從一道高考題看插入語(yǔ)在高考中的運(yùn)用

諸立忠

2005年高考福建卷有這樣一道高考題:

——Is that the small town you often refer to?

——Right, just the one ____ you know I used to

work for years.

A. that B. which C. where D. what

分析:該題的正確答案為C。答句的意思為“對(duì)，就是你所知道的我曾在那兒工作多年的那個(gè)（小鎮(zhèn)）。”，對(duì)此題進(jìn)行分析，重點(diǎn)是能理解句子的結(jié)構(gòu)，其中you know用作插入語(yǔ)，對(duì)我們解題具有一定的干擾作用，實(shí)際上這里的the one后面跟著一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，將you know這個(gè)插入語(yǔ)去掉不影響句意的表達(dá)，空格處用疑問(wèn)副詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。

插入語(yǔ)是中學(xué)英語(yǔ)的重要語(yǔ)法內(nèi)容，也是高考的考點(diǎn)之一。理解了插入語(yǔ)的用法可以幫助我們排除干擾，作出正確的選擇。

插入語(yǔ)通常與句中其它部分沒(méi)有語(yǔ)法上的聯(lián)系，將它刪掉之后，句子結(jié)構(gòu)仍然完整。在書(shū)寫(xiě)時(shí)插入語(yǔ)前后多半都用逗號(hào)與句子隔開(kāi)。插入語(yǔ)在句中通常是對(duì)一句話的一些附加解釋?zhuān)f(shuō)明或總結(jié)；有時(shí)表達(dá)說(shuō)話者的態(tài)度和看法；有時(shí)起強(qiáng)調(diào)的作用；有時(shí)是為了引起對(duì)方的注意；還可以起轉(zhuǎn)移話題或說(shuō)明事由的作用；也可以承上啟下，使句子與前面的語(yǔ)句銜接的更緊密一些。

1. 一個(gè)陳述句或一般疑問(wèn)句用作插入語(yǔ)。如：I am sure, I believe, I think, I know, do you know, do you think, I suppose, I hope, Im afraid, you see, it is said, whats more, that is to say, as we know, as I see, believe it or not等，特別地，在疑問(wèn)句中插入do you know, do you think等時(shí)，應(yīng)將疑問(wèn)詞放在句首，插入語(yǔ)后面的部分用陳述句語(yǔ)序。例如：

I believe, China will be sure to succeed in hosting the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. 我確信，中國(guó)一定能成功主辦2008年北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)。

Some animals only half-hibernate, that is to say, their sleep is not such a deep one.

有些動(dòng)物只是半冬眠，就是說(shuō)它們睡的不那么深沉。

Im sorry I cant go to the cinema with you because I have a lot of housework to do tonight. Whats more, Ill have to help my brother with his maths. 很抱歉，我今晚不能和你一起去看電影，因?yàn)槲矣性S多家務(wù)要做，而且我也要幫弟弟學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)。

Which country do you think the Greens have traveled to for a holiday? 你認(rèn)為格林一家曾去哪個(gè)國(guó)家度過(guò)假？

2.介詞短語(yǔ)作插入語(yǔ)。此類(lèi)介詞短語(yǔ)有：of course, in fact, to ones surprise/joy/excitement/disappointment/regret/delight, in ones opinion, in brief， in general, in a word, in other words, in a few words, by the way, as a result, for example/instance, on the contrary, in short, as a matter of fact, in conclusion, on the other hand等。例如：

To their disappointment, their daughter failed in the exam this time again. 令他們失望的是，他們的女兒這次考試又沒(méi)及格。

California is not in the east of the USA. On the contrary, its in the west of it. 加利福尼亞不在美國(guó)的東部，相反，它在美國(guó)的西部。

You cant wait any more—in other words, you should start at once.

你不能再等了，換言之，你得立即出發(fā)。

In history, when settlers moved into a place which belonged to other people, the native were often driven away. For example, Aborigines in Australia had to leave their land when the British arrived. 歷史上，當(dāng)殖民者到一個(gè)屬于其它民族的地區(qū)時(shí)，當(dāng)?shù)厝送ǔ１悔s走。例如：當(dāng)英國(guó)人到來(lái)時(shí)，澳大利亞土著人不得不離開(kāi)他們的家園。

3.形容詞（短語(yǔ)）作插入語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)的有most important of all, sure enough, true, wonderful, excellent, strange to say, worst still等。例如：

Wonderful, Shenzhou Ⅵ with two Chinese spacemen has succeeded in traveling into space. 太好了，裝載著兩名中國(guó)宇航員的神州六號(hào)已成功地進(jìn)行了太空旅行。

