從高考題看形容詞化的過(guò)去分詞

車應(yīng)森

形容詞化的分詞已成為近年來(lái)高考考查的重要語(yǔ)言知識(shí)之一。例如:

(2005江蘇卷7) Lost in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police.

(2006四川卷33) Faced with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time.

(2007山東卷26) Please remain seated until the plane has come to a complete stop.

(2005湖南卷22) Dressed in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.

(2006全國(guó)卷I 32) Surprised and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize.

(2007湖南卷34)“Things lost never come again!” I couldnt help talking to myself.

縱觀以上考題不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，形容詞化的分詞主要集中在過(guò)去分詞，從分詞作狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)及補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的角度來(lái)設(shè)題。在通常情況下，過(guò)去分詞與其邏輯主語(yǔ)之間在語(yǔ)態(tài)上已不再體現(xiàn)被動(dòng)含義，而在句中表示主語(yǔ)存在的某種狀態(tài)，說(shuō)明人稱主語(yǔ)或事物是什么樣或看上去是什么樣子, 常見的形容詞化的分詞有：

located(位于), dressed(表示衣著情況), lost(消失、陷入、迷路等), faced with(面對(duì)), seated(坐著的), born(出生的), pleased(高興的), delighted(快樂的), tired(疲勞、厭煩的), confused(迷惑的), amazed(驚奇的), excited(激動(dòng)的), devoted(熱愛、忠實(shí)的、專心致志于、獻(xiàn)身于), interested(感興趣的), bored(煩惱的), annoyed(厭煩的), upset(心煩意亂的), impressed(銘記在心的、感人的), satisfied(滿意的), worried(擔(dān)心的), surprised(驚訝的), embarrassed(尷尬的、難為情的), amused(高興、開心的), depressed(抑郁的), astonished(驚異的、吃驚的), frightened(驚嚇、害怕的), relaxed(放松的)等。例如：

Please be seated, gentlemen!

Shelly, astonished, urged her to explain.

New arts have been born in the course of the history of man.

His thin face had a worried look.

He was lying in the sun looking very relaxed and happy.

I grew excited, red-eared and a little frightened.

We are all very pleased about Johns success in his scholarship examination.

She felt confused, even frightened.

He looked tired, and I did not like to disturb him.

【鞏固提高】

1. He found Irene ____at the piano with her hands arrested on the keys.

A. having seatedB. seated

C. being seatedD. seating

2. They went to the ball,____ as pirates.

A. dressedB. to dress

C. dressingD. having dressed

3.____ in deep thought, the man stared blankly.

A. LosingB. Being lost

C. To being losingD. Lost

4. When____ with a strong enemy they had always retreated（撤退）.

A. faceB. facing

C. facedD. to face

5. Shy and____, the boy thrust the flowers at his girl friend.

A. embarrassingB. embarrassed

C. being embarrassedD. to embarrass

6.____ on Main Street, the market was busy yesterday.

A. LocatedB. Locating

C. Being locatedD. To be located

7. He was____ that the date of the conference had been fixed.

A. to delightB. to be delighted

C. delightingD. delighted

8.____ by the bullets flying at them from all sides, the enemy withdrew into the wood.

A. Having confusedB. Confused

C. Being confusedD. Confusing

9. He arrived at Shelley Hot Springs,____and dusty on Sunday night.

A. being tiredB. tired

C. tiringD. to be tiring

【答案與解析】

1. B。過(guò)去分詞在句中作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，表示賓語(yǔ)Irene所處的狀態(tài)，即他發(fā)現(xiàn)Irene坐在鋼琴旁，手搭在鍵盤上。

2. A。過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，表示他們裝扮成海盜去參加舞會(huì)。

3. D。過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，表明他茫然地凝視著，陷入了沉思。

4. C。過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明他們面對(duì)強(qiáng)敵時(shí)總是退卻。

5. B。帶著幾分羞澀和難為情，他將花推向女朋友。

6. A。過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明市場(chǎng)所處的地理位置。

7. D。過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)，表明主語(yǔ)的心理狀態(tài)，即：他很高興，因?yàn)殚_會(huì)的日期已確定下來(lái)。

8. B。過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，句意為：面對(duì)從四面八方飛來(lái)的子彈時(shí)，他們迷惑地撤進(jìn)了林子。

9. B。過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，表明他在星期天夜間到達(dá)Shelley溫泉時(shí)的樣子：不僅疲憊而且滿身灰塵。