的幽默傳達出來。
我們繼續(xù)欣賞另外一段英語幽默故事。請注意畫線單詞的含義:Once a professor at Glasgow University put up a notice,which read,“Professor Black will meet his class tomorrow.”This means that he was going to give his students a lecture the next day.
One naughty boy of the class saw the notice and wiped away the first letter of the word“class” in the notice. Then the sentence became “Professor Black will meet his lass tomorrow”, which means the professor would meet his girl friend. Seeing this, the professor didnt take it seriously. He, then, simply left out another letter of the word. Finally, the word“class” was turned into “ass”, which means, as we all know,“a stupid donkey.” Overall, the student hadnt surpassed the teacher.
英語中像這樣的文字幽默不勝枚舉。我們再來看一看普通高
中課程實驗教科書(英語·人教版)模塊4第五單元“Reading For Fun”中為我們提供的材料,類似于我們漢語的腦筋急轉(zhuǎn)彎:
1.What do you get when you cross a car with a sandwich?
A traffic jam!
2.Why did the man feed his dog a watch?
He wanted a watchdog.
如何才能“意會”這些英語語言的文字幽默,相信我們的學(xué)生應(yīng)該不言而喻了吧!不努力學(xué)好英語,我們?nèi)绾涡蕾p“We park our
cars on driveways and we drive our cars on parkways!”這句話所蘊含的詼諧和俏皮?
(作者單位 江西省景德鎮(zhèn)市一中分校)