郭克晴 張紀(jì)文
Unit 3
1.answer, reply
answer和reply都可表示“回答、答復(fù)”,但也有一定的差異。
answer常用作及物動(dòng)詞,后接名詞、代詞或從句。
He answered nothing. 他什么也沒(méi)有回答。
I cant answer you now. 我現(xiàn)在不能答復(fù)你。
He answered that he knew nothing about it.
他回答說(shuō)這事他一點(diǎn)也不知道。
reply常用作不及物動(dòng)詞,表示“對(duì)……作出回答”時(shí),后面要接to。它也可用作及物動(dòng)詞,后接直接引語(yǔ)或從句。
I asked him but he didnt reply to me. 我問(wèn)他,但他沒(méi)有答復(fù)我。
He replied that he had not received my letter.
他回答說(shuō)他沒(méi)有收到我的信。
“I cant work here any longer,” replied John.
“我再也不能在這里工作了,”約翰回答說(shuō)。
[練練吧]
根據(jù)句意,用answer 或reply 填空。
1. Who can ____ to the question?
2. She didnt know how to ____.
3. He ____ that he had finished his work.
4. I dont ____ him.
參考答案:
1.reply 2.answer/reply 3.answered/replied 4.answer
2.allow, let
allow和let都表示“讓、允許”,但它們的具體用法又各有區(qū)別。
allow多用于正式的英語(yǔ)中,其意“允許”只是“不加阻止”而已。allow sb. to do sth. 意為“允許(讓)某人做某事”;allow doing sth. 意為“允許做某事”。
We dont allow smoking here. 我們不允許在此吸煙。
We dont allow students to smoke. 我們不允許學(xué)生吸煙。
let后可跟副詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),也可跟不帶to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。
Let me in. 讓我進(jìn)去。
Let every man do his duty. 人盡其責(zé)。
注意:
let一般不用于被動(dòng)式,其被動(dòng)式一般要改用allow來(lái)代替。
Passengers are not allowed to smoke. 乘客不得吸煙。
We wont be allowed to go. 不會(huì)讓我們?nèi)サ摹?/p>
[練練吧]
根據(jù)句意,用allow或let的適當(dāng)形式填空。
1. I ____ her to go to the party yesterday.
2. They do not ____ playing football here.
3. No parking is ____ in this street.
4. His father doesnt ____ him smoke.
5. Who ____ you go into the building?
參考答案:
1.allowed 2.allow 3.allowed 4.let 5.let
3.learn, study
learn和study都有“學(xué)習(xí)”的意思,它們?cè)谠S多情況下可以互換。
He is studying/learning English. 他正在學(xué)英語(yǔ)。
一般說(shuō)來(lái),learn側(cè)重于通過(guò)受教育掌握某種技巧,有“學(xué)會(huì)、學(xué)到”的意思,強(qiáng)調(diào)學(xué)習(xí)的成果。學(xué)習(xí)做具體的事情要用learn,而不用study。
We learned a lot in the factory. 我們?cè)诠S學(xué)到了不少東西。
Lets learn to speak English. 讓我們學(xué)習(xí)講英語(yǔ)。
study不僅有“學(xué)習(xí)”的意思,還有“鉆研、研究”的意思,強(qiáng)調(diào)學(xué)習(xí)的過(guò)程。
They are studying history. 他們正在研究歷史。
He studied hard and at last learned the lesson.
他努力地學(xué)習(xí),終于學(xué)好了這一課。
注意:
1.learn之后可接不定式,而study不行。
Where did you learn to skate? 你在哪兒學(xué)會(huì)滑冰的?
I learned to drive a car. 我學(xué)會(huì)了開(kāi)車。
2.learn from sb.意為“向某人學(xué)習(xí)”,learn sth. from sb.意為“向某人學(xué)習(xí)……”。
Lets learn from Lei Feng. 讓我們向雷鋒學(xué)習(xí)。
David is learning Chinese medicine from Mr Wang.
大衛(wèi)正向王先生學(xué)習(xí)中醫(yī)。
[練練吧]
根據(jù)句意,用learn或study的適當(dāng)形式填空。
1. The boy ____ to swim fast and well.
2. ____ hard, work hard, do better every day.
