院士風采

胡 寧1916.2.11～

物理學家。江蘇宿遷人。1938年畢業(yè)于清華大學。1943年獲美國加州理工學院物理學博士學位。北京大學教授、中國科學院理論物理研究所研究員。早年致力于流體力學中湍流理論的研究。40至50年代，對介子的核力理論和廣義相對論、S矩陣理論、量子電動力學和粒子理論、高能多粒子產(chǎn)生理論和強相互等作了深入研究，取得多項重要成果。60年代中期與朱洪元共同領(lǐng)導建立和發(fā)展了強子內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)的層子模型理論的工作，并對有關(guān)問題作了系統(tǒng)研究，獲一系列創(chuàng)見性成果。對高能物理實驗中發(fā)現(xiàn)的大量新強子和新現(xiàn)象作了分析并對強子結(jié)構(gòu)和強相互作用動力機理作了探討。

1955年選聘為中國科學院院士（學部委員）。

Physicist. Born in Suqian, Jiangsu Province. Graduated from Tsinghua University in 1938. Received Sc.D. from California Institute of Technology, USA in 1943.Professor, Peking University, and research professor, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

In this early career, Hu devoted himself to the study of theory of turbulent flow in fluid mechanics. In the 1940s and 1950s,he made deepgoing studies in the nuclear force theory for meson and generalized relatives, S matrix theory quantum electrodynam ics and particle theory,high-energy multiparticle generation theory and strong interaction theory, and achieved significant progress .In the mid 1960s,together with Professor Zhu Hongyuan, he led the work of establishing and advancing the theory of straton model for hadron internal structure. Relevant problems were systematically studied and series of original results were obtained .He analyzed a large number of new hadron and new phenomena disclosed in the high-energy physical experiments and wen t fu tu re in to the motive m echan ism of had ron stru c tu re an d strong actions.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

周同慶1907.11.17～1989.2.13

物理學家。江蘇昆山人。1929年畢業(yè)于清華大學。1933年獲美國普林斯頓大學物理學博士學位。復旦大學教授。主要從事光譜學、氣體放電光譜學、氣體放電等離子體物理等方面的研究與教學工作，是中國光譜學研究的開拓者。30年代研制了新的低壓電弧光源，進行了Rb和Cs等原子光譜線倒塔克效應(yīng)、分子光譜和分子結(jié)構(gòu)等研究。40年代在探索河道水深測定的物理途徑方面取得重要成果，制成可測水深和暗礁位置得儀器。在合作研制真空管、X光管、高鹽整流等等方面作出重要貢獻。開創(chuàng)并深入研究了立方體放電等離子體光譜。

1955年選聘為中國科學院院士（學部委員）。

Physicist. Born in Kunshan, Jiangsu Province. Graduated from Tsinghua University, USA in 1929. Recived doctor of Physics from Princeton University, USA in 1933.Professor, Fudan University.

Zhou was mainly engaged in the research and education in the fields of spectroscopy, gas discharging spectroscopy and gas discharging plasma physics and was respected as the pioneer in spectroscopic study in China. In the 1930s,he developed a new type of low voltage arc illuminant and carried out investigations on the Inverse-Stack effect of Rb and Cs atomic spectrum, molecular spectrum and molecular structures. In the 1940s, he made important achievements in the study of physical approaches for measuring river depth and created the equipment for determining the depth of water and locating submerged reefs. He also made significant contributions in jointly developing highvacuum tubes, X-ray and high-pressure rectifier tubes. He established and made deepgoing investigations on the space discharge plasma spectroscopy.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

柯 召1910.4.12～

數(shù)學家。浙江溫嶺人。1933年畢業(yè)于清華大學。1937年獲英國曼徹斯特大學博士學位。四川大學教授、校長、名譽校長。主要從事代數(shù)學、數(shù)論、組合數(shù)學等方面得教學與研究工作并取得突出成就。在數(shù)論方面，在表二次型為線性型平方和的研究上取得一系列重要成果。在不定方程方面，解決了一百多年來未能解決的卡塔蘭猜想的二次情形，并獲得一系列重要成果。在組合論方面，與他人合作得出了關(guān)于有限集組橡膠的一個著名定理即“安道什—柯—拉多定理”，開辟了極值理論迅速發(fā)展的道路。在發(fā)展中國教育事業(yè)、培養(yǎng)大批科學人才方面做了大量卓有成效的工作。

1955年選聘為中國科學院院士（學部委員）。

Mathematician. Born in Wenling, Zhejiang Province. Graduated from Qinghua University in 1933.Received Ph.D .from Manchester University, UK in 1937.Professor,former president and president emeritus, Sichuan University.

Ke has been engaged in the research and education for years and has made outstanding contributions in the fields of algebra, number theory and combinatorial mathematics. He obtained a series of significant theorems on the representation of a quadratic form as a sum as squares of linear forms. On the Diophantine equations, he solved the quadratic case of the Catalan conjecture, which has history of more than 100 years, and gained a number of important results. In Combinatorial theory, collaborated with others, he gave the well-known theorem on the intersection sets of systems of finite sets, i.e Erdos-Ko-Rado theorem, which opens the way for the rapid development of the extremal set theory .Moreover, he has made grate and effective contributions to the education in China.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

周培源1902.8.28～193311.24

理論物理、流體力學家。江蘇宜興人。1924年畢業(yè)于清華學校（今清華大學前身）。1928年獲美國加州理工學院理學博士學位。1936年至1937年在美國參加A.愛因斯坦領(lǐng)導的廣義相對論討論班并進行相對引力論和宇宙論的研究。北京大學教授、中國科協(xié)主席、名譽主席。主要從事物理學的基礎(chǔ)理論研究中難度最大的兩個方面即愛因斯坦廣義相對論引力論和流體力學中的湍流理論的研究與教學并取得出色成果。在發(fā)展中國教育事業(yè)和組織領(lǐng)導國家科學文化事業(yè)等方面作出了重要貢獻。

1955年選聘為中國科學院院士（學部委員）。

Theoretical physicist and fluid mechanics expert. Born in Yixing, Jiangsu Province. Graduated from Tsinghua School(the predecessor of Teinghua University )in 1924.Received Sc.D. from California Institute of Technology, USA in 1928. Took part in the seminar of general relativity theory presided by Prof. A. Einstein and studied gravity in relativity theory and cosmos theory from 1936 to 1937.Chairman and honorary chairman, Chinese Association for Science and Technology, and professor, Peking University.

Zhou devoted himself to the research and education of two most difficult aspects in the fundamental theory of physics, namely, gravity theory in Einstein’s general relativity theory and turbulence flow in fluid mechanics, and obtained outstanding results. He also achieved important contributions in developing China’s education and organizing the scientific and culture undertakings.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.