True, it would be too late. 真的，太晚了。

Strange to say, her father hasnt known anything about what she has done up to now. 說(shuō)也奇怪，她爸爸到現(xiàn)在還不知道她所做的事情。

Most important of all, we should make full use of our time now. Every minute counts, you know. 最重要的是，我們現(xiàn)在必須充分利用時(shí)間，要知道，分秒必爭(zhēng)啊。

4.副詞（短語(yǔ)）作插入語(yǔ)。常用的有though, luckily, indeed, surely, still, otherwise, certainly, however, generally, personally, honestly, fortunately, besides, exactly, perhaps, maybe, probably, frankly, for us, or rather等。例如：

Ive got a cold, its nothing much, though. 我感冒了，不過(guò)不嚴(yán)重。

Animals are our best friends on earth, however, many of them are being killed.

動(dòng)物是我們地球上最好的朋友，然而，它們有很多正在被捕殺。

He reminded me of that. Ive otherwise forgotten that.

他提醒了我，不然我已經(jīng)把它給忘了。

There was a fire in that tall building last night. Fortunately, everyone in it was able to escape at last.

昨晚那棟大樓發(fā)生了一場(chǎng)火災(zāi)，所幸的是所有的人都得以逃脫。

5. v-ing形式作插入語(yǔ)。能用作插入語(yǔ)的v-ing形式（短語(yǔ)）常見(jiàn)的有g(shù)enerally speaking, strictly speaking, judging from/by…, talking of…, considering…等。例如：

Generally speaking, the weather in the south of China is much hotter than that in the north of it in summer.

一般來(lái)說(shuō)，在夏天中國(guó)南方的氣候比北方熱得多。

Talking of singing, will you go to the concert with me tonight?

說(shuō)到唱歌，你今晚愿意和我一塊去音樂(lè)會(huì)嗎？

Judging by his accent, we know he comes from the south.

從他的口音來(lái)判斷，我們知道他是南方人。

6.不定式短語(yǔ)作插入語(yǔ)。能用作插入語(yǔ)的不定式短語(yǔ)有to tell you the truth, to be honest, to begin with, to be frank, to be sure, to make the matter worse, to sum up, to start with等。例如：

To tell you the truth, he hasnt told me anything about that at all.

跟你說(shuō)實(shí)話，他根本就沒(méi)有告訴過(guò)我那件事。

To be frank, I dont think thats a very good idea.

坦率地說(shuō)，我認(rèn)為那并不是一個(gè)好主意。

To sum up, whatever you meet with, never give up.

總而言之，無(wú)論你遇到什么事，都不能放棄。

7. 代詞詞組作插入語(yǔ)。此類(lèi)代詞詞組有all the same, all told, all in all等。例如：

His crew was reduced to twenty-four all told.

他的船員減少到總共二十四人。

All in all, China has made great progress during the last twenty years. 總的來(lái)說(shuō)，中國(guó)在過(guò)去的二十年中發(fā)生了巨大的變化。

[高考真題練習(xí)]

1. ____, the more expensive the camera, the better is quality.

(2005全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)

A. General speaking B. Speaking general

C. Generally speaking D. Speaking generally

2. ——We havent heard from Jane for a long time.

——What do you suppose ____ to her? (MET91)

A. was happening B. to happen

C. has happened D. having happened

3. People may have different opinions about Karen, but I admire her. ____, she is a great musician. (2004全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)

A. After all B. As a result

C. In other words D. As usual

4. John plays football ____, if not better than, David.(NMET94)

A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as

5. My friend Martin was very sick with a strange fever; ____, he could neither eat nor sleep.(2005江西卷)

A. as a result B. after all C. any way D. otherwise

6. ——Have you been to New Zealand?

——No, Id like to, ____.(2005山東)

A. too B. though C. yet D. either

7. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ____, of course, made the others unhappy.(NMET2000)

A. who B. which C. this D. what

8. Its so nice to hear from her again. ____, we last met more than

thirty years ago.(2005北京)

A. Whats more B. Thats to say

C. In other words D. Believe it or not

9. Your performance in the driving test didnt reach the required

standard—____, you failed.(NMET99)

A. in the end B. after all

C. in other words D. at the same time

10. Id like to buy a house—modern, comfortable, and ____ in a quiet neighborhood.(2004福建卷)

A. in all B. above all C. after all D. at all

11. E-mail, as well as telephones, ____ an important part in daily commu-

nication.(1999上海)

A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play

12. Maggie has been fortunate to find a job she loves and, ____, she gets well paid for it.(2005浙江省)

A. sooner or later B. whats more

C. as a result D. more or less

Key(4）