3. We are going to ____ a new lesson this term.
4. We should ____ from each other.
5. Does he ____ English?
參考答案:
1.learned 2.Study 3.learn/study 4.learn 5.study/learn
Unit 4
4.be worried, worry, worry about
這三者都和“擔(dān)心、著急、煩惱”有關(guān),但其用法有所不同。
be worried是系表結(jié)構(gòu)的短語(yǔ),worried 是形容詞,意為“擔(dān)心、發(fā)愁”。若表示“為……擔(dān)心”,其后要接介詞about。
We are all worried about you. 我們都為你擔(dān)心。
The old woman looked worried. 這位老太太看上去很著急。
worry可用作及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞。作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)意為“使煩惱、使擔(dān)憂”,其后的賓語(yǔ)通常是表示人的代詞或名詞。
I dont know whats worrying her. 我不知道什么事使她煩惱。
worry作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)意為“發(fā)愁、擔(dān)心、煩惱”,常與about連用。
Why do your parents worry? 你父母為什么發(fā)愁?
Mr Brown always worries about his sons lessons.
布朗先生總是擔(dān)心兒子的功課。
worry還可用作可數(shù)名詞。
But they now have a new worry. 但是他們現(xiàn)在又有了新的煩惱。
She has a lot of worries. 她有許多煩惱的事。
注意:
三者在一定情況下可相互轉(zhuǎn)換。
He worried about her poor health.
=He was worried about her poor health.
=Her poor health worried him. 他擔(dān)心她的健康。
[練練吧]
根據(jù)句意,用worry, worried或worry about的適當(dāng)形式填空。
1. Dont ____ your brother. He will be all right soon.
2. Dont ____!Hes OK.
3. She lost her purse. She looked ____.
4. He is ____ his mother.
參考答案:
1.worry about 2.worry 3.worried 4.worried about
5.whole, all
(1)whole強(qiáng)調(diào)“完整的”整體,位于定冠詞、物主代詞等之后。例如:the whole afternoon, the whole year, the whole world。
(2)all強(qiáng)調(diào)“整體”,修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),指所有數(shù)量;修飾不可數(shù)名詞時(shí),指整個(gè)范圍或全部數(shù)量,位于定冠詞、指示代詞、物主代詞、基數(shù)詞的前面。例如:all that afternoon, all the Chinese people, all day, all the world。
(3)all和地點(diǎn)名詞連用指人,whole指人、地區(qū)都可以。
(4)all不與不定冠詞連用,whole則可以,可以說(shuō)a whole year;但不可以說(shuō)all a year。
(5)whole不可以接專有名詞或代詞。
[練練吧]
根據(jù)句意,用whole或all的適當(dāng)形式填空。
1. They cooked a hen ____ over the fire and soon a delicious smell came out.
2. Lend me ____ the books you have.
參考答案:
1.whole 2.all
6.fairly, quite, rather, too, very
表示程度的詞有fairly, quite, rather, too, very等。
(1)fairly作副詞,意為“相當(dāng)?shù)亍薄笆帧薄3P揎棊в邪x的、具有程度差別的形容詞或副詞,含有“適合”之意,所修飾的形容詞一般是人們喜歡的、希望的。不能與too或比較級(jí)連用。fairly表示的程度最輕。例如:
Her English is fairly good. 她的英語(yǔ)還算不錯(cuò)。
(2)quite的程度比f(wàn)airly稍強(qiáng)。例如:
She studies Chinese quite hard. 她學(xué)習(xí)漢語(yǔ)十分用功。
(3)rather意為“相當(dāng)”,表示的程度要深,修飾形容詞時(shí)含有“過(guò)分”的意思,所修飾的形容詞一般是人們不希望的、不喜歡的,它可與比較級(jí)或too連用。例如:
She speaks English rather well. 她英語(yǔ)講得相當(dāng)好。
(4)quite和rather都可放在不定冠詞前。例如:
This israther easy a book.rather an easy book.quite an easy book.
這是一本相當(dāng)簡(jiǎn)單的書。
(5)把幾個(gè)表示程度的副詞按程度的輕重排列如下:
fairly→quite→rather/pretty→too→very
[練練吧]
1. My daughter is ____ diligent, but my son is ____ lazy.
2. He is ____ better today.
3. I was ____ busy last week.
參考答案:
1.fairly, rather 2.rather 3.quite/rather